O presente trabalho tem por objeto a análise da influência do psiquismo do juiz no modo como preside o processo estilo de colheita de dados e relacionamento com os demais sujeitos (partes e advogados, principalmente) e produz suas decisões. Há, portanto, uma interface entre Direito e Psicologia, tomando-se como paradigma a teoria dos tipos psicológicos de Carl Gustav Jung e seguidores, com os acréscimos que lhe foram feitos por Isabel Briggs Myers e Katharine Cook Briggs. Para fins de contraste, a teoria de Jung é confrontada com a tipologia psicanalítica de Freud. No âmbito jurídico, especial atenção é dada à relação das funções pensamento e sentimento com o senso de justiça, sugerindo se que a teoria tridimensional do Direito, de Miguel Reale, seja a expressão jurídica do uso equilibrado das funções perceptivas e judicativas. Esta a primeira parte do trabalho. Na segunda, são analisados tipologicamente seis magistrados do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo, tomando-se por base sua atuação profissional, conforme por eles expressa em entrevista. A entrevista foi feita a partir de um questionário padrão, de modo a estabelecer paralelos discursivos e daí colher semelhanças e diferenças, analisadas à luz do tipo psicológico aferido. Para aferição do tipo psicológico de cada entrevistado, além da análise do conteúdo de sua fala, foi aplicado um segundo questionário, de natureza específica. A título de conclusão, verificou-se haver grande consistência no postulado de que existe correlação entre o tipo de personalidade do magistrado e o resultado de seu trabalho. Isso abre grandes perspectivas seja de estudo-aprendizado na área, seja de aperfeiçoamento profissional e pessoal destes agentes, cuja atividade é tão vital para o processo de produção de justiça no caso concreto. / This paper is aimed at analyzing the influence of the judges psyche as s/he presides over the process the way s/he collects data and relates with the other parties (to the lawsuit and attorneys, mainly) and makes his/her decisions. There is therefore an interface between Law and Psychology, since we have selected as a paradigm the theory of psychological types of Carl Gustav Jung and his followers, with the additions made by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs. For contrasting purposes, Jung\'s theory is compared with Freud\'s psychoanalytical typology. From a legal perspective, special attention is given to the correlation between thought and feeling functions and the «sense of fairness», and it is suggested that Miguel Reales three-dimensional theory of Law be the legal expression of the balanced use of perceptive and judicative functions. This is the first part of the paper. In the second, six judges of the São Paulo State Court are typologically analyzed, based on their professional activities, as stated by them during an interview. The interview was based on a standard questionnaire so as to draw discursive parallels and be able to collect similarities and differences in the light of the psychological type assessed. To assess the psychological type of each interviewee, in addition to analyzing their speech content, a second questionnaire, of a specific nature, was applied. In conclusion, the assumption that there is a correlation between a judges type of personality and the result of his/her work has proven to be greatly consistent. This could bring great prospects, both in area studies and learning and the personal and professional improvement of these agents, whose activity is so vital to the actual process of administering justice.

This work analyses the American family in context of society and its demands. It focuses on the cannonical works of the Modern American drama, namely plays of Tennessee Williams, Arthur Miller, Edward Albee, Sam Shepard and David Mamet. The playwrights are analysed in two distinctive groups according to similar themes they share. Tennessee Williams and Arthur Miller depict the family under increasing pressure from the outside as well from the inside. The unit disintegrates, members of the family escape and thus the unit loses its funtions. The pressure is imposed by the tenets of the American mythology that governs the society, which, in turn, influences the family. The common theme of the first group of playwrights is the feeling of loss. This comprises of two dimensions - spatial and tempoval. The second group of playwrights share the same theme of loss with its spatial and temporal implications. They are characteristic by their distinctive use of language that depicts the prevalent sense of doom, apocalypse, futility and sterility. The search for identity is also implied by the restlessness of characters. The detrimental effect of harsh business environment on the family is explored with regards to masculinity. The work shows the family in the context of the 1950s, an era when the family was elevated to...

