O presente estudo analisa as transformações por que o Bólide passa no decurso da obra de Hélio Oiticica, na qual assume diferentes aspectos de 1963 a 1980. Pode-se dizer que, mais do que configurar objetos ou mesmo proposições, o Bólide oferece possibilidades abertas a um comportamento criativo. Ele é parte constitutiva de uma dinâmica própria ao Programa de Oiticica que redimensiona e rearticula seus elementos continuamente; é na particularidade dessa dinâmica que deve ser abordado. No processo experimental do artista, a cada inscrição, o Bólide instaura uma nova significação ele possui tantas significações quantas foram suas inscrições , de modo que estudá-lo implica restabelecer constantemente articulações de significados. Primeiramente, então, o estudo aborda os Bólides cujas estruturas estão vinculadas às experiências do artista com a cor. Entende-se que essas peças ampliam os limites formais do objeto por meio do corpo da cor. Num segundo momento, a análise incide sobre os Bólides configurados a partir de materiais retirados do contexto local, tais como brita, conchas e lata. A especificidade desses elementos, conjugada com uma estrutura formal aberta, reforça o anseio de Oiticica por instaurar uma experiência artística de cunho autônomo. Em seguida, o estudo dedica-se aos Bólides relacionados com os conceitos de suprasensorial e crelazer, que se estruturam como extensões do corpo do participador e podem atingir a escala arquitetônica. Por fim, são abordados o Para-bólide e os Contra-bólides, que trazem uma nova dimensão a essa ordem propositiva. / This study analyzes the transformations that the Bólide (Fireball) undergoes throughout the work of Hélio Oiticica, when from 1963 to 1980, it takes on different aspects. It can be said that more that shaping objects or even proposals, the Bólide discloses new possibilities for a creative behavior. The Bólide is a component of dynamics inherent to Oiticicas program that continuously reshape and rearticulate its elements. It is in the peculiarity of these dynamics that it should be approached. Studying them involves a constant renewal of new mingling of meanings. First then, the study approaches the Bólides whose structures are tied to the artists experiences with color. It is perceived that these pieces expand the formal boundaries of the object by means of the body of color. In a second instance, analysis focuses on the Bólides fashioned from materials taken from the local context such as gravel, shells and tin. The specificity of these elements together with an open formal structure strengthens Oiticicas craving to implant an artistic experience with an autonomous imprint. From then on, the study is centered on the Bólides related with concepts of supersensorial and creleisure, which are structured as extensions of the participants body and may attain an architectural scale. And finally, the Para-bólide and the Contra-bólides that bring forth a new dimension to this proposed order are approached.

