Thesis advisor: Mark S. Burrows / Ecclesiology in Motion: Ecumenical Vocation and the Developing Ecclesial Identity and Self-Understanding of the United Church of Christ (USA) By: Jason M. Donnelly Advisor: Mark S. BurrowsThis study explores the question of ecclesiology in the United Church of Christ by presenting a historically descriptive account of this church's developing ecclesial identity and self-understanding during the last two decades of the twentieth century. Chapter one, "Ecumenical Vocation and the Question of Ecclesiology in the United Church of Christ" considers the context and composition of the organic union that established the United Church of Christ in 1957, engages the founding documents and early developments of the UCC's ecclesial identity and self-understanding up to 1982, and situates this study within its larger historical, ecumenical, and theological contexts. Chapter two, "Corporate Expressions of Ecclesial Identity in the United Church of Christ" examines the emergence of a theologically descriptive tradition of ecclesial identity and self-understanding in the UCC. Proposing that this united and uniting church developed its own ecclesiological tradition in the process of responding to a series of ecumenical texts from the 1980s, this central chapter charts the gathering momentum of a maturing ecclesiological tradition evident in the processes and corporate responses of the UCC to these ecumenical texts as the young church remained faithful to its ecumenical vocation by adapting to an ecumenical context vastly different from the one that inspired the creation of the UCC in 1957. The four ecumenical texts that provoked these corporate expressions of the UCC's ecclesial identity between 1982 and 1995 include: Baptism, Eucharist and Ministry, the 1982 text produced by the Faith and Order Commission of the World Council of Churches; An Invitation to Action, the 1984 text produced from Series III of the Lutheran-Reformed Dialogue; The COCU Consensus, the 1984 text presented to the member churches of the Consultation on Church Union for formal action; and Churches in Covenant Communion, the 1988 text, also presented to the member churches of the Consultation on Church Union for formal action.Chapter three, "Deepening Ecclesial Self-Understanding" briefly explores the origins and ecclesiological significance of the UCC's three full-communion agreements, focusing primarily on the theological content behind the UCC's most recent full-communion agreement with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, the Presbyterian Church (USA), and the Reformed Church of America.Chapter four, "Assembling the Expressions of Ecclesial Self-Understanding" presents the theological content expressed in the four corporate texts considered in chapter two in conversation with The Nature and Mission of the Church.Chapter five, "Conclusion" provides a brief overview of the study and suggestively explores the significance of what has been advanced in relation to the ecumenical movement in general and the UCC's ecclesiology in motion in particular. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Theology.

Thesis advisor: Roberto Goizueta / This dissertation presents a study in the Christian systematic theology of Robert W. Jenson on the doctrine of the Holy Spirit. In doing so, this work seeks to contribute descriptively to Jenson scholarship in the theological academy, to understanding, clarifying and interpreting his role in the contemporary theological scene, while, as itself operating in the discipline of systematic theology, this work also seeks to constructively augment our understanding of the experience of the Holy Spirit in the Church, reckoning with the significance of this theological locus for a number of prominent movements in the current thought and practice of world Christianity. Part I and Part II of this work engage in an exegesis of the content of Jenson’s pneumatology. Here I advance the interpretation that Jenson’s pneumatology can be meaningfully and beneficially coalesced under—without being merely reduced to—the theme of “freedom” or “liberation.” This integrating motif becomes evident as Jenson’s pneumatology is unfolded across a number of other traditional doctrinal loci and interweaved with a number of other ecumenical concerns, examining both the “work” of the Spirit in the world (first part) and the divine “person” of the Spirit (second part). Part III, then, ventures a constructive evaluation and reception of Jenson’s distinctive pneumatological proposals by way of dialectical encounter with three horizons: those of (1) early Christian pneumatology, (2) twentieth century trinitarian theology and (3) liberation theological discourse and praxis. Through this dialectical engagement, I interrogate a number of aspects of Jenson’s divine ontology and theological infrastructure, insofar as they relate to the uniqueness of his pneumatological proposals. With a re-calibration of some of those theological judgments, I argue that certain insights of Jenson’s notion of the Spirit as eternal, personal Freedom in God, as the Unsurpassed One and as the movement of divine self-constitution from the End of Divine Life merit retrieval. This characterization of the person of the Spirit as one of “freedom” or “liberation,” for the believer, for creation, and for God, forges a pneumatological reconstruction of divine transcendence, similarly to what classical theology had done for the persons of the Father and the Son. Such an achievement, I suggest, offers one viable interpretation of the unique role of the Spirit that mediates between traditional-classical trinitarian ontology and the lived experience of the Spirit currently being exhibited, perceived and theorized in various aspects of global theology and leading areas of theological research. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Theology.

