Les trois principales ressources du calcul sont le temps, l'espace et l'énergie, les minimiser constitue un des défis les plus importants de la recherche de la performance des processeurs.Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à un quatrième facteur qui est l'information. L'information a un impact direct sur ces trois facteurs, et nous montrons comment elle contribue ainsi à l'optimisation des performances. Landauer a montré que c’est la destruction - logique - d’information qui coûte de l’énergie, ceci est un résultat fondamental de la thermodynamique en physique. Sous cette hypothèse, un calcul ne consommant pas d’énergie est donc un calcul qui ne détruit pas d’information. On peut toujours retrouver les valeurs d’origine et intermédiaires à tout moment du calcul, le calcul est réversible. L'information peut être portée non seulement par une donnée mais aussi par le processus et les données d’entrée qui la génèrent. Quand un calcul est réversible, on peut aussi retrouver une information au moyen de données déjà calculées et du calcul inverse. Donc, le calcul réversible améliore la localité de l'information. La thèse développe ces idées dans deux directions. Dans la première partie, partant d'un calcul, donné sous forme de DAG (graphe dirigé acyclique), nous définissons la notion de « garbage » comme étant la taille mémoire – le nombre de registres - supplémentaire nécessaire pour rendre ce calcul réversible. Nous proposons un allocateur réversible de registres, et nous montrons empiriquement que le garbage est au maximum la moitié du nombre de noeuds du graphe.La deuxième partie consiste à appliquer cette approche au compromis entre le recalcul (direct ou inverse) et le stockage dans le contexte des supercalculateurs que sont les récents coprocesseurs vectoriels et parallèles, cartes graphiques (GPU, Graphics Processing Unit), processeur Cell d’IBM, etc., où le fossé entre temps d’accès à la mémoire et temps de calcul ne fait que s'aggraver. Nous montons comment le recalcul en général, et le recalcul inverse en particulier, permettent de minimiser la demande en registres et par suite la pression sur la mémoire. Cette démarche conduit également à augmenter significativement le parallélisme d’instructions (Cell BE), et le parallélisme de threads sur un multicore avec mémoire et/ou banc de registres partagés (GPU), dans lequel le nombre de threads dépend de manière importante du nombre de registres utilisés par un thread. Ainsi, l’ajout d’instructions du fait du calcul inverse pour la rematérialisation de certaines variables est largement compensé par le gain en parallélisme. Nos expérimentations sur le code de Lattice QCD porté sur un GPU Nvidia montrent un gain de performances atteignant 11%. / The main resources for computation are time, space and energy. Reducing them is the main challenge in the field of processor performance.In this thesis, we are interested in a fourth factor which is information. Information has an important and direct impact on these three resources. We show how it contributes to performance optimization. Landauer has suggested that independently on the hardware where computation is run information erasure generates dissipated energy. This is a fundamental result of thermodynamics in physics. Therefore, under this hypothesis, only reversible computations where no information is ever lost, are likely to be thermodynamically adiabatic and do not dissipate power. Reversibility means that data can always be retrieved from any point of the program. Information may be carried not only by the data but also by the process and input data that generate it. When a computation is reversible, information can also be retrieved from other already computed data and reverse computation. Hence reversible computing improves information locality.This thesis develops these ideas in two directions. In the first part, we address the issue of making a computation DAG (directed acyclic graph) reversible in terms of spatial complexity. We define energetic garbage as the additional number of registers needed for the reversible computation with respect to the original computation. We propose a reversible register allocator and we show empirically that the garbage size is never more than 50% of the DAG size. In the second part, we apply this approach to the trade-off between recomputing (direct or reverse) and storage in the context of supercomputers such as the recent vector and parallel coprocessors, graphical processing units (GPUs), IBM Cell processor, etc., where the gap between processor cycle time and memory access time is increasing. We show that recomputing in general and reverse computing in particular helps reduce register requirements and memory pressure. This approach of reverse rematerialization also contributes to the increase of instruction-level parallelism (Cell) and thread-level parallelism in multicore processors with shared register/memory file (GPU). On the latter architecture, the number of registers required by the kernel limits the number of running threads and affects performance. Reverse rematerialization generates additional instructions but their cost can be hidden by the parallelism gain. Experiments on the highly memory demanding Lattice QCD simulation code on Nvidia GPU show a performance gain up to 11%.

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Studies and Correspondence of the priests-to-be of the Bohemian Brethren in 1610-1618 Markéta Růčková Two wooden boxes were found during the reconstruction of the former Minorite monastery Na Karmeli at Mladá Boleslav in 2006. The boxes concealed the so-called Archives of Matouš Konečný. The Archives contained documents that originated in the office of, or were addressed to, one of the four bishops of the Bohemian Brethren, Matouš Konečný (1569-1622), whose seat was at Mladá Boleslav. A significant part of the discovery consists of correspondence addressed to Bishop Konečný. A substantial part of the correspondence are documents related to the dispatch of young aspiring Brethren priests for study at educational institutions abroad. Along with letters of the students themselves, sent from Bremen and Beuthen an der Oder (Bytom Odrzański in Poland), where the young men attended academic grammar schools (gymnasia illustria), the boxes contain the students' pledges and accounts of their expenditures. The students' reports are supplemented with the correspondence of their teachers. The collection of letters from students and teachers as well as other documents being thus thematically delimited, our principal objective was to perform an analysis of their content and to prepare an edition of the documents....

