As formas de produção cultural contemporâneas no Brasil – como em outras partes do mundo –, junto com a consolidação das tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação, articularam formas sociais emergentes que colocam em tensão as divisões e abrem novas interrogações sobre as fronteiras entre produção cultural, política e mercado. Esta tese é uma etnografia sobre novas formas de produção cultural. Explora algumas das práticas do movimento artístico-cultural Fora do Eixo, movimento surgido na última década que se caracteriza por sua organização através de coletivos articulados em rede e pelo uso de tecnologias digitais para o trabalho. Por meio de uma análise dos sentidos que o Fora do Eixo associa às práticas de circular e contar, bem como de suas estratégias de hackeamento e das formas de ressignificar a vida íntima, esta tese procura dar conta da importância de redefinir as abordagens analíticas para este tipo de movimento. Em última instância, este estudo tem como objetivo re-enquadrar a análise institucional da produção cultural, e os movimentos sociais e culturais, transcendendo as simplificações analíticas para entender os modos de mediação entre cultura, política e mercado que esses movimentos produzem em seus próprios termos. / Forms of contemporary cultural production in Brazil – as elsewhere in the world –, along with the consolidation of digital technologies of information and communication, have articulated emerging social forms that put strain and open new questions on the boundaries between cultural production, the political and the market. This thesis is an ethnography of novel forms of cultural production. In particular, it explores some of the practices of the artistic and cultural movement Fora do Eixo, that emerged in the last decade, which is characterized by its organization in an articulated collective network and the use of digital technologies for work. Through the analysis of some of the meanings that Fora do Eixo gives to certain actions such as circulating and counting, as well as their hacking strategies and their ways to redefine intimate life, this thesis seeks to give account of the importance of redefining the analytical approaches for this type of movements. Ultimately, this study aims at re-framing the institutional analysis of cultural production, and social and cultural movements, by transcending the analytical simplifications to understand the modes of mediation among culture, politics and the market that these movements produce in their own terms.

Esta pesquisa procura identificar e analisar como um modelo de gestão cultural auxilia e potencializa a formação artística, pedagógica e política de um artista ou grupo cooperado, a partir do modelo usado pela Cooperativa Paulista de Teatro, importante organização cultural formada em 1979. A entidade, atualmente, reúne cerca de 800 núcleos e mais de 4.000 associados, respondendo pela maior parte da produção artística teatral do Estado de São Paulo. Pretende-se demonstrar que diferentes aspectos da gestão desta organização impactam diretamente sobre a qualificação, a experimentação e a reflexão do artista, criando condições para o pleno exercício das atividades de seus cooperados, constituindo-se como uma precursora de um modelo macro de gestão cultural no Brasil. / This research aims to identify and analyze how a model of cultural management helps and enhances the artistic, pedagogical and political formation of a cooperative artist or group, based on the model used by Cooperativa Paulista de Teatro, an important cultural organization formed in 1979. The entity, currently, gathers around 800 groups and more than 4.000 associates, accounting for most of the theatrical artistic production of the State of São Paulo. It is intended to demonstrate that different aspects of the management of this organization have a direct impact on the qualification, experimentation and reflection of the artist, creating conditions for the full exercise of the activities of its members, constituting as a precursor of a macro model of cultural management in Brazil.

The 1970s were a period of renaissance for the crafts in Britain, often referred to as a craft revival. The creation of national organisations and infrastructures to support craft, and define its identity, played a crucial role in this. The received craft revival narrative focuses on the Crafts Council of England and Wales, with its emphasis on raising the status of craft and promoting it as fine art, largely through the efforts the Minister for the Arts, Lord David Eccles. The narrative in Scotland was very different, and is a story that until now remains untold. Scotland had its own national agencies with responsibility for the crafts. But instead of having a focus on the arts, they were tasked with addressing Scotland’s economic decline, and saw an opportunity to develop Scottish craft as both an industry and a product. The emphasis was not on promoting craft as fine art as in England and Wales, but rather on developing craft as commodity. Borrowing from Adamson’s thesis that as a form of cultural production, ‘craft is itself a modern invention’ (Adamson 2013 p. xiii), this thesis will analyse how Scottish development organisations in the 1970s attempted to promote and invent Scottish craft as an industry and product, and how those involved in the making of Scottish craft responded to this. In order to do this, it will examine the origins of the 1970s craft revival in Britain, the legacy of the invention of modern Scottish craft, and the two development agencies tasked with its invention in the 1970s: the Highlands and Islands Development Board, and the Scottish Development Agency. This thesis makes an original contribution by telling the Scottish side of the 1970s craft revival story. It also addresses wider issues that have received little critical attention in craft history, namely the relationship between craft and commodification, and the tension between modernity and tradition in the invention of modern craft.