A pesquisa em documentos elaborados por católicos sob o influxo da doutrina social teve por objetivo reconhecer as ações desses atores sociais no mundo do trabalho no Brasil. Considerando que a influência do pensamento católico no Brasil foi muito expressiva para a formação da consciência social; que vários católicos do laicato participaram de cargos na administração pública e, também, participaram da elaboração de leis quando eleitos para cargos de representação legislativa; que vários empresários geriram suas empresas baseado nas orientações da doutrina social, buscamos analisar nessas ações as contribuições dessa doutrina para o mundo do trabalho. / The search in documents elaborated by catholic agents influenced by the social doctrine (revista A Ordem) has the following purpose: recognized in these catholic actors their contribution to the world of work in Brazil. Considering that the thought catholic had actually influenced the social consciousness formation; that various catholic laity members participated of the Brazilians public administration, as also, like a members of the Parliament; that various entrepreneurs managed yours business under the social doctrine guidance, we intended analyze in these actions the contribution to the world of work.

The doctrine of justification tells how the saving grace of God in Christ can be actualized in the believers. Because of the very importance of this doctrine, disputes broke out between Augustine and Pelagius, later in the medieval period, and most importantly during the Reformation period - which led to mutual condemnations and the division of the Western church. The church still does not have a unified voice in interpreting the doctrine despite recent ecumenical dialogues, which culminated in the Lutheran-Roman Catholic Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification in 1999. / McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts; / Theology / PhD; / Dissertation;

Thesis (Ph.D.) - - Andrews University, Seventh-Day Adventist Theological Seminary, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 503-591). Also available on the Internet.

Many scholars of the First World War have examined the European armies in new ways that have shown not only how those armies actually fought along the Western Front, but how they changed their ideas and methods over time, and why they fought the way they did. This dissertation does the same for the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF). It examines how four AEF divisions (the 1st, 2nd, 26th, and 77th) planned and conducted their battles, what they learned about modern combat in those battles, and how they adapted their doctrine, tactics, and other operational methods during the war. Although this dissertation describes AEF training and operations, its focus is on ideas and methods, and the changes in both during the war. It shows that when the United States joined the war in 1917, the U.S. Army was doctrinally unprepared for the industrial combat of the Western Front. It demonstrates that General John J. Pershing and other AEF leaders accepted this inadequate prewar doctrine, with only minor modification, as the official doctrine of the AEF. Many early American attacks suffered from these unrealistic ideas, which retained too much faith in the infantry rifleman on a battlefield dominated by artillery, machine guns, and barbed wire. However, this dissertation also shows that AEF divisions adjusted their doctrine, tactics, and other operational methods, as they fought. Experienced divisions prepared more comprehensive attack plans, employed more flexible infantry formations, and maximized firepower to seize limited objectives. Although some of these adaptations were accepted by senior officers at AEF General Headquarters (GHQ), the American First Army, and the various corps, the lessons seem to have been learned first, and best, by officers and men within the combat divisions. Often the extent of these changes reduced the operational relevance of senior officers at GHQ, including Pershing, many of whom failed to make the same doctrinal adjustments. In short, this study exposes the battle of ideas waged within the AEF, between those who adhered to the traditional, human-centered ideas of the prewar army and those who increasingly appreciated the modern, industrial ideas then prevalent in the European armies.

<p><em>Doktrin för luftoperationer</em> fastställdes som styrande dokument för alla luftoperationer 2005. Har då doktrinen blivit det styrande dokument i Flygvapnet som den är tänkt att vara?</p><p>I denna uppsats avser jag undersöka till vilken grad <em>Doktrin för luftoperationer</em> är implementerad i flygvapnets ledning och om doktrinen används som styrande dokument i utformningen av ordrar, direktiv och TOEM.</p><p>Jag har genom en kvalitativ textanalys granskat två centrala dokument ur olika perspektiv, för att utröna <em>till vilken grad</em> doktrinen används som styrande dokument. Jag har även intervjuat utvalda delar i flygvapnets ledning för att få ledningens uppfattningar av graden av implementering. Jag har i uppsatsen använt mig av en tregradig skala: <em>Inte alls</em>, <em>Till del</em> samt <em>Fullständigt</em> implementerad.</p><p>Genom dessa analyser har jag kunnat dra slutsatsen att <em>Doktrin för luftoperationer</em> endast <em>till del</em> är implementerad i flygvapnets ledning.</p> / <p>The Swedish doctrine for air operations was released and became effective in 2005. The doctrine was supposed to be a ruling document but is that the fact?</p><p>The aim of this study is to investigate at what level the doctrine has been implemented in the leadership of the Swedish Air Force and if the doctrine is in use as a ruling document when writing orders, directive and tactical, organisational, economical objectives (TOEM) for the sub-units.</p><p>The scientific method of this investigation is a qualitative text analysis where I analysed two vital documents in order to measure the level of implementation. For that purpose I have used a three grade scale: <em>not</em> implemented, <em>partly</em> and finally <em>fully</em> implemented.</p><p>The conclusion I draw after examining the subject is that the Swedish doctrine for air operations is only <em>partly</em> implemented in the Air Force.</p>