Este trabalho cria um diálogo entre dois movimentos literários de vanguarda surgidos nos anos vinte do século passado no Peru e no Brasil: por um lado, a vanguarda indigenista de Puno dirigida por Gamaliel Churata, que afirmava tanto sua identidade regional e étnica, como os procedimentos vanguardistas empregados para expressá-la; e, por outro lado, seu contemporâneo brasileiro, a Antropofagia de Oswald de Andrade, que desde a metrópole paulista reunia elementos semelhantes (o indígena e o impulso vanguardista) com distintos propósitos. A tese pretende refletir sobre a imagem do indígena elaborada por ambos os movimentos nas revistas Boletín Titikaka e Revista de Antropofagia e que está subjacente em El pez de oro de Churata e em Serafim Ponte Grande de Andrade; esta imagem foi usada como plataforma simbólica a partir da qual enfrentar as configurações históricas, literárias e sociais hegemônicas, e elaborar um projeto de modernidade nacional. Os limites e aporias de ambos os programas, que falavam através de uma voz emprestada e ausente, não ressaltados com a intenção de mostrar as contradições da sociedade em que foram gestados. / The present work creates a dialogue between two literary avant-garde movementes that emerged in the twenties of last century in Peru and Brazil: on the one hand, the avant-garde\'s indigenismo of Puno directed by Gamaliel Churata, that claimed both their regional and ethnic identity, as the procedures avant-garde use to express it; and, on the other hand, his Brazilian contemporary, the Oswald de Andrade\'s Anthropophagy, who from the São Paulo metropolis brought together similar elements (the indigenous and the avant-garde impulse) with different intentions. The thesis intends to discuss the indigenous\'s picture drawn by both movements in the journals Boletín Titikaka and Revista de Antropofagia and present in El pez de oro by Churata and Serafim Ponte Grande by Andrade; this image was used as a symbolic platform which deal with historical, literary and perplexities of both programs, which spoke through an absent voise, are underlined with the intention of showing the contradictions of their society.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo o mapeamento do espaço que ocupa Terayama Shūji, poeta, escritor, dramaturgo e diretor de cinema japonês, frente ao período histórico a que pertenceu e frente às teorias da vanguarda e do pós-modernismo. A investigação se inicia com o período do pós-guerra no Japão, quando em meio a protestos e ansiedades políticas, floresce na capital do país uma nova vanguarda artística. O primeiro capítulo é dedicado a um exame do teatro angura e da nova onda do cinema, dois movimentos dos quais Terayama fez parte. Procura-se então delinear suas propostas artísticas e suas principais influências, japonesas e estrangeiras, examinando como seu trabalho se aproxima ou se afasta do paradigma pós-moderno conforme teorizado principalmente por Fredric Jameson, mas levando em conta reflexões sobre as aplicações desse conceito especificamente no Japão. Por fim, o último capítulo se debruçará sobre dois longas-metragens do diretor Joguem seus livros, vamos às ruas, de 1971, e Pastoral: Morrer no campo, de 1974 de modo a encontrar exemplos do seu caráter experimental, subversivo, de sua insurreição contra as instituições da família e do Estado e de suas complexas relações com a política, a história, o pastiche e a espetacularização. / This research aims at mapping the space occupied by Terayama Shūji, a Japanese poet, playwright and filmmaker, in his historical context and in relation to avant-garde and postmodernism theories. The investigation begins with postwar Tokyo, when amid protests and a climate of political anxiety, a new avant-garde movement starts to flourish. The first chapter is dedicated to an examination of the angura theatre and the Japanese new wave, two of the movements Terayama was part of. We shall then trace his general artistic views and main influences, Japanese and foreign, examining how they relate to postmodern characteristics as theorized mainly by Fredric Jameson, but also inquiring at how this very concept can apply to the Japanese context. In the last chapter, we shall take two of Terayamas feature films Throw Away Your Books, Rally In The Streets and Pastoral: To Die in The Country for further analysis, in order to find more specific examples of his experimental and subversive character, his rejection of the institutions of family and the State, and his complex relationship with politics, history, pastiche and spectacularization.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a relação que a peça Musik für Renaissance-Instrumente (1966), de Mauricio Kagel (1931-2008), estabelece com o material musical da tradição e das vanguardas, na segunda metade do século 20. A partir da definição de material musical em Adorno investigaremos historicamente a crítica que se delineia em sua peça com relação às posturas estéticas em questão. Este trabalho pretende refletir criticamente sobre o sentido do movimento de interpretação historicamente informada e dos movimentos de vanguarda, identificando suas convergências e afinidades estéticas. Por fim, nosso objetivo é traçar o sentido estético e filosófico da obra de Kagel no contexto musical de sua emergência, buscando refletir sobre a importância de sua obra para o contexto atual de produção musical. / The aim of this research is to analyze the relation established by Mauricio Kagel\'s Musik für Renaissance-Instrumente with traditional musical material and also with material built by the musical avant-garde from the second half of the 20th century. Based on the definition of musical material in Theodor Adorno\'s philosophy we also intend to investigate through historical perspective how Kagel\'s criticism in composition applies to both of the aforementioned tendencies. Furthermore a critical assessment of the historical interpretation movement as well as of the avant-garde has been carried out, with the main purpose of establishing their mutual aesthetical affinities. Lastly, our foremost objective was to outline the meaning of Kagel\'s composition in the context of its appearance, in order to ponder about its importance for contemporary context of musical production.

I denna uppsats har kontaktytorna mellan det sublima och det absurda undersökts utifrån hur Lyotard och Camus definierar respektive begrepp. Uppsatsen har utgått från en forskningssituation där få jämförelser mellan dessa begrepp – som i sig kan te sig undflyende och vaga – verkar finnas. Syftet med undersökningen har således varit att låta nya perspektiv på de båda begreppen träda fram genom deras relation till varandra. Utifrån jämförelsen mellan det sublima och det absurda kan det konstateras att det tycks finnas klara kontaktytor mellan begreppen. Dessa kontaktytor har yttrat sig genom att begreppen delar likheter i följande avseenden: (1) de är båda negativa begrepp, (2) de innefattar liknande kritik mot rationalism, (3) båda begreppen innefattar moment av en för subjektet inledande känsla av hämmande som övergår i en stärkande känsla, (4) de påvisar distansen mellan subjektet och världen, (5) båda innefattar liknande anspråk på konsten som ett slags materialiserad form av deras egen innebörd. Utöver dessa direkta kopplingar uppmärksammades att det Camus kort beskriver som ”känslan av det absurda” kan ses som analogt med det sublima, vilket skulle kunna innebära att den absurda insikten, såsom Camus beskriver den är direkt kopplad till en sublim känsla. Alla dessa aspekter hänger förvisso samman, men det intressanta är att Lyotard och Camus skriver om dem på liknande vis i sina respektive texter. Relationen mellan begreppen kan således uttydas inte endast i generella, utan i specifika likheter.

