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This dissertation argues that eighteenth- and nineteenth-century narratives about personal and collective experiences with disease train American readers to fear illness while warning them against the dangers of being afraid. Such narratives depict the way illness ravages the physical body, disrupts interpersonal relationships, and threatens to dismantle social or municipal organization. In other words, the story of sickness is a story of terror-inducing dis-order. I study disease with a lens informed by cultural and disability studies to show that what makes disease historically and culturally significant is its power—through the body—to dis-order relationships, society, and knowledge. Anxieties about this dis-order did not go dormant when an epidemic faded; they continued to circulate in writing, their vigor magnifying with each new outbreak. Through extensive archival research into representations of disease in ephemera, popular publications, and medical writing, my dissertation proffers a new reading of canonical works depicting sickness. Literary works gothicize disease by dramatizing its possible effects that make life unrecognizable, thus feeding fears as they portray them. My analysis shows that works like John and Abigail Adams’s letters, Abigail Abbot Bailey’s memoir, editorials from Nathaniel Parker Willis, novels like Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Harriet Wilson’s Our Nig are as invested in the fear of illness as disease narratives by Charles Brockden Brown and Edgar Allan Poe that are traditionally read as gothic. While scholars may recognize the significance of disease-induced fear in any of these individual texts, they treat each example as unique whereas I show literary authors contribute to a broader cultural anxiety spawned on the pages of popular media and spread through belles-lettres. To emphasize the relationship between the circulation of information and the circulation of disease, each chapter focuses on one disease and the written or print form that participated in sharing and shaping opinions about the disease as a terrifying event: smallpox and letters, yellow fever and pamphlets, cholera and periodicals, and tuberculosis and sentimental novels.

Dieses Buch verdankt sein Entstehen zwei Gründen. Zunächst ist es die Absicht, die an versteckter Stelle befindlichen Urkunden und Aktenabschriften des historischen Pfarrarchivs St. Nikolai der Fachwelt zugänglich zu machen. Außerdem möge diese Urkundensammlung dazu beitragen, die überregionale Bedeutung der Stadt Geithain weiter aufzuhellen und ihren Platz in der Landesgeschichte zu festigen. Insofern richtet sich das Buch sowohl an den interessierten Historiker als auch an den gebildeten Laien. Es enthält eine Fülle von Ereignissen zur Stadt- und Landesgeschichte der Mark Meißen bzw. des Herzogtums Sachsen vom 12. bis zur Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts, die in der Mehrzahl bisher noch nicht im Druck vorliegen.

Dieses Buch verdankt sein Entstehen zwei Gründen. Zunächst ist es die Absicht, die an versteckter Stelle befindlichen Urkunden und Aktenabschriften des historischen Pfarrarchivs St. Nikolai der Fachwelt zugänglich zu machen. Außerdem möge diese Urkundensammlung dazu beitragen, die überregionale Bedeutung der Stadt Geithain weiter aufzuhellen und ihren Platz in der Landesgeschichte zu festigen. Insofern richtet sich das Buch sowohl an den interessierten Historiker als auch an den gebildeten Laien. Es enthält eine Fülle von Ereignissen zur Stadt- und Landesgeschichte der Mark Meißen bzw. des Herzogtums Sachsen vom 12. bis zur Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts, die in der Mehrzahl bisher noch nicht im Druck vorliegen.