Les troubles schizophréniques stabilisés s'accompagnent souvent de déficits cognitifs et émotionnels. Les plus récents travaux mettent en relation la cognition, la motivation et les émotions dans la présentation cliniques des troubles schizophréniques. L'objectif de ce travail est de décrire les troubles de la reconnaissance des émotions, du sentiment subjectif et des réactions physiologiques liées aux émotions dans les troubles schizophréniques stabilisés. L'influence des troubles cognitifs et de l'apathie sur les processus émotionnels est également explorée. Dans une première étude, nous avons mis en évidence l'introduction de biais dans la reconnaissance des émotions dans deux modalités sensorielles (visuelle et auditive).Dans l'étude suivante, nous nous sommes intéressés à l'influence des troubles des fonctions exécutives dans le sentiment subjectif des émotions. A l'aide d'extrait de films, nous avons montré qu'un trouble des fonctions exécutives pouvait entraîner l'introduction d'un ressenti émotionnel nuancé dans les troubles schizophréniques stabilisés. L'apathie est un trouble fréquent dans la schizophrénie et peut influencer les processus émotionnels. Dans un troisième travail, nous avons étudié l'impact de l'apathie sur les réactions physiologiques induites par les émotions. Nous avons montré que la sévérité de l'apathie était corrélée à une diminution de l'activité électrodermale lors de l'induction d'émotions positives. Les résultats de ces travaux montrent un impact des troubles cognitifs et motivationnels sur les processus émotionnels dans les troubles schizophréniques stabilisés. Ces travaux nous encouragent à explorer les bases cérébrales de l'interaction entre émotion et cognition dans la schizophrénie. Des applications cliniques sont également discutées. / Stabilized schizophrenia is characterized by cognitive and emotional deficits. Recent works adopted a dynamic view of the relationship between cognition; motivation and emotion in schizophrenia. The objective of this work was to describe the impairments of recognition; subjective feelings and physiological reactions related to emotions in stabilized schizophrenia. The influence of cognitive impairment and apathy on the emotional processes was also explored. In a first study on a group of 23 patients with schizophrenia; we highlighted the introduction of bias in the recognition of emotion in two sensory modalities (visual and auditory). In the next study; we investigated the influence of executive function disorders in the subjective feeling of emotions. With film excerpts; we showed that a disorder in executive functions could lead the introduction of a mixed subjective feeling in schizophrenia. Apathy is a common disorder in schizophrenia and may influence emotional processes. In a third study; we investigated the impact of apathy on physiological reactions induced by emotion. We have shown that the severity of apathy was correlated with a decrease in electrodermal activity during induction of positive emotions. The results of these studies show an impact of cognitive and motivational disturbances in emotional processes in stabilized schizophrenia. This work encourages us to explore the neural bases of the interaction between emotion and cognition in schizophrenia. Clinical applications are also discussed.

Affective learning forms part of all kinds of educational experiences, regardless of whether the primary focus of learning is on the psychomotor or the cognitive domain. When students are exposed to these different types of educational experiences, their feelings or emotions will be stirred (Bastable 2003: 333). The aim of this study was to investigate the affective experiences of students who were enrolled for an online module, as part of their study programme. The study specifically aimed to investigate the meanings that students attached to their affective experiences during the module. The rationale of this study was based on the fact that students have affective experiences that influence their decision to persevere with a course. The purpose of this study was thus to explore and interpret the participants’ affective experiences in an online learning environment and to discover important categories of meaning (Marshall&Rossman 1999:33). The basis for the study was the fifth module of a two-year tutored master’s degree in computer-assisted education. This module, with its focus on e-learning, was presented entirely online for a period of six weeks. A game was played in cyberspace; and as the learning experiences of participants were based on surfing the Web, the game was called CyberSurfiver. In the e-learning environment, participants had to interact and communicate mainly by means of e-mail, Internet groups, and the online learning platform WebCT. Participants could also communicate synchronously by means of the Internet-based synchronous tool called Yahoo! Messenger. A qualitative approach was used for this research. A case study was chosen as a design for this study because it reflects particularistic, descriptive and heuristic characteristics. On the one hand, the case study could be related to the online culture but, on the other hand, the study aimed at interpreting meaning attached to experiences within the online culture. This study can be seen as falling within the constructivist-hermeneutic-interpretivist-qualitative paradigm. In this study, two focus group interviews were used as the principal method of data collection. The main purpose of the focus group interviews was to collect data about the affective experiences of participants. The first category identified during the data analysis and coding process of this study was called Curative Factors. The second category was called Process of Affective Development. It was concluded that the participants’ affective development could be compared to the levels of Krathwohl’s Taxonomy. The participants’ affective development were further assessed by means of a learning cycle model developed by Kort and Reilly (2002a:60-61). A third category namely <c>Inhibiting Factors was identified. The findings of this study emphasise the importance of the recognition of the holistic nature of the online students and their experiences, which imply that affective development cannot be separated from cognitive and psychomotor development. / Thesis (PhD (Curriculum Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Curriculum Studies / unrestricted

This master’s thesis deals with the design of the heating and ventilation system for the ‘Emotivní dům’ which was designed by the author of this thesis. The first part of the thesis provides an overview of the project and the architectural design of the house. In the next part, the calculation of the heat loss and the design of the heating and ventilation system is described. War-air heating/ventilation is used in in the habitable rooms of the house with the hydronic system utilized in other spaces. The floor heating is used in the bathrooms and the other non-habitable spaces, such as the garage, are heated with radiators. A natural gas boiler is used as a heat source for both space heating and domestic hot water heating. The thesis contains the floor plans of the house as well as technical drawings of the heating and ventilation system.

