Research shows evidence of overrepresentation of culturally and linguistically diverse children enrolled in special education services, a positive correlation between parent involvement and academic success, and a plethora of barriers impeding active 6 parent participation in IEP development. Barriers include language, culture, low income, . and school climate and team dynamics. The aim of this study was to explore: (a) In what ways do special education teachers engage with culturally and linguistically diverse families from low-income homes in the IEP development process? (b) In what ways do special education teachers address culturally and linguistically diverse children's educational needs while also addressing both legal and workplace expectations? (c) In what ways do special education teachers develop IEPs with culturally and linguistically diverse families from low-income homes addressing both legal and workplace expectations? These questions were addressed qualitatively utilizing Moustakas's heuristic inquiry. Deductively exploring themes using Lipsky's street-level bureaucracy framework exposed challenges special education teachers in this study had addressing both legal and workplace expectations, such as meeting IDEA 2004 mandates. With a systems theory approach, themes and subthemes were identified as being interconnected. Power imbalances between stakeholders and socioeconomic differences across families appeared to be the most prolific barriers impeding parent participation. Inductive analysis explored emergent and uncovered themes elucidating what it meant to be a special education teacher.

Studien har som syfte att utveckla förståelse och kunskap om biståndshandläggares agerande inom äldreomsorgen. Studien avser att belysa och fördjupa förståelsen för dilemman och svårigheter som kan uppstå i handläggningsprocessen samt hur dessa kan hanteras. Studien teoretiska ansats utgår från gräsrotsbyråkrati samt olika copingstrategier och etiska aspekter. Det empiriska materialet har inhämtats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med biståndshandläggare. Resultatet påvisar att de upplevda svårigheterna finns i samverkan, inom organisationens struktur samt arbetet med kunder och deras anhöriga. Biståndshandläggare hanterar dessa svårigheter genom kollegialt stöd samt från kollegor och närmaste chef. Vidare framkommer att biståndshandläggare är omfattande. Individen behöver hantera flera saker samtidigt. Deras upplevelse är att det inte alltid finns tillräckligt med resurser för att utföra sitt arbete på ett tillfredsställande sätt. / The purpose of this study is to expand the understanding and knowledge of the professional role of Social service officers in elderly care. The study intends to shed light on and deepen the understanding of the dilemmas and difficulties that may arise in the trial process and how these could be handled. The study’s theoretical approach is based on street-level bureaucracy as well as different coping strategies and ethical aspects. The empirical material has been obtained through semi-structured interviews with Social service officers. The results shows that the perceived difficulties exist in collaboration, within the organization's structure and in the work towards clients and their relatives. Social service officers deal with these difficulties by finding support from collegial meetings, as well as from colleagues and the immediate foreman. Furthermore, it appears that Social service officers is a diverse professional role where the individual needs to handle several arrents at the same time, and the experience is that there are not always enough resources to carry out their work in a satisfactory manner.

This diploma thesis explores the topic of politico-administrative relationships and professional literature. The first part of thesis is based on the theory of politico-administrative relationships using the models created by Aberbach, Rockman, and Putnam (1981) and focuses on the development of the relationships in time. The following part introduces the phenomenon of politicization and several important typologies that specify it and show the multilayer nature of this term - it uses the knowledge of the following authors: Peters (2013), Eichbaum and Shaw (2008) and Hustedt and Salomonsen (2014). In the next part, the thesis focuses on the Czech context of this issues, briefly summarizes Civil Service Act. And introduces its own qualitative research conducted on the sample of ministerial officials. The research reveals 4 essential issues which characterise the politico-administrative relationship and politicization in the Czech Republic. These issues are third parties in in politico-administrative relationship, the position of state secretary, issue of influenzability of personal structure of ministry and positive politicization. Beside these characteristics and outline of possible ways of follow-up of research, diploma thesis emphasize importance of neutral approach to research issues, because...

