Nous présentons une refondation théorique de la réalité virtuelle. Celle-ci est marquée par la conviction profonde de définir la réalité virtuelle comme une expérience médiatisée capable de susciter un sentiment de présence. Ce dernier est défini comme le sentiment authentique d’exister dans un monde autre que le monde physique où le corps se trouve. Nous proposons un éclairage nouveau et global sur le sentiment de présence. Cet éclairage consiste en une approche unifiée de la présence prenant en compte des considérations technologiques, psychologiques et écologiques. Nous avons élaboré un modèle qui identifie les processus menant au sentiment de présence. Selon notre modèle, deux phases inconscientes de jugement conditionnent l’émergence de la présence. Le premier jugement concerne la crédibilité de l’environnement, celle-ci dépend de la satisfaction des attentes intellectuelles et perceptives de l’utilisateur. Le deuxième jugement vise la crédibilité de l’expérience. Nous considérons que ce jugement est positif si un maximum des affordances perçues dans l’environnement est assumé, c’est-à-dire réalisable par l’intermédiaire des schémas d’interaction proposés à l’utilisateur. Nous avons mené une phase d’expérimentations pour valider la pertinence et la cohérence de notre modèle. Notre modèle a de multiples implications. Nous considérons par exemple qu’il peut constituer une grille d’analyse intéressante pour les jeux vidéo. De plus, il incite les concepteurs d’applications en réalité virtuelle à penser en terme d’affordances. Ce dernier point implique donc de faire entrer l’utilisateur très tôt dans la boucle de conception de l’application. Notre vision globale de la réalité virtuelle et de la présence a été mise en pratique notamment lors de la conception de dispositifs de réalité virtuelle transportables et à bas coûts. Sur la base de ce cadre théorique nous présentons un framework de conception d’applications en réalité virtuelle. Puisque l’objectif est la crédibilité et non le réalisme, nous nous intéressons à la réalité perçue de l’environnement et non pas à sa réalité physique. C’est pourquoi, le point de départ de notre framework consiste en un socle de connaissances sur la cognition humaine. Cette base de connaissances sert de vivier d’idées pour les quatre piliers sur lesquels peut s’appuyer le concepteur d’applications en réalité virtuelle. Ces piliers sont l’immersion, l’interaction, les émotions et un quatrième regroupant la boucle sensori-motrice et la multimodalité. Concernant le pilier immersion nous proposons un nouvel algorithme pour le calcul de la réverbération sonore dans un environnement complexe et dynamique. Notre méthode repose sur l’algorithme existant du lancer de frustum mais propose deux optimisations. La première exploite le socle de connaissances sur la cognition humaine pour déterminer une sphère d’acuité sonore. Celle-ci nous sert de cadre pour lancer les frusta depuis l’auditeur et non depuis les sources sonores. Cette deuxième optimisation réduit le nombre de calculs / We present a new theoretical context for virtual reality: virtual reality is defined as a mediated experience which is able to generate a feeling of presence. The latter is delimited as the genuine feeling to exist in a different world than the physical world where the body is located. We propose a new and comprehensive light on the feeling of presence through a unified approach of presence with technological, psychological and ecological considerations. We have developed a model which explains the processes leading to presence. According to our model, two unconscious stages of judgment govern the emergence of presence. The first judgment refers to the credibility of the virtual environment. The latter depends on the satisfaction of intellectual and perceptual user’s expectation. The second judgment deals with the credibility of the experience and is positive if most affordances perceived in the virtual environment are taken up, that means achievable with the interaction schemes offered to the user. We have conducted a study to assess the relevance and the consistency of our model. This model has some interesting repercussions like to be an analytical grid for video games. Moreover, it suggests to virtual reality developers that they should think in terms of affordances. This last idea involves to take into consideration the user very early in the design loop of the virtual reality experience. Our whole conception of virtual reality and presence has been put in practice during the design of low-cost ans easily transportable virtual reality systems. Based on this theoretical