The study examines two selected Yorùbá movies, focuses on the oral tradition, feelings, and messages in them. Its purpose is to show that the classification or categorisation by previous scholars is not limited to Yorùbá movies; it is adaptable to other movies. Consequently, the study sets out to find an identity for Yorùbá movies and is able to accomplish its aim. It draws on copious examples of oral tradition genres in the selected movies, extract their examples from the movies, and use the extracts to make an argument that the unique way to identify Yorùbá movies is the Yorùbá oral tradition which frequents in the movies. In its attempt to find its focus, it highlights scholars’ ideas of oral tradition worldwide and narrows the concept to the Yorùbá paradigm. The dissertation contains information on research approach, theories, analysis, and findings. Also, it presents the weaknesses of the study and offers useful recommendations. Finally, the study asserts its claim and proves it with evidence from its data. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

Title: The influence of volleyball on sports and after sports life of players Objectives: The aim of this work is to find out in a comprehensive way the extent to which players are affected by long-term performance in an active volleyball team, how it affects the psychosomatic state of players and the possible impact of the game on the life of the player even after their sports career. Methods: The thesis uses many-case exploratory studies with data collection through structured questionnaire forms and supplementary interviews. A total of 60 respondents participated in this qualitative research. The obtained data was examined by using the thematic analysis method. Tables and accompanying reports were used as an output form, formulating the researched phenomena and connecting the research with the theoretical part of the work. Results: The collected data emphasized the importance of respecting the personalities of the players in all aspects. They confirmed the importance of harmony between the physical and mental aspects of the approach to training and game, and thus emphasized the psychosomatic unity that must be respected by the coach if the goal is a top notch game of the team as a whole. The research further confirmed that the background of the players lies not only in the broader social context...

Vicarious humiliation as a devaluing intergroup event is a rather common experience, which has the potential to adversely influence present and future intergroup relations. Based on an extensive literature review and previous research, we hypothesised that highly identified group members experience an intensified feeling of humiliation after witnessing an ingroup member being humiliated when compared to low identifiers (Hypothesis 1), that the role of visual exposure as situational determinant of humiliating events, the appraisals, and the emotional patterns elicited, differ between personally and vicariously humiliating events (Hypotheses 2a, 2b, 3 and 4), and lastly, that vicarious humiliation regulated through emotional blends leads to behavioural intentions that influence future intergroup relations (Hypotheses 5a to 5c). Evidence for our hypotheses was exploratively and experimentally provided in six studies. Results implied that vicarious humiliation is a common experience, that visual exposure as situational determinant is more important for personally than vicariously humiliating events, and that humiliation is indeed a blended emotion (Study 1, N = 1048). Moreover, results showed that highly identified group member feel relatively stronger humiliated (Study 2, N = 175), that the appraisal and emotional patterns are related to identity processes (i.e., personal and vicarious humiliation) (Study 3, N = 74; Study 4, N = 359; Study 5 = 376), and that the feeling of humiliation and accompanying emotions regulate the relationship between vicariously humiliating events and the intentional responses such as avoidance, non-normative approach, dehumanisation and social exclusion (Study 6, N = 998). Overall, our results imply that vicarious humiliation as an emotional experience has the potential to provoke intergroup conflict. SUMMARY The present research studied a phenomenon that we are all familiar with – being humiliated. Unfortunately, this is an experience that is rather common as we might not only experience to be humiliated personally but also to be humiliated on behalf of others. It is this vicarious experience of humiliation that the present research aimed at studying. We firstly explored people’s experiences with and understandings of humiliation through a cross-sectional survey (Study 1). Results indicated that vicarious humiliation is indeed a rather common experience, that personally and vicariously humiliating events differ in terms of the situational determinants that characterise these events, and that the feeling of humiliation is experienced as a blended emotion. We furthermore tested experimentally the effects of ingroup identification, identity processes and the presence of an audience on the appraisal processes of and the emotional and motivational responses to vicarious humiliation. We found that people who highly identified with the group they share with the humiliated person, experienced stronger feelings of humiliation (Study 2), and that being personally humiliated and being vicariously humiliated resulted in different appraisal patterns, which consequently elicited the different emotional blends of humiliation with self-focused and other-focused emotions, respectively (Studies 3 to 5). We were, however, unable to provide evidence that the presence of an audience aggravated the appraisal processes and the feeling of humiliation (which we attributed to methodological limitations of our studies). That the emotional blends of humiliation regulate the behavioural intentions, that people engage in as a result of being vicariously humiliated, was demonstrated in our last study (Study 6). More specifically, we found that humiliation accompanied by self-focused emotions was related to intentions to avoid, to non-normatively approach, and/or to socially exclude the humiliator(s) through dehumanising them. It is this latter finding that provides evidence for both the role of the social context that might determine the appropriateness of certain behaviours (e.g., social norms) and for the proposed cycle of humiliation in that humiliated persons are often believed to retaliate by humiliating the humiliator(s) in return, which has the potential to provoke intergroup conflicts. / Psychology / D. Phil. (Psychology)