教育是傳遞文化的工作，學校則是教育的主要場域。學校產生的校史檔案蘊涵了社會文化的活動歷程，若能善加典藏、整理，必能從中發掘許多歷史瑰寶，讓過去的經驗得以傳承。 本研究採用「訪談法」(case study method)做為資料蒐集工具，針對台灣光復以前成立之五十九所中等學校分區進行抽樣調查，訪談對象共計十一所。期盼能藉此瞭解高中校史檔案管理與運用之現況，並且歸納整理其所面臨之問題，試圖提出解決方案，以供校史工作者參考。 研究結果包括：一、校史檔案工作少有專責人員，常被視為額外的工作負擔；二、校史檔案管理缺乏制度化規章；三、校史檔案多運用在展覽、編研與實施校史教育；四、校史檔案管理專業知能不足；五、校史館功能尚待擴充。 最後針對以上研究結果提出七項建議：一、設置高中校史檔案管理專責人員；二、確立校史檔案管理制度化，訂定計畫與工作目標，使管理人員交接時能清楚工作內涵與目標；三、制訂校史館館藏發展政策，提升校史館藏內涵，也能避免過度典藏；四、制訂館藏內容描述之Metadata；五、強化專業人力與管理；六、活化校史室功能；七、積極與外界交流。 / Education is a work of culture transmission and the school is a major place of education. History archives contain the course of social and cultural activities. If school archives can be appropriately kept and organized, we will find more historical treasures, passing down the experiences. “Case study method” is used in the research. There are eleven high schools in different districts which are conducted by a sample survey from fifty-nine high schools established before 1945. This research is done with hope to understand management and application of these archives at these schools, to sum up the faced problems and to propose resolutions for school archives workers. Based on the results of the research, the conclusions are as follows: 1. School archives jobs do not have professional staffs, often regarded as extra work load. 2. School lack institutionalized rules of school archives management. 3. School archives are mostly used for exhibit, research and conducting school history education. 4. School archives management is lack of professional ability. 5. School archives rooms are not fully functional in all schools Finally, with regard to the above mentioned results, seven recommendations are proposed: 1. Set a professional staff responsible for school archives 2. Form a school archives and control system, set a schedule and a goal, and let staff know the contents and objects of the work when taking over from the other staff 3. Form school archives room’s develop policy, enrich contents and avoid excessive collection 4. Form metadata of collection’s description 5. Strengthen professional manpower and management 6. Activate function of school archives room 7. Communicate with outside school positively

古老的契字文書，是先民處理種種物權和債權的記錄，為歷史過程中的有機產物，也是反映民間社會生活的重要文獻；無論是開墾、買賣、租佃、典貸或在家產分配時，都需依據土地契約作為最基本的證據。透過契約文書的解讀，我們可以從不同的角度，暸解先民來台開墾的過程、家族的成長以及土著族群為何喪失土地產權等類的歷史問題。 本研究採用「深度訪談法」與「實地調查法」進行研究，主要調查訪談對象包括：中央研究院台灣史研究所、中央研究院民族學研究所、宜蘭縣史館、國史館台灣文獻館、國立中央圖書館台灣分館、國立臺灣大學圖書館、國立故宮博物院、國家圖書館等，共八所機構。 本研究將以實地調查之方式，至古地契之典藏單位蒐集資料；瞭解各單位典藏古地契之特色、重點。深入訪談以古地契典藏單位中的實務工作者為對象，透過訪談進一步瞭解各單位之古地契資源管理現況為何，以及其相關推廣活動與相關建議。 據研究發現，提出結論如下：一、各典藏機構所藏古地契之特色不明顯，主題容易有重疊的現象；二、各典藏機構古地契徵集方式以捐贈、購買為主；三、各典藏機構所持分類方式不盡相同；四、古地契目錄建置現況以線上目錄較為普遍；五、古地契編目欄位視各館需求而異；六、古地契推廣應用主要有三種模式，即（一）策劃展覽活動；（二）印製刊物發行；（三）舉辦相關研討會，整理相關建議後另提出將古地契檔案融入史學教育之中，或進一步作數位化整合與加值。 針對前述研究結果提出建議：一、促請各典藏機構制訂館藏發展政策；二、建置理想之古地契分類模式；三、建立全國性古地契目錄檢索機制；四、推廣利用古地契檔案，使其使用與重視大幅提昇；五、建立古地契檔案之共享與合作機制，使古地契達到有效整理、確實運用的境界。 【關鍵詞】 古地契 檔案 契據文書 契約 / The ancient land deeds are organic documents that resulted from the historical course. They record how the ancient people dealt with all sorts of property and creditor's right, and they reflect the people's social life, too. When the people cultivated their land, bought or sold things, rented out objects, and divided their family properties, they needed these ancient land deeds as the most important evidences. Through the understanding of the ancient land deeds, we can use different perspectives to know how the ancient people cultivated Taiwan, how the families developed, and why the aborigines lost the property rights of their land. Our research adopts the in-depth interview and the investigation methods. The main selected cases include: 1. Institute of Taiwan History, Academia Sinica; 2. Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica; 3. Institute of Yilan County History; 4. Taiwan Historica; 5. National Central Library Taiwan Branch; 6. National Taiwan University Library; 7. National Palace Museum; 8. National Central library. At first, our research uses the investigation method to collect the information from these eight organizations to understand the characteristics and features of the ancient land deeds placed in these organizations. Then, our research used the in-depth interview method to inquire archivists who arrange ancient land deeds about how they manage these ancient land deeds and what their viewpoints and suggestions are for promoting these ancient land deeds. According to our findings, the conclusions are: 1. there are overlaps of the features of the ancient land deeds among these eight organizations; 2. Most of these organizations collect ancient land deeds mainly by donations and purchases; 3. the classification methods are different among these organization; 4. the on-line catalogization of the ancient land deeds is more popular; 5. the catalog items vary from different demands of these organization; 6.The main approaches to promote the ancient land deeds are: (1)exhibitions; (2)publications; (3)relevant seminarsthat purpose toarrange relevant proposals and bring up some ideas, including: (1) applying the ancient land deeds to the history studies; (2) digitalizing the deeds integrally to add value. Finally, based on the results of our research, several suggestions are made: 1. establishing the collection development policy; 2. setting up an ideal model of classification in ancient land deeds; 3. Building the retrieval mechanism of the catalog of the ancient land deeds; 4. promoting the use of the ancient land deeds to increase the use and arouse the attention for these files; 5. setting up the sharing and cooperation of the ancient land deeds to make the utilization and management of ancient land deeds more effective.