content we introduce a virtual reality application framework. Since the objective is the credibility, and not the realism of the environment and of the experience, we take an interest in the perceptual reality and not in its physical reality. This is why the starting point of our framework is a knowledge base on human cognition. The latter act as an idea pool for the four inter-related technical and psychological pillars upon which virtual reality developers can lean on. These pillars are immersion, interaction, emotions and a fourth one including the sensori-motor loop and the multimodality. Concerning the immersion pillar we introduce a new algorithm to compute sound reverberation in complex and dynamic virtual environment. Our method relies on the existing algorithm called frustum tracing but we provide two optimizations. The first one makes the most of the knowledge base on human cognition in order to work out a sphere of sound acuity. This information acts as a template in order to shoot the frusta from the listener and not from sound sources. This second optimization reduces the number of computations

Cette recherche qualitative identifie le rôle de l’expérience face à l’intuition et à l’émotion dans la décision clinique de l’infirmière d’accueil et d’orientation des urgences hospitalières. La problématique du rôle triple de l’expérience sur le raisonnement, sur la nature et le contrôle du « ressenti » éprouvé dans le feu de l’action est étudiée au travers de l’influence de la posture de connaissance face à l’expérience induisant l’acquisition et l’usage de savoirs explicites et implicites (Dewey, 2004) agissant sur le modèle opératif de pensée d’un professionnel (Pastré, 2011). La méthodologie, orientée par une posture théorique multi référentielle (Ardoino,1986), articule les approches de la décision en économie (Simon, 1983), en neurosciences (Berthoz, 2003 ; Damasio, 1995) avec les travaux sur l’intuition dans la pensée bi-systémique (Kahneman, 2016) et les approches du rôle cognitif des émotions (Livet, 2002 ; Rimé, 2009, Thievenaz, 2017). Des entretiens semi-directifs et d’explicitation (Vermersch, 1994) sont conduits auprès de vingt infirmiers-ères, de deux hôpitaux.Six propositions théoriques émanent des résultats. L’existence d’une posture « cognitivo-émotionnelle » face à l’expérience vécue dans l’action est découverte. Elle génère un mode et des modalités de raisonnement et d’élaboration d’indicateurs cliniques ou de savoirs d’action mais aussi un mode décisionnel à partir du vécu de l’expérience. Elle influence la nature « ressenti » qui est intuition ou émotion ou étonnement. Selon sa posture, l’infirmière cherche à confirmer son intuition. Elle cherche des preuves à son étonnement, régule son émotion ou renonce à prendre une décision, ou se protège de tout « ressenti ». / This doctoral thesis’ research identifies the roles of experience in the effects of intuition or emotion and clinical reasoning and characterizes the nature of the “feeling” rising; The “multiréférentiel” (Ardoino, 1986)theoretical and methodological framework links a pragmatist understanding of implicit or explicit experiential learning’s through an active or passive knowing posture (Dewey, 2004) with theoretical works concerning the decision processing in economics (Simon, 1983), in neurosciences (Berthoz, 2003; Damasio, 1995) and with the cognitive function of emotion (Livet, 2002;Rimé, 2009). Intuition is replaced in dual process theories of cognition (Kahneman, 2016). Data were collected from two French Parisian emergency’s departments through twenty emergency nurses differently experienced in triage, volunteered to take part in the study,. Semistructured interview collected the nurses’posture of knowing. “Elicitation interviews’” (Vermersch, 1994)recalled nurses’ thinking procedures in the heat of the moment and shows how nurses’ control their “feeling” and the set of the contextual determinants. Six theoretical propositions derived from the findings. During the patient’s examination and the clinical reasoning process, nurses adopt a particular “cognitive – emotional”posture of knowing and reflective thinking. This posture has an impact on the control of the nurse’s feeling andof the nature of what she felt and on the decision type. Depending of her posture, nurses will take into account her “feeling” or not. A negative emotion stops the decision making process. Intuition involves the search of additional fact or clues or clinical signs. The cognitive uncertainty induces a specific inquiry. The nurses’ “feeling’’ empirically characterize is an intuition, an emotion, an uncertainty.

