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近年來網路產業快速成長，本研究希望以網路產業中的「APP行動應用程式產業」出發，探討這些提供行動應用服務的新創團隊，在各創建階段時期的資源取得與內化，透過創業者給予的建議以及資料整理與分析，提供未來欲創業的網路創業家參考。由於新創事業的團隊人數較為精煉，公司規模也尚未建立，初期所探討的資源具有人身依附性，資源與知識主要專屬在員工身上。本研究透過實證研究，在新創事業成長的各個不同的階段，探討隨著組織的調整，公司要如何將員工自身的能力與資源有效地傳遞給團隊其他成員，並且最終內化成為組織內部所屬的資源。 為了深入了解轉換過程進而獲得實證結果，本研究採取個案分析方法，針對網路產業的創業家進行一對一訪談為主，從創辦人與合夥人，分別就公司不同資源應用上一一詢問。完整訪談過後經由整理、比較，以吸收能耐理論的獲取、吸收、轉換、應用為架構，以求歸納出各資源轉換成組織資源過程以及後續應用創新 研究結果顯示，在將上述無形資源轉換成組織所擁有的過程中，新創公司最先採取的都是資料庫的建立，然而形式化的歸檔動作只是一種初期的手段，只有真正讓這些「資源」，針對其獨特性有效地流動於組織中，才可能後續為公司帶來真正的創新與應用。新創事業應該把握此時組織靈活的優勢，越快找到適合公司的商業模式，越能快速的從生存期進到成功期，而研究中也針對不同的資源屬性，深入探討其轉換與應用中的不同之處。

隨著中國大陸近十餘年來的改革開放，以低廉的勞工與土地成本、及高度持續之經濟成長，吸引台商紛紛將過去的台灣經驗移植到大陸。本研究從大陸子公司角度探討影響其經營績效之因素，分析台商母公司的智慧資本對大陸子公司經營績效的影響，特別將母子公司間的移轉機制與子公司的吸收能耐納入實證分析中。 本研究採用田野研究、問卷調查、與實證資料檢定，並結合多種不同的資料庫來源，以在大陸設有子公司進行投資活動之我國公司為研究對象進行問卷調查，回收之有效樣本合計共103家。路徑分析之結果發現大部分台商母公司所擁有的智慧資本會直接影響大陸子公司的經營績效。在智慧資本的移轉成效上，台商人力資本有移轉和吸收效果，但創新資本的效果則不佳。在上市櫃電子業之樣本下，母公司所擁有的人力資本係先透過影響母子公司間的移轉機制，再間接影響大陸子公司的資產報酬率。當台商母公司所擁有的人力資本愈高時，有助於提高大陸子公司之吸收能耐，並間接影響大陸子公司的資產報酬率。另外，迴歸分析之結果發現，不同智慧資本組成要素對大陸子公司經營績效影響的程度並不相同，人力資本對經營績效有顯著的正效果，而創新資本對經營績效的影響並不顯著。本研究最後建議理論或實務上之管理意涵。 / Over the past decade, the regulations of China have changed, and it provided a huge resource of cheap labor and land. Following the rapid economic growth has attracted Taiwanese enterprises to transfer their success experiences to China. It is important to examine the determinants of performance of subsidiary in China. This study analyzes the relationship between intellectual capital and performance covering the transfer from Taiwanese parent to Chinese subsidiary. This study particularly highlights the role of transfer mechanism and absorptive capacity in explaining the effect of intellectual capital on performance. This study integrates multiple research methodologies including field study, questionnaire, and empirical study. Since no single database exists to support this study, multiple sources are employed for constructing the sample frame. Based on a sample of 103 subsidiaries of Taiwanese enterprises in China, results of path analysis indicate that intellectual capital from parent is positively associated with the performance of subsidiary. In general, the results support that the effects of human capital on performance are mediated by both transfer mechanism and absorptive capacity, but the transfer roles of innovation capital are not supported. Finding from the public electronic industry reveals that the influence of human capital on return of assets is indirect through the mediating role of transfer mechanism. An absorptive capacity path is presented where absorptive capacity is associated with return of assets, and human capital influences absorptive capacity. Moreover, regression analyses demonstrate that different intellectual capital elements have a different effect on organizational performance. Human capital is important in explaining the variations in the performance of subsidiary, while innovation capital has little or no effect. Implications for theory and research are discussed.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-04-06T13:05:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sabrina Rossi de Oliveira.pdf: 1451424 bytes, checksum: 7eb1361bce401f0935c9bc7cef5c6cff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-06T13:05:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sabrina Rossi de Oliveira.pdf: 1451424 bytes, checksum: 7eb1361bce401f0935c9bc7cef5c6cff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-29 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O paradigma econômico atual está intimamente associado à dinâmica do desenvolvimento tecnológico. Assim, as atividades de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (P&D) adquirem um papel preponderante nesse contexto, tanto para o desempenho das firmas quanto para o desenvolvimento macroeconômico de regiões e países. Uma estratégia cada vez mais comum adotada pelas empresas como forma de operacionalizar suas pesquisas é formar parcerias colaborativas com universidades e centros de