This dissertation explores some of the conditions of possibility underpinning contemporary breast cancer discourse, which is imbued with harsh moral, social and spiritual nuance. I have therefore explored a set of questions concerned with the past state of things in breast cancer care that laid the foundation for present approaches. I wanted to know how it became possible to speak what we now regard as the only truth about breast cancer. I wanted to understand how this truth was determined; who determined it, and who or what gave them the right to assert that their truth was the only truth. I wanted to acquire insight into the ways that thinking about and managing breast cancer based on this truth came to dominate the post-modern consciousness (rather than other, perhaps equally valid ways). And if it was possible, I wanted to open up a space for thinking differently about breast cancer. Finally, I wanted to test the fit of the ideas of the philosopher-historian, Michel Foucault, to these questions. Foucault's notions of discontinuity, discipline, the gaze, normalising judgements and to a lesser extent, some aspects of power/knowledge and the ethics of the self are here tested on the surgical archive of breast cancer, which housed the discourse that best represented Western societal beliefs about the disease, and which had been invested by society with the greatest authority in its conception and management. The analytic framework - modes of consciousness - suggested by Foucault provided a coherent structure with which to explore the archive. I found that there are numerous elements in the archive instrumental in cementing the conditions of possibility for breast cancer discourse in our own time. This dissertation demonstrates that, as is the case in the present day, these were based on unstable truths about breast cancer that were a result of a complex of sociocultural and political norms rather than an objective truth.

This dissertation analyses academic military history and the writing of the World Wars in Canada. While there have been hundreds of books devoted to Canada???s role in the World Wars, few historians have examined the writing of that same history, or the archival records that were used to construct these narratives. It has been the official historians of the Department of National Defence who, for much of the twentieth century, have controlled the historical writing of the World Wars, and that military history has been narrowly defined as the history of military operations. Training, administrating and operational war-fighting remained the focus. Only recently have academic military historians pushed the discipline of military history to explore the impact of the World Wars on Canadian society. Nonetheless, it remains the publications of A.F. Duguid, C.P. Stacy, Gilbert Tucker, Fred Hitchins, Joseph Schull, and more recent official historians that provide the central narrative when examining the writing on Canada???s World Wars. An exploration of key historians and their works reveals historical themes underpinning how memory and narrative of the World Wars has been constructed within historical writing. The official historians were the guardians of memory and controllers of the past. Caught within the battles of reputations that followed the World Wars, they were forced to carefully navigate through these contested issues. Laying an interpretative frame-work, the official historians allowed subsequent generations to build upon and rework their findings, through writing their histories but also by acting as the archivists for their respective services. While the official histories have their flaws, they are also exceptionally important foundational studies that deserve greater attention and study in their own right.