En kris såsom Coronapandemin är en extrem situation som skiljer sig från normala förhållanden och kräver att rätt beslut tas. Det sätter press på chefen i en organisation att fatta ett beslut som många gånger är improviserat, dels på grund av tidspress och stress, dels på grund av att varje kris är unik där det är otydligare vad som är rätt och fel beslut. Det beslut som chefen tar under en kris kan många gånger skilja sig från hur beslutet hade tagits under en normal situation. Bör chefen göra mer analyser före beslutet tas eftersom krisen är så pass komplex eller bör chefen i stället förlita sig mer på sin magkänsla eftersom krisens komplexitet är alltför omfattande att göra en analys av? Det är en fråga som har fått mycket uppmärksamhet inom beslutsforskning, inte minst under extrema situationer och kriser såsom en pandemi. Syftet med denna studie är att öka förståelsen för hur chefer hanterar det improviserande beslutsfattandet som uppstår under en kris. I studien sätts analytiska beslut i kontrast till beslut baserade på intuition eller magkänsla, men öppnar samtidigt upp för en möjlighet att båda kan kombineras. Intervjuer har gjorts med chefer från olika branscher runtom i Sverige för att öka förståelsen för krisbeslut under Coronapandemin. Studien visar att de flesta chefer använder analys eller kombinerar analys med intuition. Endast ett fåtal chefer tenderar att enbart använda intuition. Vidare framkommer det att hur chefen betraktar krisen får en effekt på vilka beslut som tas. Betraktas pandemin enbart som ett hot väljer chefen att fokusera på interna aktiviteter som ämnar lindra pandemins negativa påverkan i organisationen och stödja medarbetarna. Väljer chefen att även betrakta pandemin som en möjlighet så öppnar det upp för externa aktiviteter som kan dra nytta av pandemin, såsom att expandera verksamheten till och bredda kontaktnätverken för nya affärsmöjligheter. I de allra flesta beslut framkommer det att de baseras på ett nära samspel och kommunikation med andra aktörer. Det är sällan som ett beslut tas utan någon som helst kommunikation med någon annan. Denna kommunikation tycks ha motarbetat de negativa effekter som olika biaser medför i besluten. Exempelvis är cheferna mindre partiska när andras perspektiv tas med i beaktning före ett beslut tas. Slutligen tror de flesta cheferna att denna pandemi har gjort dem till en bättre beslutsfattare och vissa tror att tidigare stressfulla situationer och kriser har varit till stor hjälp även under Coronapandemin. / A crisis such as the Covid-19 pandemic is an extreme situation that differs from day-to-day situations and require that the right decisions be made. Such extreme situations put pressure on managers in organizations to make decisions that many times are improvised, in part because of time pressure and stress, and in part because each crisis is unique and makes it harder to know what the right decision is. The decisions managers make during a crisis are often different from how those decisions would have been made during a normal situation. Should the manager analyse the situation before the decision is made because the crisis is so complex, or should the manager instead follow his or her gut feeling because the crisis’ complexity is too overwhelming to possibly analyse? Such a question has received much attention in research of decision making, not least under extreme situations and crisis such as a pandemic. The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of how managers deal with the improvised decision making that occur during a crisis. This study contrasts analytical decisions to intuitive decisions, while at the same time opens for the possibility that both styles of decision making could be combined. Interviews have been made with managers from different industries throughout Sweden to increase the understanding of crisis decision making during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study shows that most managers use analysis or combine analysis with intuition. Few managers tend to use intuition only. Furthermore, this study shows that the way the manager views the crisis can affect the decisions that he or she makes. If the manager views the merely as a threat, he or she will tend to focus on internal activities aimed at reducing the negative effects caused by the pandemic on the organisation and their members. If the manager chooses also to view the pandemic as an opportunity, it can lead to external activities that can take advantage of the pandemic, by for example expanding their business and business network. The study shows that most decisions have been made through communication and interplay with other actors. Only few decisions have been made without any communication or interplay whatsoever. The fact that most decisions have been made through communication with others seem to have reduced the effect of different biases. Managers have become less partial when other people’s perspectives have been included in the decisions. Finally, most managers believe that this pandemic has made them a better decision maker, and some believe that prior stressful situations and crisis have greatly assisted them during this pandemic.

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