This diploma thesis deals with the development of the rhythmic feeling of children aged 5-7 years in connection with the music element of The Good Start Method. The aim of the diploma thesis is to present the issue of connecting psychology and music for the use in pedagogy, with emphasis on The Good Start Method. Using my own research, i evaluate its theoretical basis, practical use and point out its problematic parts and try to find a possible improvement of this method. The theoretical part deals with the description of the use of the rhythmic element of music in accordance with the development of children's motor skills and the related development of their rhythmic feelings. It also focuses on a specific methodological approach to the development of musical abilities and related motor and graphomotor skills. The work is explicitly focused on the Czech version of The Good Start Method. This section focuses on the description and objectives of this method and it also presents its pitfalls, which are further mentioned and discussed in the empirical part of the work. In the practical part i present the realized empirical research, which focuses on one lesson of the Czech version of The Good Start Method with a song called Náchodský zámeček. In the beginning of the practical part i describe the...

Le sentiment de puissance est un philosophème employé par Nietzsche depuis 1875 jusqu’aux derniers textes de 1888 ; quoique souvent méconnu, il s’agit d’un concept à part entière. Il est élaboré avant celui de volonté de puissance et n’est pas supplanté par celui-ci, contrairement à ce que la publication – posthume et falsifiée – de l’ouvrage éponyme à partir de notes éparses du philosophe, ainsi qu’une longue tradition de commentaires, ont pu laisser penser. Le présent travail constitue la première étude entièrement consacrée au concept de sentiment de puissance. L’attention portée sur ses évolutions au sein du corpus nietzschéen permet à la fois d’en faire ressortir les principaux enjeux, sans le plier systématiquement au cadre conceptuel de la volonté de puissance, et par conséquent de jeter une nouvelle lumière sur la volonté de puissance aussi, ainsi que sur l’articulation des deux à partir de leur genèse commune. Le sentiment de puissance représente une autre approche, alternative et complémentaire de la volonté de puissance, des phénomènes de puissance et d’impuissance en général. La notion de sentiment applique ce que nous appelons un prisme affectif et herméneutique aux relations de puissance : toute puissance, personnelle ou extérieure à l’individu, est sentie et interprétée, de manière plus ou moins adéquate ou erronée, et selon des modalités diverses dont Nietzsche dresse tacitement la typologie. Ainsi entendu, le sentiment de puissance permet d’évaluer à nouveaux frais l’ensemble de la compréhension nietzschéenne du monde conçu comme rapports de forces, ainsi que les concepts clés de sa philosophie. / The feeling of power is a philosopheme used by Nietzsche between 1875 and 1888; though it has remained largely unknown, it is a full-fledged concept. It has been formulated before the concept of will to power and has not been superseded by it, contrary to what the – posthumous and falsified – publication of the eponym book based on scattered notes of the philosopher, as well as an important tradition of commentaries, might suggest. The present work is the first study dedicated entirely to the concept of feeling of power. By attending to the concept’s evolution, this study brings out its main issues without systematically bending it to the conceptual framework of the will to power. Consequently, it sheds new light on the will to power and on the connections between the two concepts. The feeling of power represents another approach, alternative and complementary to the will to power, to the phenomena of power and powerlessness in general. The notion of feeling applies what we call an affective and hermeneutical prism to power relationships: any power, whether personal or external to the individual, is felt and interpreted in a manner more or less accurate, and according to several modalities of which Nietzsche provided tacitly a typological description. Understood in this way, the feeling of power enables us to reevaluate the whole Nietzschean comprehension of the world conceived as balances of powers, alongside the key concepts of his philosophy.