pesquisas. Uma iniciativa que se insere nesse contexto é o acordo firmado pela UNISINOS e a HT Micron com vistas ao desenvolvimento de uma infraestrutura científico-tecnológica destinada ao encapsulamento de semicondutores. Entretanto, pelo fato de não possuir uma tradição científica nesse campo, um desafio que se impõe à essa universidade é o desenvolvimento de sua capacidade de absorção de conhecimentos relativos à essa tecnologia. Dessa forma, o objetivo central dessa dissertação é explicar o processo de desenvolvimento da capacidade absortiva por parte de uma universidade no contexto de um projeto colaborativo de cunho tecnológico. A pesquisa apoiase na linha teórica que defende que o processo de desenvolvimento da capacidade absortiva está atrelado, por um lado, à influência exercida pelos determinantes dessa capacidade e, por outro, ao tipo de conhecimento a ser adquirido. A estratégia de pesquisa utilizada foi o estudo de caso único e os dados foram obtidos qualitativamente através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e consulta a fontes secundárias. Os resultados fornecidos pelo trabalho sugerem que a capacidade absortiva da UNISINOS pode ser aperfeiçoada através de ações que influenciem a base inicial de conhecimento relacionada ao projeto, os recursos humanos ligados a esse conhecimento, a estrutura organizacional e as relações interorganizacionais que possam fomentar esse aprendizado. Também se concluiu que as etapas iniciais do projeto, as quais envolvem tecnologias prontas para serem utilizadas, exigem que as ações adotadas sejam pontuais, possibilitando um rápido acesso ao conhecimento externo. Já as fases posteriores, as quais incluem o desenvolvimento de novos conhecimentos, pedem medidas cujos resultados sejam gerados ao longo do tempo e, dessa forma, construam uma capacidade de absorção capaz de prover a universidade com conhecimentos mais elaborados. / The current economic paradigm is closely associated with the dynamics of technological development. Thus, the activities of P & D acquire a leading role in this context, both for the performance of firms, and to the macroeconomic development of regions and countries. An increasingly common strategy adopted by companies as a way to operationalize their research is to form collaborative partnerships with universities and research centers. An initiative that is within this context is the agreement signed by UNISINOS and HT Micron with a view of developing a scientific-technological infrastructure intended for semiconductor encapsulation. However, because of not having a scientific tradition in this field, a challenge imposed to this university is developing its capacity to absorb knowledge regarding this technology. Thus, the main objective of this thesis is to explain the process of the absorptive capacity development for a university in the context of a collaborative project of a technological nature. The research is based on the theoretical line which argues that the process of developing the absorptive capacity is linked to, on the one hand, the influence exerted by the determinants of this capacity and, on the other hand, the type of knowledge to be acquired. The research strategy used was a single case study where the data was obtained qualitatively through semi-structured interviews and secondary sources that were consulted. The results from the study suggest that the absorptive capacity of the UNISINOS can be improved through actions that influence the initial base of knowledge related to the project, the human resources linked to this knowledge, the organizational structure and inter-organizational relationships that can foster this learning. It also concluded that the initial stages of the project, which involving technologies ready to be used, require that the actions taken are timely, enabling quick access to external knowledge. Having the posterior phases, which include development of new knowledge, demand measures whose results are generated over time, and thus build an absorption capacity capable of providing the university with more elaborate knowledge.