Lisa Henderson, LOVE AND MONEY: QUEERS, CLASS, AND CULTURAL PRODUCTION. New York: New York University Press, 2013; 201 pp. ISBN: 9780814790588, $23.00 paperback.

本論文嘗試從法國當代社會學家Pierre Bourdieu 的「文化生產場域」出發，期能為在地的小劇場研究提供一個全新的分析視野。鑑於「收編論」所引發的諸多爭議乃是小劇場當前迫切需要解決的問題，而問題癥結之所在又涉及小劇場的「反體制」定位，因此有必要重新檢視「小劇場運動」的興起與轉型。本文章節的安排如下：第一章為導論，主要在指出一般收編論辯的盲點，以及「場域」分析的適切性，作為本文的起始點。第二章則探討Bourdieu的文化生產場域，並提出本文的中心問題與研究架構。第三章重新檢視「小劇場運動」(1986-1989) 的萌發，以及藝術中介機制如何挪用以型塑神聖的光環，而成為象徵暴力的來源。第四章探討九０年代小劇場可能性空間的轉型，這個轉型主要遭受文化生產場域內部兩個層級化原則的挑戰，以及文化正當性危機。我們並以一個空間圖式分析當前戲劇場域的結構。最後第五章，將回到收編論的主戰場(1994人間劇展)，並以此作為總結。由於媒體介入辦展的特性，因此討論的重心同時擴及劇展的媒體呈現與信念的生產。研究結果指出： (一)小劇場運動與反對力量的結盟，不過是政治發生危機時所產生的一種「誤認」。其間被挪用的利益則是新知青自我表徵的階級習癖、前衛藝術工作者的秀異色彩、以及文化中介者作為挑戰舊有建制的象徵籌碼。小劇場作為另類媒介的期許並未真正落實。 (二)自「反體制」光環中退出的小劇場，在重新汲取文化正當性的同時，反而受制於權力場域的遊戲規則－即本土化的大浪潮與市場取向的專業化迷思，卻少有察覺。 (三)關於收編論的談法僅將焦點限於小劇場與國家機器之間，恐有問錯問題之嫌。政策的開放不代表內在創作環境的自由，小劇場商品化的趨勢以及向中心移動的復權慾望，才是真正的癥結所在。

<p>Denna uppsats undersöker hur genus skapas och iscensätts i Sveriges Televisions julkalendrar 1996 och 2007 samt om det skett någon förändring över tid vad gäller skapandet och framställandet. Detta undersöks genom en semiotisk analys samt med queerteori som teoretisk utgångspunkt. Undersökningen visar att julkalendrarna i många fall bidrar till ett vidmakthållande av stereotypa könsroller. Man kan dock urskilja en förändring mellan de båda kalendrarna då den senast sända ger ett intryck av att producenten gjort medvetna val för att undvika ett reproducerande av könsstereotyperna.</p>

<p>The paper discusses and analyzes differences and similarities in depictions of violence in the two narrative media of films and games. The work is based on existing theories on representation, remediation, narration and immersion – theories which are further developed and discussed by the author. The movies Man on Fire and Kill Bill, as well as the games Ninja Gaiden and Grand Theft Auto are analyzed and used as examples of how depictions of violence in films and games can or should be studied. Also, the possibilities for development of the theories used in the paper are considered. Further discussed are, among other issues, the recognition of the different media as ways to achieve political ends – and the use of stereotype and archetypical narrative elements in relation to more or less concerned attitudes towards violence and depictions of violence.</p> / <p>I uppsatsen diskuteras och analyseras skillnader och likheter mellan användandet av våldsgestaltning i de två narrativa och visuella medierna film och spel. Uppsatsen tar sitt avstamp i teorier kring representation, remediering, narration och immersion, vilka författaren också utvecklar och resonerar kring. Filmerna Man on Fire och Kill Bill samt spelen Ninja Gaiden och Grand Theft Auto analyseras och används som exempel på hur våldsgestaltningen i respektive medium kan eller bör studeras, samt hur de teoretiska verktygen kan utvecklas. Bland annat diskuteras synen på de olika medierna som politiska påverkanskrafter och användandet av stereotypa och arketypiska berättarelement i relation till eventuella problematiserande inställningar till våld och våldsgestaltning.</p>