Personliga data samlas in när vi besöker internetsidor och tillgång till personliga data har snabbt fåttavgörande betydelse för alltfler företags värdeskapande. Därför har metodutveckling för tillgång tillpersonliga data blivit en central del i företags konkurrenskraft. Det medför emellertid stora och riskerför individers personliga integritet. För att motverka sådana risker infördes 2018 den europeiskadataskyddsförordningen (GDPR). Vår analys visar att GDPR ger ett stort tolkningsutrymme för hurföretag informerar om datainsamling via cookie-notifikationer. Utformningen varierar därför kraftigtoch designas ofta för att styra användare mot att acceptera datainsamling. Vår analys visar att eneffekt av GDPR är att antalet cookie-notifikationer ökat avsevärt och att individers medvetenhet omoch oro inför hur personliga data samlas in och används har ökat efter GDPR:s införande. Däremotpekar våra resultat på att GDPR inte haft några betydande effekter på användares beteende när detgäller att aktivt skydda sina personliga data. De viktigaste skälen till att GDPR inte haft några effekterpå användarnas beteende för att skydda sina personliga data är att det är alltför tidskrävande och svårt.Vår analys visar därför att det så kallade “informerade samtycket” till insamling av personliga datainte effektivt uppnås trots GDPR:s införande. Vår slutsats för fortsatt forskning är att det är angelägetmed fördjupad forskning kring obalanser mellan individer, företag och reglerande myndigheterkopplat till hur personliga data samlas in, sammanställs och används. / The collection of personal data has become a crucial part of companies value creation. Because ofthat, the development of methods to get access to power over the personal data has become a centralpart in the competitiveness between companies. This has resulted in risks and concerns concerningindividual privacy. To counteract these risks, the European Union introduced the General dataProtection Regulation (GDPR). Our analysis shows that one effect of the GDPR is an increased usageof cookie-notifications when informing users of data collection. Our analysis also shows that theregulation has room for interpretation for how the companies inform the user about data collectionpractices. That has resulted in varied design methods in cookie-notifications that often steer userstowards an acceptance of collection of personal data. Because of the increased usage of cookienotificationsusers awareness and privacy concerns has drastically increased. However, our findingsshow that the regulation hasn’t had an effect on user behavior, specifically connected to protectingtheir personal data online. The main reasons for this are that it takes a lot of effort and time tocomprehend how that is done practically. Therefore, our analysis shows that “informed consent” isnot effectively achieved in the current methods, despite it being required in the regulation. Ourconclusion is therefore that future research should focus on the imbalance between individuals,companies and regulatory instances when addressing the problems with collection and usage of personal data.

Émile Durkheims "Formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse" (1912) zählen zu den "Klassikern" der Religionssoziologie und Durkheim selbst unbestritten zu den "Gründungsvätern" der Disziplin. In der umfangreichen Sekundärliteratur zu Durkheim und seinem "Meisterwerk" hat die kritische Rezeption des Werks bislang jedoch nur wenig Betrachtung gefunden. Die vorliegende Arbeit präsentiert einen systematischen Überblick der theologischen Rezeption des Werks zwischen 1912 bis 1930 im französischsprachigen Kontext. Insofern Durkheims Studie bewusst als wissenschaftlicher Schlag gegen traditionelle Religionsverständnisse gedacht war und einen gezielten Beitrag zu den aufgeheizten Diskussionen über neue Ansätze der Religionsforschung darstellte, bilden die kritischen Auseinandersetzungen der Theologen die Dispute über die Deutungshoheiten innerhalb der Religionsforschung zum Entstehungskontext des Werks verdichtet ab. Mit der Aufarbeitung der kritischen Rezeption vor dem Hintergrund zeitgenössischer Debatten innerhalb des französischen Wissenschaftskontextes und der (katholischen) Theologie wird der "soziologische Klassiker" in seine intellektuellen Entstehungskontexte zurückgeführt. Dieser Blick auf das Werk als historischer Debattenbeitrag erlaubt, gegenwärtige "Gründungsnarrative" sowie soziologiegeschichtliche Kanonbildung kritisch zu hinterfragen. Dabei wird erkennbar, dass der komplexe Gründungsprozess der Soziologie in Frankreich nicht allein auf die herausragenden Arbeiten eines Einzelnen zurückgeführt werden kann, sondern der kollaborative Charakter des Gründens stärker herausgestellt werden muss. Daneben sind auch die notwendigen institutionellen und intellektuellen Bedingungen für die erfolgreiche "Gründung" der Religionssoziologie zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts anzuerkennen. / Émile Durkheim’s 'Formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse' (1912) counts as one of the 'classics' of sociology of religion, while Durkheim himself is undisputedly considered one of the 'founding fathers' of the discipline. Despite extensive secondary literature on Durkheim and his 'masterpiece', the critical reception of his work has received comparatively little attention. This dissertation presents a systematic overview of the theological reception of the work between 1912 and 1930 in the Frenchspeaking context. Durkheim’s study was intended as an attack against traditional understandings of religion and also contributed to heated discussions about new approaches to the study of religion. Therefore, the critical reception from theologians during the publishing context provides important insight into disputes about sovereignties within the study of religion. By reappraising the reception against the backdrop of historical debates within the French scientific community and (Catholic) theology, the 'sociological classic' is returned to its original intellectual context. Considering the book as a historical contribution to debates allows us to critically question contemporary 'founding narratives', as well as canon formation within the sociology of religion. In doing so, it becomes apparent that the complex founding process of sociology in France cannot be attributed solely to the outstanding work of one individual, instead one must emphasise the collaborative nature of founding. In addition, the necessary institutional and intellectual conditions for the successful 'founding' of the sociology of religion at the beginning of the 20th century must also be acknowledged.