This diploma thesis concerns the topic of inclusive education in the Czech Republic with a focus on school counseling staff as the main representatives of street-level bureaucracy in the process of inclusive education. The general aim of this study is to examine the situation after the implementation of the Amendment No. 82/2015 Coll. of the Education Act from the point of view of school counseling staff. Moreover, the study also examines whether the current position of street-level bureaucracy in the inclusive education process is well-set and whether the current system settings meet the needs of the recipients of service. The objectives are fulfilled via qualitative research, particularly eight semi- structured interviews with school counseling staff and two semi-structured interviews with NGO representatives, and analysis of relevant public policy documents. Based on the qualitative research among these respondents, it concludes that the work concluded that there is scope for improvement in many ways in the current form of inclusive education in the Czech Republic, especially in staffing, financial support and mutual communication and cooperation among the actors involved.

This research will explore how social workers in the Swedish childcare system argue about semi coercive measures, tensions between voluntariness and coercion, and their discretion for those actions. Semi coercive measures are regulated by The Care of Young Persons Act (LVU), section 22. To investigate this a qualitative method was adopted. Eight semi- structured interviews were conducted with social workers that have experience when it comes to work within social services regarding children and young people. The research utilises a thematic analysis as a means of processing the data. To analyse the results, Lipsky’s theoretical concept; Street-level bureaucracy and Foucault’s theoretical concept of power; discipline and disciplining based on panopticism and pastoral power, are used. The analysis of the results indicates that the respondent’s views of the tension between coercive and voluntary measures differ, and that there is no clear distinction. Most of the respondents considered the regulations on semi coercive measures as unnecessary while others thought they are a useful tool when implemented correctly. Moreover, social workers use similar forms of semi coercive measures but not according to section 22 LVU. Respondents use their discretion in different ways, which influences their views on whether the section is necessary or not.

This study has the aim to understand how social workers experience the documentation in relation to their freedom of action in childcare investigations. We also used a moral and work ethic perspective in our analysis. Former research show that social workers feel a lack of time for client relation, heavy workload and different ideas about how to customize their documentation, so it suits with the client and the individual social worker. The study is based on six individual interviews with social workers working in children social services. The main results show that the social workers are driven by their sense of wanting to do the right thing for the children, but a lot of time are spent on documentation. The freedom of action among the social workers in our study is depending on how they use their professional license to balance documentation and client work.

In this master thesis I want to focus on high rank execs in the National Bank of Czechoslovakia. between years 1938-1953. These employers are important for me, because they were educated during the time of Austro-Hungarian empire or during the time of The First Czechoslovak Republic. They also had to work under nazi economic system and under communist economic system as well. These interactions between employers and both regimes are the ones that I would like to study in my master thesis.

This study aims at assessing the implementation of the international tool for disaster risk management Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015. The implementation is assessed in terms of risk management at the level of vulnerable informal settlements in hazard-prone areas on the slopes of Guatemala City. The view of resilience which is used in the framework is discussed and how this relates to risk management in general. It is argued that the framework is based on an engineering resilience view. The aspect of resilience in vulnerable areas is considered, introducing a second view of resilience, the socio-ecological. A related theme that is brought into the analysis is that of power relations. The study finds that Guatemalan policy and the Guatemalan risk management system have implemented the policies of the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015. Despite this it has not benefitted the inhabitants of the informal settlements in hazard-prone areas. There are some obstacles in order to make risk management accessible to the informal settlements. There is reluctance on the municipal level to implement the national, Hyogo-influenced, risk management and to recognize and empower the communities in the informal settlements, which hinders the development of an efficient resilience. The study concludes that for an international tool for risk management to be efficient, it needs to be clearer in its definitions, and more easily applicable through implementation tools. The inherent conclusion of this is that it would be possible for an international tool like the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 to be efficient, since there is bureaucratic power supporting it. This power could override local obstacles like political interests. Also, the study concludes that people in informal settlements are resilient to a certain extent, but need to be acknowledged, empowered and cooperated with. / El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la implementación de la herramienta internacional para la gestión de riesgos de desastres la cual es el Marco de Acción de Hyogo 2005-2015. La implementación es evaluada en términos de gestión de riesgo al nivel de viviendas informales y vulnerables en lugares precarios en las pendientes de la Ciudad de Guatemala. Se analiza el punto de vista sobre resiliencia que es usado en el marco de acción y de qué manera este se relaciona con gestión de riesgo en general. Se argumenta que el marco de acción se basa en el punto de vista de resiliencia de ingeniería. A la vez se considera el aspecto de resiliencia en las areas de viviendas informales, introduciendo la resiliencia socio-ecológica. Un tema relacionado con el análisis son las relaciones de poder. El estudio encuentra que las políticas y que el sistema de gestión de riesgo de desastres guatemalteca han implementado las políticas del Marco de Acción de Hyogo 2005-2015. A pesar de esto el marco de acción no ha beneficiado a los habitantes de las viviendas informales en areas precarias. Hay ciertos obstáculos para que la gestión de riesgo sea accesible en las viviendas informales. Hay cierta resistencia a nivel municipal hacia implementar la gestión de riesgo nacional, influenciada por el Marco de Hyogo, y reconocer y autorizar a las comunidades en las viviendas informales, lo cual dificulta el desarrollo eficiente de resiliencia. El estudio concluye que para que una herramienta internacional de gestión de riesgo sea eficiente, necesita clarificar sus definiciones y ser más fácil de aplicar proponiendo herramientas de implementación. La conclusión inherente es que le sería posible a una herramienta internacional como el Marco de Acción de Hyogo 2005-2015 ser eficiente, ya que tiene poder burocrático apoyándolo. Este poder podría sobrepasar obstáculos locales como intereses políticos. Finalmente el estudio concluye que personas que viven en viviendas informales son resilientes hasta cierto punto, pero necesitan ser reconocidas, autorizadas y que se coopere con ellas.