<p>Säkerhetsläget i Afghanistan har försämrats på senare år och konflikten har trappats upp. Detta beror naturligtvis på många olika saker men jag har valt att titta på den amerikanska doktrinen som avhandlar irreguljära konflikter (counterinsurgency). Hur ser den utjämfört med Galulas teori vad avser operationer i en irreguljär konflikt? För att undersöka detta har jag utgått från Galulas teori för att jämföra den med den amerikanska doktrinen. Genom att titta på olika skeden som Galula delat upp sina operationer i har jag sedan undersökt vad den amerikanska doktrinen säger om dessa. Resultatet av undersökningen är att den amerikanska doktrinen är väldigtlik Galulas teori och de båda nämner i stort sätt samma saker som viktiga punkter för att lyckas som reguljär part i en irreguljär konflikt.</p> / <p>The security situation in Afghanistan has deteriorated in recent years and the conflict has escalated. This clearly depends on many things but I have chosen to look at the American doctrine that deals with irregular conflict (counterinsurgency). How does it look compared to Galulas theory with regard to operations in an irregular conflict? To investigate this, I assumed Galulas theory to compare it with the American doctrine. By looking at the different stages that Galula divided his operations in, I then examined what the U.S. doctrine says about them. The results of the study is that the American doctrine is very similar to Galulas theory and both states much of the same things as important points, to be successful as a regular party in an irregular conflict.</p>

Säkerhetsläget i Afghanistan har försämrats på senare år och konflikten har trappats upp. Detta beror naturligtvis på många olika saker men jag har valt att titta på den amerikanska doktrinen som avhandlar irreguljära konflikter (counterinsurgency). Hur ser den utjämfört med Galulas teori vad avser operationer i en irreguljär konflikt? För att undersöka detta har jag utgått från Galulas teori för att jämföra den med den amerikanska doktrinen. Genom att titta på olika skeden som Galula delat upp sina operationer i har jag sedan undersökt vad den amerikanska doktrinen säger om dessa. Resultatet av undersökningen är att den amerikanska doktrinen är väldigtlik Galulas teori och de båda nämner i stort sätt samma saker som viktiga punkter för att lyckas som reguljär part i en irreguljär konflikt. / The security situation in Afghanistan has deteriorated in recent years and the conflict has escalated. This clearly depends on many things but I have chosen to look at the American doctrine that deals with irregular conflict (counterinsurgency). How does it look compared to Galulas theory with regard to operations in an irregular conflict? To investigate this, I assumed Galulas theory to compare it with the American doctrine. By looking at the different stages that Galula divided his operations in, I then examined what the U.S. doctrine says about them. The results of the study is that the American doctrine is very similar to Galulas theory and both states much of the same things as important points, to be successful as a regular party in an irregular conflict.

Militär doktrinutveckling har beskrivits som en process där kunskap och beprövad erfarenhet omsätts i principer för användandet av militära medel. Militärteorin erbjuder vetenskaplig förankring till militära doktriner och dess påverkan på utvecklingen av doktriner är därför viktig. Förra året, 2011, gav Försvarsmakten ut en ny militärstrategisk doktrin, MSD12. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka kopplingen mellan den svenska doktrinen och dess vetenskapliga förankring. Undersökningen visar bland annat att von Clausewitz teorier, såväl direkt som indirekt, har haft stor influens på doktrinen. Det är dock skillnad mellan hur doktrinen beskriver det som Clausewitz benämner krigets natur och vad som verkligen står i boken ”Om kriget”. Clausewitz beskriver krigets natur som en märklig treenighet sammansatt av den primitiva våldsamheten i dess element, hatet och fiendskapen som tillsammans kan betraktas som en blind naturkraft; av sannolikheternas och tillfälligheternas spel, som ger utrymme för ett fritt skapande sinne; och slutligen av att vara ett till politiken underordnat instrument, varigenom det betingas av det rena förståndet. Doktrinen beskriver krafterna som bildar krigets natur som Emotionell kraft(folket), Styrande rationell kraft (politiken) och Våldsutövande kraft (Försvarsmakten). Det är viktigt, bland annat kopplat till behovet av vetenskaplig förankring, att skilja på vad Clausewitz verkligen skrev och på andra förklaringsmodeller som härstammar från Clausewitz men som också på vissa punkter skiljer sig från originaltexten i ”Om kriget”. / The development of military doctrines has been described as a process where knowledge and well-tried experience turns to principles for the use of military forces. The military theory offers a scientific basis for military doctrines and influences from military theory are therefore an important part of the development of doctrines. Last year, 2011, The Swedish Armed Forces released a new military-strategic doctrine, MSD12. The purpose of this essay is to examine the link between the Swedish doctrine and its scientific basis. The examination has shown that the theory of Carl von Clausewitz regarding the nature of war has a great impact and influence on the content of the doctrine. The theory is used both through direct- and also through indirect influences. An analysis of how the doctrine relate to the factors that, according to Clausewitz, constitute the nature of war shows a discrepancy between its definition of the "remarkable trinity" and the definition given by Clausewitz himself. The book “On War” defines the components of the “trinity” as: The play of chance and probability, Primordial violence, hatred, and enmity and War's element of subordination to rational policy. The doctrine state that the “trinity” consists of: Emotional forces (the people), Rational forces (The politics and the policy) and Violence conducting forces (The Swedish Armed Forces). It is important to make a difference between what Clausewitz actually wrote and other concepts of a trinity that are derived from the “remarkable trinity” defined in “On War.