Le corps, trouvé dans un état d'oscillation structurelle et identitaire devient une matière qu'on manipule à travers des gestes routiniers, qu'on soumet aux actions invasives qui altèrent parfois de manière radicale l'apparence, allant jusqu'à la perte de toute ressemblance. L'imago, concept issu de la psychanalyse, introduit par Jung, traite la question de la construction de l'image de soi et par la suite de l'identité, dans un rapport du soi à l'autre, d'ego face à l'alter. C'est une relation qui agence des tensions, où le corps se multiplie, se fragmente, devient déchet, vieillesse, mort. Sa présence est amplifiée visuellement, mais son caractère individuel s'efface, devenant le signe d'une absence. Ayant comme point de départ ma propre pratique artistique, je mets en question la pratique de la récupération des restes pelliculaires du corps (organiques ou synthétiques) à la manière qu'on cherche, par l'accumulation d'objets personnels, à combattre l'oubli. J'interroge la capacité dont les restes (empreintes, traces, poils) issus des pratiques corporelles, ayant donc un caractère répulsif, ont de redonner un sens de la forme initiale et peut-être aussi une histoire. Reposant sur les principes de la collection, la conservation du corps traitée dans mes œuvres (installations, vidéos et objets) interpelle le regardeur en tant que conscientisation de sa propre fluctuation et dissolution formelle et identitaire, et et fait ressortir ses attitudes face à la disparition. Les notions de temps et de mémoire interviennent dans le discours, analysant les prises de position des artistes contemporains par rapport au corps, à l'objet, à l'identité et à la mémoire. / The body, existing in a state of structural and identity oscillation becomes a substance to be manipulated through routine gestures, subjected to invasive actions that may alter its appearance as radical as losing all resemblance. The imago, a concept from psychoanalysis introduced by Jung, addresses the issue of the construction of self-image and consequently of identity in the way the self exists in relationship with the other, the ego in relation to the alter. This sort of relation creates a tension, and the body is thus multiplied or fragmented, it becomes waste, it ages, it dies. Its presence is visually amplified, but its individuality is erased, becoming a sign of absence. Having as a starting point my own artistic practice, I discuss the manner in which recuperating thin layers of the body's surface (be they organic or synthetic) may act in the same way in fighting oblivion as does accumulating personal objects. I debate the capacity in which the bodily remains (such as hair, fingerprints, traces) resulted from aggressive actions towards the body, that have a repulsive appearance, can give a sense of the original shape and maybe even a history. Founded on the principals of the collection, the issue of body preservation as dealt with in my works (varying from installations, videos and objects) challenges the audience both by making it aware of its own structural and identity fluctuation, and by and emphasizing its attitudes towards disappearance. The concepts of time and memory enter this topic, analyzing the positions taken by contemporary artists in relation with the body, the object, identity and memory.

[pt] Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a visualização eficiente de figuras grandes,tais como mapas e desenhos CAD. Essas figuras são normalmente formadas por um grande número de objetos gráficos que, em geral, são predominantemente poligonais com muitos pontos. Em computação gráfica, as técnicas convencionais de se desenhar figuras não são capazes de oferecer tempos de resposta interativos quando elas são aplicadas a um grande volume de dados. Portanto, é necessário utilizar mecanismos apropriados para acelerar esse processo.É feita uma rápida descrição dos objetos gráficos e dos métodos de acesso espaciais.Em seguida, são propostos métodos para armazenar e recuperar eficientemente conjuntos de objetos gráficos bidimensionais em um meio de armazenamento secundário. Esses métodos utilizam estruturas de dados persistentes compostas por uma R-tree, V-trees e Quadtrees. A fim de demonstrar a eficiência das soluções propostas,são mostrados experimentos feitos com dados geográficos reais. / [en] This work presents a study about the efficient visualization of big figures, such as maps and CAD drawings. These figures are normally formed by a big graphical objects number that, generally, are predominantly polygon with many dots. In graphical computation, the conventional techniques of drawing figures are not capable to offer time of interactive reply when they are applied to a great volume of data. Therefore, it is necessary to use appropriate mechanisms in order to make the process faster. A description of graphical objects and of the espacial access methods is done. Then, they it is considered methods to store and to restore efficiently joints of bidimensional graphical objects in a way of secondary storage. These methods use composed structures of persistent data for a R-tree, V-trees and Quadtrees. In order to demonstrate the efficiency of the solutions proposed, experiments made with real geographic data are shown.