Fler länder har under Covid-19-pandemin rapporterat att deras restriktioner har inneburit en ökning av våld i nära relation. I Sverige har socialtjänsten det yttersta ansvaret att erbjuda stöd och hjälp till en våldsutsatt kvinna. Under pandemin förväntas socialtjänsten att ge ett likartat stöd som innan pandemin trots de uppmaningar och restriktioner som utfärdats. Syftet med denna studie är således att undersöka hur socialsekreterare upplever sitt arbete med kvinnor som utsätts för våld i nära relation under rådande pandemi. Studien är baserad på material från åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med socialsekreterare från olika kommuner i Sverige. Michael Lipskys (2010) teori om gatubyråkrati används för att undersöka och förstå socialsekreterarnas handlingsutrymme i relation till den våldsutsatta kvinnan under rådande pandemi. Vidare används Randall Collins (2004) teori om interaktionsritualer för att förstå sammanhanget som studiens socialsekreterare och de våldsutsatta kvinnorna befinner sig. Studiens resultat visar att socialsekreterarnas arbete karaktäriseras av flera aspekter, bland annat av den betydelse som motivations- och informationsarbetet har för att etablera en första kontakt med den våldsutsatta kvinnan samt hur en hög grad av handlingsutrymme krävs för att både kunna ge rätt stöd och upprätthålla en interaktionsritual med klienten. Covid-19-pandemin har förändrat socialsekreterarnas arbete genom att de inte längre kan ha fysiska möten i samma utsträckning som tidigare, vilket visar sig vara en förlust i deras yrkesroll. / Several countries have reported an increase in intimate partner violence during the Covid-19 pandemic due to their restricted measures to control the spread of the virus. In Sweden, the social services have the responsibility to offer services in the form of support and help to a woman subjected to intimate partner violence. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the social services are expected to provide similar services as before the pandemic, despite the issued exhortation and restrictions. The purpose of this study is to examine how social workers experience their work with women who are subjected to intimate partner violence during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study is based on data from eight semi-structured interviews with social workers from different municipalities in Sweden. Michael Lipsky’s (2010) theory about street-level bureaucracy is used to examine and understand the social workers’ discretion in relation to the abused women during the current pandemic. Furthermore, Randal Collins’ (2004) theory about interaction rituals is used to understand the context in which the social workers in this study and the abused women find themselves.  The results of the study show that the work of social workers is characterized by several aspects, including the importance of motivational and information work to establish a first contact with the abused woman and how a high degree of room for maneuver is required to both provide the right support and maintain an interaction ritual with the client. The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the work of social workers in that they can no longer have physical encounters to the same extent as before, proving to be a loss in their professional role.

In this master thesis I want to focus on high rank execs in the National Bank of Czechoslovakia. between years 1938-1953. These employers are important for me, because they were educated during the time of Austro-Hungarian empire or during the time of The First Czechoslovak Republic. They also had to work under nazi economic system and under communist economic system as well. These interactions between employers and both regimes are the ones that I would like to study in my master thesis.