SammanfattningTitel: AI och tjänster – en kvantitativ studie om konsumenters inställning till AI inom tjänster  Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Lina Bremmers och Ellinor LingvallHandledare: Peter EkDatum: 2023 - juni  Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka konsumenters inställning till AI inom tjänster utifrån de tre kategorierna: mekanisk AI, tänkande AI och kännande AI. Utifrån kategorierna är syftet att besvara inom vilka tjänster konsumenterna har en positiv inställning till AI och om konsumenternas inställning förändras när AI ger en bättre serviceupplevelse.  Metod: Studien har utförts utifrån en kvantitativ forskningsmetod med en deduktiv ansats. Undersökningen genomfördes i form av en enkät som förmedlades via sociala medier och läroverk och fick svar från 142 respondenter. Svaren analyserades genom univariat- samt bivariat analys i form av t-test.  Resultat och slutsats: Resultatet visar att konsumenter är positivt inställda till användandet av AI för tjänster inom mekanisk AI och till viss del inom tänkande AI. Resultatet visar vidare att konsumenter har en negativ inställning till användandet av AI för tjänster inom kännande AI. Studiens resultat visar även att serviceupplevelsen påverkar konsumenters inställning till användandet av AI inom majoriteten av tjänsterna.  Examensarbetets bidrag: Studiens syfte utgick från det forskningsgap som tidigare fanns och som innebar en avsaknad av ett konsumentperspektiv när det kommer till användning av AI inom tjänster. Detta examensarbete bidrar till forskningen genom att fylla detta gap.  Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Studien har identifierat 3 punkter för framtida forskning. 1. Undersöka vilka andra påverkningsfaktorer som finns när det kommer till inställningen till AI. 2. Undersöka om inställningen till AI påverkas av demografi. 3. Genomföra denna studies undersökning igen i framtiden för att se om konsumenters inställning till AI har förändrats.  Nyckelord: Artificiell Intelligens, AI, tjänster, Mekanisk, Tänkande, Kännande, serviceupplevelse, konsumenter. / AbstractTitle: AI and services - a quantitative study of consumer attitudes towards AI in services Level: Bachelor thesis in Business EconomicsAuthor: Lina Bremmers and Ellinor LingvallSupervisor: Peter EkDate: 2023 - june  Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate consumers' attitudes towards AI in services based on the three categories: mechanical AI, thinking AI and knowledge AI. Based on the categories, the aim is to answer within which services consumers have a positive attitude towards AI and whether attitudes change when AI provides a better service experience.  Method: The study has been carried out based on a quantitative research method with a deductive approach. The survey was carried out in the form of a questionnaire that was mediated via social media and the educational institution and received 142 answers. The answers were analyzed by univariate and bivariate analysis in the form of t-tests.  Results and conclusions: The result shows that consumers are positively disposed to the use of AI for services in mechanical AI and to some extent in thinking AI. The result further shows that consumers have a negative attitude towards the use of AI for feeling AI services. The results of the study also show that the service experience affects consumers' attitude towards the use of AI within the majority of services.  Contribution of the thesis: The purpose of the study was based on the research gap that previously existed and which meant a lack of a consumer perspective when it comes to the use of AI in services. This thesis contributes to the research by filling this gap.  Suggestion for future research: The study has identified 3 points for future research. 1. Investigate what other influencing factors exist when it comes to the attitude towards AI. 2. Investigate whether the attitude to AI is influenced by demographics. 3. Conduct this study's survey again in the future to see if consumer attitudes toward AI have changed.  Key words: Artificial Intelligence, AI, services, mechanical, thinking, feeling, service experience, consumers.