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-08-20T14:14:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudio Testoni Cardozo_.pdf: 4021041 bytes, checksum: fde25db231a8129b09da005e745e691a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T14:14:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudio Testoni Cardozo_.pdf: 4021041 bytes, checksum: fde25db231a8129b09da005e745e691a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-19 / Nenhuma / Esta dissertação trata da capacidade de adaptação das empresas de Tecnologia da Informação a ambientes turbulentos, seja devido a situações de crise política e financeira, ou mesmo pela característica peculiar do mercado tecnológico em permanente mudança e evolução através de inovações cada vez mais constantes. Essa habilidade de mudar rapidamente em meio a um ambiente incerto é aprofundada pelas capacidades dinâmicas da firma. Empresas de Tecnologia da Informação são reconhecidas pela literatura como intensivas em conhecimento, onde a capacidade absortiva se revela como mecanismo impulsionador de inovação e desempenho. Visando um aprofundamento desse tema, esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal a avaliação da relação entre a capacidade absortiva e o desempenho organizacional em empresas de TI. Para tanto, um modelo teórico contendo as hipóteses que relacionam os referidos constructos foi elaborado e submetido à análise através da técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais. Os resultados dessa análise foram submetidos a um painel de experts que analisou as hipóteses suportadas pelo modelo e contribuiu com discursos que revelaram um conjunto de competências e mecanismos que explicam como a capacidade absortiva é operacionalizada nas organizações. O resultado final demonstrou não somente como ocorre a relação entre os elementos da capacidade absortiva (aquisição, assimilação, transformação e exploração) e os elementos do desempenho como também apresentou a relação deste modelo em outros aspectos revelados: (i) Competitividade; (ii) Estratégia; (iii) Networking; (iv) Ambiente econômico e político; (v) Aprendizagem organizacional; e (vi) Clima organizacional. Os resultados também sugerem a realização de futuras pesquisas longitudinais para análise e comparação em diferentes momentos. / This master’s thesis refers to the adaptability of information technology companies to turbulent environments, whether due to political and financial crisis, or even by the peculiar characteristic of an environment in constant change and increasingly innovations. This ability to change quickly amid an uncertain environment is deepened by the firm's dynamic capabilities. Information technology companies are recognized by the literature as knowledge intensive business, where the absorptive capacity is revealed as a mechanism that fosters innovation and performance. Seeking a better comprehension of this theme, this research evaluates the relationship between absorptive capacity’s elements and organizational performance’s elements in IT companies. For this purpose, a theoretical model, which included hypotheses relating those relationships, was created and submitted through the application of the technique of structural equation modeling. The results of this analysis were submitted to an expert’s panel who analyzed the model’s supported hypotheses and contributed with discourses that revealed a set of competencies and mechanisms that explain how the absorptive capacity is operationalized in those organizations. The final result showed not only the relationship between the elements of the absorptive capacity (acquisition, assimilation, transformation and exploration) with the performance but also the relationships between this model in other revealed aspects: (i) Competitiveness; (ii) Strategy; (iii) Networking; (iv) Economic and political environment; (v) Organizational learning; and (vi) Organizational climate. The results also suggest the realization of future longitudinal researches for analysis and comparison at different moments.