Pendant soixante-dix ans, de 1945 à 2015, les artistes italiens ont, à travers leurs œuvres, mené un travail de mémoire. Entre une génération née avant le Fascisme, une alors qu'il est à l'apogée de sa puissance impérialiste, une autre après la guerre et enfin une génération de jeunes artistes nés trente ans après la fin du conflit, les mémoires singulières et collectives se bousculent. L'objectif de cette recherche est de reconstruire l'histoire de ces témoignages sur un passé vécu ou pas, et de donner les outils pour comprendre les conditions de leur genèse. Parler de la mémoire à travers des œuvres d'art est une expression intime, singulière, mais également un acte éminemment politique. Les manipulations de la mémoire du Fascisme influencent-elles tout au long de la période la création sur le sujet ? Quelles postures les artistes adoptent-ils face aux problématiques soulevées par une redéfinition du danger fasciste alors que la dictature est officiellement terminée ? Quelles formes plastiques sont données à ces remémorations et réactualisations ? / Over a period spanning 70 years, 1945 through 2015, ltalian artists carried out a "memory" endeavour for those generations that were bom before the fascist era, during the period of its highest imperialistic aims, during the aftermath of the war, and even for the generation of those artists bom 30 years after the end of the war. As a result, a multitude of individual and collective memories had emerged. This work aims to reconstruct and track the history of these memories (whether or not actually experienced by the artist), and to provide the tools to understand the genesis ofthese memories. Analysing "memory" through art pieces is an intimate, singular, and political act. To what extent fascist memory manipulations affect artistic creations? How do the artists react and position themselves, once confronted with the problems of re-defining "Fascism", after the dictatorship fell? Which new "plastic forms" emerge from these new adaptations of individual and collective memories? / Durante settant'anni, dal 1945 al 2015, gli artisti italiani, attraverso le loro opere, hanno svolto un lavoro di memoria. Fra una generazione nata prima del Fascismo, una nata quando questo è al culmine della sua potenza imperialista, un'altra nata dopo la guerra e infine una generazione di giovani artisti nati trent'anni dopo la fine del conflitto, le memorie individuali e collettive si affollano. L'obiettivo di questa ricerca è di ricostruire la storia di queste testimonianze su un passato, vissuto o no, e di fomire gli strumenti per capire le condizioni della loro genesi. Parlare della memoria attraverso le opere d'arte è un'espressione intima, singolare, ma allo stesso tempo un atto eminentemente politico. Nel periodo preso in esame, le manipolazioni della memoria del Fascismo influenzano la creazione su questo tema? Quai è la posizione degli artisti di fronte alle problematiche nate da una ridefinizione del pericolo fascista, sebbene la dittatura sia ufficialmente caduta? Quali forme plastiche son date a queste rimemorazioni e riattualizzazioni?