<p>The purpose with this thesis is to study how the arranging of archaeological objects in permanent exhibitions has changed over time. To find out about this I have been analysing three museums with prehistorical permanent exhibitions. The exhibition at Statens Historiska museum was produced in 2005, Nationalmuseum in Köpenhamn was produced in 1972 with additions from 1988 and 1995 and, finally, Malmö Museer exhibition which was produced in 1977. These exhibitions have been compared to analyse developments during the last 30 years. The result shows that there are different ideals within the exhibitions. Over time, these ideals have been focused more on the visitors and they have tried to appeal to the visitors through themes where the objects have been placed into a narrative. However there are many styles of exhibiting prevalent today that go back all the way to the beginning of the 20th century.</p> / <p>Uppsatsens syfte är att ta reda på hur sättet att ställa ut arkeologiska föremål i basutställningar har förändrats över tid. Detta har jag undersökt genom tre utställningsbesök på Statens Historisk museum som hade en forntidsutställning som var producerad 2005, Nationalmuseum i Köpenhamn vars utställning var från 1972 med tillägg 1988 och 1995 samt Malmö Museer utställning från 1977. Dessa utställningar har sedan jämförts för att se vad som har hänt under de senaste 30 åren. Resultatet blev att det finns olika ideal inom utställningarna. Över tid har idealen blivet mer publikvänliga och har försökt tilltala publiken i större utsträckning genom teman där föremålen sätts in i en berättelse. Dock finns det mycket gestaltningsmässiga grepp som lever kvar sedan början av 1900-talet.</p>

<p>Because of the mass tourism industry that exploits sensitive locations all over our planet a new kind of tourism came into focus in the 1980’s. This new form of tourism was named ecotourism, and as the name reveals ecotourism deals with low-impact travel. Today, all sorts of places can be gazed upon in a flick of a switch; all you need is a television set. It is well known that destination marketing successfully uses visual media as a tool to sell trips to potential tourists. Therefore, this essay examines how ecotourism benefits from the great power of the television. The analyzed material contains of six different TV shows, sorted into two groups – travel shows and discussion programs. With the theory of the tourist gaze, semiotics, destination marketing and the experience economy the study resulted in the conclusion that all TV shows are built upon collective cultural representations found in the exotic and the authentic. With the help of the visual language, travel shows can give new meaning to a specific destination expressed in a system of mutual understanding and shared culture.</p>

<p><p>Studien syftar till att karaktärisera och belysa cirkelövningar och deras betydelse i drama. Bakgrunden behandlar forskning kring drama och symboler, cirkelns symboliska betydelse, drama som metod, fyra drampedagogiska perspektiv samt personlighetsutveckling genom drama. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten i undersökningen är fenomenologisk- hermeneutisk. Den metod som används är fokussamtal som åtta personer med erfarenhet av studier i drama och arbete med drama deltar i. Det empiriska materialet bearbetas med en fenomenlogisk analysmodell som är utarbetad av Pirjo Birgerstam. Genom att söka efter minsta gemensamma nämnare i materialet skapas teman från kärnor som kopplas ihop av betydelseenheter. I resultatet redovisas analysen med hjälp av ett nät med kärnor och teman, utdrag ur referatet som belyser olika teman samt en tabell.  Resultatet tolkas för att ge ökad förståelse samt sammanfattas i summeringen. De olika temana står för olika kvalitativt skilda aspekter av cirkelns betydelse i drama som relaterar till varandra och på så sätt ger en bild av cirkelns karaktär i drama. Genom analysen framträdde ett övergripande tema; dubbeltydighet. Metoden och resultatet belyses och granskas i diskussionen.</p></p>