En adoptant l’approche basée sur la connaissance, cette recherche étudie les effets de trois éléments préalables pour le transfert inter-organisationnel de connaissances (TIC). Ces trois éléments sont: l’intention de l’entreprise à explorer la connaissance du partenaire, la diversité entre les partenaires qui représente la source de nouveauté potentielle à apprendre, et enfin les effets mutuels de ces deux éléments. Une enquête auprès de 114 entreprises françaises, montre un impact positif de l’intention d’exploration sur l’efficacité du TIC. Nous avons également trouvé une relation en U inversé entre la diversité du partenaire et l’efficacité du TIC. Les interactions entre ces deux éléments sont étudiées sur la base de deux hypothèses complémentaires: La variation de l’intention d’explorer a un impact positif sur le TIC dans un contexte de faible diversité des partenaires, au contraire des alliances avec forte diversité entre les partenaires dans lesquelles la variation de l’intention d’explorer influence négativement le TIC. Les résultats de ces dernières hypothèses correspondent à deux approches d’exploration : la profondeur et l’étendue de l’exploration. Lorsqu’une entreprise, ayant une intention exploratoire, fait une alliance avec des partenaires similaires, ils profitent de leur profondeur commune d’exploration pour favoriser l'apprentissage et la création de nouvelles connaissances. L’étendue de l’exploration dans une alliance est la mesure par laquelle les partenaires de l'alliance explorent de nouvelles connaissances dans des éléments non-similaires de leur base de connaissances. Toutefois, nos résultats montrent que la diversité trop élevé entre des partenaires réduit l’effet positif de l’intention d’explorer sur le TIC à cause de la distance important entre les éléments de connaissances des partenaires à explorer / Relying on knowledge based view; this study tests the effects of three concepts as the prerequisites for interfirm learning: Intent to explore, Existence of novelty, and Approach of exploration. The paper defines the existence of new knowledge to be learnt by the level of partner diversity and addresses approaches of exploration by the interactive effect of the explorative intent and partner diversity. The hypotheses are tested based on a survey over a sample of 114 French companies. Determinants of knowledge transfer between partners such as ambiguity of partner's knowledge, knowledge protection and trust are controlled. Using Tobit regression models, the findings show that the intent to explore is positively related with interfirm knowledge transfer. Moreover, an inverted U-shape relationship is observed between partner diversity and the effectiveness of interfirm knowledge transfer. Finally, the negative moderating effect of partner diversity on the relation of exploration and knowledge transfer highlights the effect of two approaches of exploration: depth and scope of exploration. In the accordance with the concept of depth of search we find that the interactive effect of similarity of partners with explorative intent is positive on interfirm learning. We also find that a broad search scope represented by the interactive effect of partner diversity and intent to explore has negative impact on interfirm learning

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<p>Abstract</p><p>The research investigates the sustainability and effectiveness of the projects that are funded by the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) in Kenya. SIDA is the Swedish central state agency responsible for planning, implementing and managing Aid. The research applies both the absorptive capacity and the institutional theory to explain the phenomenon of Aid projects failures in Kenya. The research has used a qualitative research method, a literature study that blend with structured open-ended interview questions which we have formulated.</p><p>By studying the various Actors involved in Swedish foreign Aid, their operations and deliverance, it will facilitate our study to establish the major causes and origins of development projects failures in Kenya. The main and current Swedish development goals are “improving the standard of living for poor people”, the sub goals are Economic growth, Economic and social equality, Economic and Political Independence, Democratic Development and Protection of human rights, Sustainable use of natural resources, protection of Environment Conflict management and Security. The reason why Aid projects are not producing the intended results could be divided into two parts; the planning problem that emanate from the donors side. The irony is that development partners are viewed to be aiming at alleviating poverty without proper planning and even their priorities are not always right. The other major reason is attributed to the recipients’ side and could be summarized as lack of democracy, corruption, weak institutions, lack of absorptive capacity and mismanagement.</p>

Background: Due to the increasing global competition managers must realize the importance of competitive advantage. This can be done by reconsider how new knowledge should be acquired into the organization.  The importance of new competence creation is well known as a factor for longitudinal success for companies. There is a growing trend in outsourcing human resources activities that used to be in-house. There are numerous training vendors active on the market offering training and development opportunities to small firms. It can therefore be questioned how well the programs offered by the training vendors suites the needs of small firms. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigating the perceived training and development needs for small firms. This to understand and overcome the differences in the perception of small firms’ needs, between training vendors and small firms. Method: The research approach of this study is inspired by Grounded theory. Ten in-depth interviews have been performed, four with training vendors and six with small firms. The findings where then coded and categorized to answer the research questions and purpose of the research. Conclusion: From this research it can be seen that both small firms and training vendors do understand the need for training and development of small firms. The areas where training and development is needed for small firms can be summarised to fields of general business management and business specific knowledge. However, this research also identifies barriers that prevent small firms from attending external training. These barriers are cost, time, relevance, pride, flexibility and suitability. Time and cost are the most commonly mentioned barriers, but not the primary barriers that training vendors and small firms should focus on overcoming. Instead we argue that, the efforts should be on the attitude driven barriers: relevance, suitability, flexibility and pride. If you change the attitude among small firms towards training, the perceived benefits will become larger and therefore cost and price will become less important. If the small firms and the training vendors co-operate these barriers could easier be decreased. This could be done by ensuring that the training results in practical tools that the firms use and that they work on building a trustworthy relationship. This will help the small firms to see the relevance and the suitability of the courses offered and the training vendors to understand how to make the courses appear more relevant and suitable to the small firms. / Bakgrund: I och med den ökade globala konkurrensen, måste företagsledare förstå vikten av att inneha och bevara en konkurrens fördel. Detta kan göras genom att fokusera på hur kunskap kan tas in i organisationen. Vikten av kompetens utveckling är en välkänd faktor för långsiktig framgång för företag. Det finns en ökad trend att lägga ut ansvaret för human resources på externa företag, vilket tidigare sköttes inom företaget. Det finns ett stort antal externa utvecklingsleverantörer på marknaden. Det kan därför ifrågasättas hur väl programmen, som de externa träningsleverantörerna erbjuder, passar med behoven hos småföretagarna. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka uppfattningen om tränings- och utvecklingsbehov hos småföretagare. Detta för att få en förståelse av småföretagarnas behov och komma över skillnaderna i uppfattningarna mellan externa utvecklingsleverantörer och småföretagare. Metod: Forskningsansatsen till den här studien är inspirerad av Grundad teori. Tio djupintervjuer har genomförts, fyra stycken med externa utvecklingsleverantörer och sex stycken med småföretagare. Det empiriska materialet har organiserats genom kodning och kategorisering enligt Grundad teori. Slutsats: Från den här studien kan det ses att både småföretagare och externa utvecklingsleverantörer ser behovet av träning och utveckling i småföretag. De områden där träningsbehov är identifierade kan summers till generell företagsekonomi och specifik kunskap inom företagets bransch. Genom denna studie har dock barriärer som motverkar träning och utveckling i småföretag identifierats. Barriärerna är: kostnad, tid, relevans, stolthet, flexibilitet och lämplighet. Tid och kostnad är de mest nämnda barriärerna, men dock inte de barriärer som primärts bör fokuseras på. Istället anser vi att kraften skall fokuseras på att minska de attityd drivna barriärerna: relevans, lämplighet, flexibilitet och stolthet hos företagarna. Om attityden hos småföretagarna ändras vad gäller träning så kommer den uppfattade fördelen av träning att öka, därmed minskar vikten av barriärerna kostnad och pris. Dessa barriärer kan lättare överbyggas om småföretagarna och de externa utvecklingsleverantörerna samarbetar. Samarbetet kan ske genom att fastställa att det praktiska verktygen, utvecklade av de externa utvecklingsleverantörerna, används av småföretagarna och att en tillförlitlig relation byggs. Detta skulle hjälpa småföretagarna att se relevansen och lämpligheten i de erbjudna kurserna och de externa utvecklingsleverantörerna skulle få en förståelse i hur man kan få kurserna att framstå som relevanta och lämpliga för småföretag.

Abstract The research investigates the sustainability and effectiveness of the projects that are funded by the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) in Kenya. SIDA is the Swedish central state agency responsible for planning, implementing and managing Aid. The research applies both the absorptive capacity and the institutional theory to explain the phenomenon of Aid projects failures in Kenya. The research has used a qualitative research method, a literature study that blend with structured open-ended interview questions which we have formulated. By studying the various Actors involved in Swedish foreign Aid, their operations and deliverance, it will facilitate our study to establish the major causes and origins of development projects failures in Kenya. The main and current Swedish development goals are “improving the standard of living for poor people”, the sub goals are Economic growth, Economic and social equality, Economic and Political Independence, Democratic Development and Protection of human rights, Sustainable use of natural resources, protection of Environment Conflict management and Security. The reason why Aid projects are not producing the intended results could be divided into two parts; the planning problem that emanate from the donors side. The irony is that development partners are viewed to be aiming at alleviating poverty without proper planning and even their priorities are not always right. The other major reason is attributed to the recipients’ side and could be summarized as lack of democracy, corruption, weak institutions, lack of absorptive capacity and mismanagement.