Critique et historien de l’art autodidacte, mais aussi éditeur, galeriste, commissaire d’exposition, expert, courtier et infatigable homme de terrain, Julius Meier-Graefe (1867-1935) joua un rôle prééminent dans le monde de l’art européen des trente premières années du XXe siècle. Basé sur l’examination d’archives et de correspondances inédites ainsi que sur une relecture attentive de son vaste corpus d’écrits publiés, ce travail entend retracer la trajectoire d’un passeur téméraire souvent réduit à un rôle de défenseur de l’impressionnisme français dans l’Allemagne de Guillaume II. Si son progressisme francophile tout comme le formalisme de son approche des arts visuels ont parfois été soulignés, l’analyse détaillée de son implication dans le marché de l’art, le monde des musées et plus généralement, dans les débats politico-culturels de son temps, révèle une personnalité plus nuancée. Bien que méfiant envers les fantasmes identitaires des élites allemandes conservatrices, Meier-Graefe lutta sans répit pour un nationalisme d’ouverture, espérant infléchir le cours d’une culture germanique disloquée et hostile aux valeurs de la modernité. En suivant la carrière de cet Allemand cosmopolite, brutalement cisaillée par la Grande Guerre et achevée en France en exil du nazisme, cette thèse entend décrypter les mécanismes d’un projet de régénération culturelle ambitieux, impliquant actes et discours. Alternant entre phases d’enthousiasme intense et de profond désenchantement, Meier-Graefe s’y dévoile comme le chantre d’une modernité idéalisée dont il condamna obstinément les embardées avant-gardistes. / Self-taught art critic and historian, but also publisher, gallery owner, curator, expert, broker and tireless field man, Julius Meier-Graefe (1867-1935) played a prominent role in the European art world of the early 20th century. Based on a close study of numerous archives and letters, as well as a careful rereading of his vast body of published work, this dissertation endeavours to retrace the life of a reckless facilitator, whose career is too often reduced to the role of “importer” of modern French art in Germany. If Meier-Graefe has been frequently identified through his progressive francophile positions and formalistic viewpoints on visual arts, a detailed analysis of his involvement in the art market and institutions—and more broadly, in the political/cultural debates of his time—reveals a richer personality. Wary of the identity concerns shared by conservative elites of the Empire, he vigorously encouraged a “positive” nationalism, hoping to adjust the course of a fragmented Germanic culture hostile to the values of modernity. Tracing the steps of a cosmopolitan German whose path was brutally affected by the outbreak of World War I, this essay examines the mechanisms of his ambitious project of cultural regeneration, involving both action and discourse. Jostled between phases of enthusiasm and deep disillusionment, Meier-Graefe emerges as the champion of an idealized modernism, whose avant-garde experiments he nevertheless severely condemned.

The advanced stage of capitalism that we now live in has brought many changes to the way that society consumes and produces. One of the biggest shifts to the modern economy was the use of visual culture to distract, pacify, and exert power over the masses; a cultural change French theorist Guy Debord named the Society of the Spectacle. As a result, Debord and the Situationist International developed a movement of resistance to reclaim the territories of everyday life being eroded by the spectacle through separation and alienation. Since the term was coined the use of visual culture has accelerated and become even more pervasive in the postmodern world which led Jean Baudrillard to claim that the real has been replaced by simulation and hyperreality. This thesis explores this cultural shift to determine whether the practices of resistance theorized by Debord and the Situationists are still relevant as the reach of postmodernism increases. Link to associated video file: https://vimeo.com/64727252

This thesis closely examines the utilisation of dramatic characters’ comments on matters of literary and theatrical criticism. This phenomenon shaped a trend in European theatre during the first half of the twentieth century, and Egyptian theatre in the second half of the century. My main hypotheses are, firstly, that dramatic characters’ comments on literary and theatrical matters of criticism respond to specific problems that challenge theatre practice. Thus, my reading of literary and theatrical criticism within the dramatic texts studied in my thesis focuses on this criticism’s reformative function to rectify the crisis that faces theatre practice in general, rather than playwrights’ individual motives, such as responding to their critics. Secondly, socio-political, economic, and cultural aspects shape historical circumstances, which influence the current state of the theatre industry. Therefore, although Egyptian plays are noticeably influenced by European metatheatre, Egyptian playwrights utilise these borrowed techniques to highlight specific problems of Egyptian theatre such as the corrupt administration of governmental theatre and censorship. Finally, while Egyptian plays exploit European metatheatrical techniques, Egyptian playwrights claimed their works as a revival of intrinsically anti-illusionist traditional forms of entertainment such as the shadow play and Karagöz. This claim reflected increasing calls for pure Egyptian theatre, as part of the anti-Western jingoistic discourse of the political regime of the 1950s. In order to examine these assumptions, my theoretical approach draws from the fields of metatheatrical studies; literary and performance studies of parody and intertextuality; the history of European and Egyptian theatre; sociological, political and cultural studies; theories of modern criticism, and critical reviews. My contribution to the field of metatheatrical studies is in highlighting the reformative function of literary and theatrical criticism, whether as a discourse or a metatheatrical device, within a group of European plays that belong to different movements of the avant-garde during the first half of the twentieth century. More significantly, my study investigates the same phenomenon in Egyptian plays that, since the 1980s, have gradually been marginalised as fringe theatre and neglected by academic studies.

The Two Etudes: "Harmonies," and "Coulée" and the Volumina of Ligeti were performed following a lecture on avant-garde techniques in organ works of György Ligeti. The lecture included a brief discussion of earlier twentieth century antecedents of new sound materials and concepts, a biographical sketch of Ligeti and general style features of his works. The main body of the lecture included notational methods, specific style features, and performing scores of Ligeti's three organ works. In addition to the lecture recitals three other public recitals were performed which consisted of solo compositions for the organ.