This diploma thesis deals with the power of language and the relation between language and thought, perception and experience. The topic is viewed through the "Respektovat a být respektován" (To Respect and To Be Respected) educational method. The main assumption of this method is that the way the parent communicates with the child affects educational success as well as the behaviour of the child and the values and attitude he or she will have as an adult. This premise is empirically tested by interviews with parents and observations in families, which show how the specific way of communication (which is based on particular grammatical and pragmatic rules) influences the behaviour and experience of both the child and the parent.

Diploma thesis The Right to be Forgotten on the Internet applies to the functions of Internet search engines, search algorithms and the impact of the digital footprint that on the Internet user essentially leaves. With this issue is, on the one hand, inseparably linked the protection of personal data in the online environment, on the other hand the constitutionally enshrined right to information and other fundamental rights. Not ignored should be also the risk of censorship of the Internet. An application of the right to be forgotten adds a whole new dimension to this problems. The right to be forgotten is inferred from the judgment of the European Court of Justice on 13 May 2014 in the case Costeja versus Google Spain, where an Internet user named Mario Costeja Gonzáles first succeeded with a request of removal of unflattering information about himself from results of the search engine Google. Thus a reform precedent will have a big impact on seeking information on the Internet in the future, since the pronouncement of the judgment about the removal of his personal data may ask any European Internet user. The thesis aims to analyze the issue of right to be forgotten in the context of searching for information on the Internet in the European Internet environment - it means not to be searched on the...

We describe the large-time moment asymptotics for the parabolic Anderson model where the speed of the diffusion is coupled with time, inducing an acceleration or deceleration. We find a lower critical scale, below which the mass flow gets stuck. On this scale, a new interesting variational problem arises in the description of the asymptotics. Furthermore, we find an upper critical scale above which the potential enters the asymptotics only via some average, but not via its extreme values. We make out altogether five phases, three of which can be described by results that are qualitatively similar to those from the constant-speed parabolic Anderson model in earlier work by various authors. Our proofs consist of adaptations and refinements of their methods, as well as a variational convergence method borrowed from finite elements theory.

Разработать методические подходы и практический инструментарий для решения задач предприятий оказывающих информационно-консультационные услуги и управляющих разработкой продуктов. Методы исследования: В качестве методологического инструментария в данной работе были использованы: маркетинговые инструменты, в том числе традиционные подходы; инструменты проектного управления (Календарное планирование, методы оценки рисков, методы снижения рисков, метод структурной декомпозиция и т.д.); инструменты современных концепций интернет маркетинга Карта путешествия потребителя, метод JTBD, формула прибыли). Краткие выводы работы: В ходе работы разработан проект на основе нового метода «Карта путешествия потребителей», который будет использован при управлении процессом вывода на рынок нового продукта с сфере информационно-консультационных услуг. Данный проект может быть типовым для дальнейших новых проектов предприятия Деловой Квартал. Проект и его данные могут быть использованы другими компаниями, которые занимаются управленческой деятельностью по выводу на рынок новых продуктов в сфере информационно-консультационных услуг. / To develop methodological approaches and practical tools for solving the problems of enterprises providing information and consulting services and managing product development. Research methods: As the methodological tools in this work were used: - marketing tools, including traditional approaches; project management tools (scheduling, risk assessment methods, risk reduction methods, structural decomposition method, etc.); tools of modern concepts of internet marketing Consumer travel map, JTBD method, profit formula). Brief conclusions of the work: In the course of the work, a project was developed on the basis of the new method “Consumer Travel Map”, which will be used to manage the process of launching a new product on the market with information and consulting services. This project may be typical for further new projects of the Business Quarter enterprise. The project and its data can be used by other companies that are engaged in management activities to bring to the market new products in the field of information and consulting services.

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