Syfte: Studien syftar till att förklara hur olika användare upplever de tre nivåerna av AI-genererat innehåll inom marknadsföring i företagsekonomi. Studien syftar även till att se om deras handlande går i linje med deras attityder eller om det finns utrymme för en paradox. Teoretisk bakgrund: I bakgrund och teori redogörs för begrepp som är relevanta för studien så som de olika nivåerna av AI, attityders beståndsdelar och flera modeller kopplat till handlande. Även begreppen integritetskalkylen och integritetsparadoxen behandlas samt påverkansfaktorerna upplevda fördelar, upplevt förtroende och upplevd risk.  Metod: En post-positivistisk och deduktiv ansats användes för studien i form av en kvantitativ surveyundersökning. Data samlades in genom en online-enkät som förmedlades genom sociala medier och genererade 113 svar. Resultatet analyserades med hjälp av univariata tabeller samt en regressionsanalys. Undersökningskvaliteten säkrades med hjälp av enkätfrågor förankrade i teori samt Cronbach’s Alpha och korstabeller. Resultat & Slutsatser: Resultatet av studien visar på att de tre faktorerna fördelar, förtroende och risk påverkar användares attityder kring alla nivåer av AI-baserad marknadsföring. Användarna hyste mest negativa attityder mot kännande AI och mest positiva mot mekanisk AI. Attityderna visade sig ha en påverkan på handlandet vilket inte bekräftar teorin om en paradox. Resultatet är inte applicerbart på populationen i stort och därför behövs vidare studier innan långtgående rekommendationer kan ges till managers. / Purpose: The study aims to explain how users experience the three levels of AI-based marketing within business administration. The study also aims to see if users' actions are in line with their attitudes or if a paradox is applicable.  Theoretical background: In the background and theory, concepts that are relevant to the study are described, such as the different levels of AI, components of attitudes and several models linked to behavior. The concepts of the privacy calculus and the privacy paradox are also addressed, as well as the influencing factors perceived benefits, perceived trust and perceived risk. Method: A post-positivist and deductive approach was used for the study in the form of a quantitative survey. Data was collected through an online questionnaire that was distributed through social media and generated 113 responses. The results were analyzed using univariate tables and a regression analysis. The research quality was ensured with the help of questionnaire questions rooted in theory as well as Cronbach's Alpha and crosstabs. Results & Conclusions: The results of the study show that the three factors benefits, trust and risk affect users' attitudes of all levels of AI-based marketing. Users had the most negative attitudes towards feeling AI and most positive towards mechanical AI. The attitudes showed to have an influence on the behavior, which does not confirm the theory of a paradox. The result is not applicable to the population as a whole and therefore further studies are needed before far-reaching recommendations can be given to managers.

Emotions constitutes a large part of social work and social workers use their expertise to handle emotions of others while coping with their own. The aim of this qualitative study is to investigate the emotions that social workers experience, and how they manage their own emotions working with clients with both problematic substance use and mental illness. The study is based on eight semi-structed interviews with social workers, working closely with this specific client-group. We have analyzed our data according to Hochschild’s theory of “emotional labor”, by using a thematic analysis.   The results shows that the work involves a wide range of emotions, where frustration, helplessness, joy and curiosity are the most common emotions. Being able to manage emotions and the way in which one does so appears to be strongly linked to professionalism. It appears that social workers should not show too much of their emotions, but not too little either. The results also show that the emotion management takes place in two different arenas, in the client meeting and in the workplace, and the emotion rules differ markedly depending on the arena. Managing emotions together with colleagues and through supervision also proved to be important for maintaining professionalism.

Диссертация посвящена изучению взаимосвязи психологического одиночества и копинг - стратегий. Рассмотрены теоретические аспекты психологического одиночества и совладающего поведения. Представлены результаты эмпирического исследования взаимосвязи показателей одиночества и выбором копинг - стратегий у студентов первого курса. В исследовании по уровню субъективного ощущения одиночества были выделены подгруппы психологически одиноких и неодиноких студентов. Установлены основные виды одиночества, которые чаще переживают студенты первого курса – диссоциированное и отчуждающее одиночество. Описан рейтинг предпочтения копинг – стратегий у студентов. Выявлены достоверные различия в выборе копинг – стратегий у психологически одиноких и неодиноких студентов. С помощью корреляционного анализа зафиксированы значимые корреляции шкалы общего переживания одиночества, зависимость от общения, позитивное одиночество с такими копинг – стратегиями как самоконтроль, поиск социальной поддержки, положительная переоценка. Авторы приходят к выводу о том, что студенты склонны чаще выбирать достаточно эффективные копинг – стратегии. Существует связь между уровнем психологического одиночества и совладающим поведением, копинг – стратегиями. Особенно проявилась связь поиска социальной поддержки с различными аспектами переживания одиночества. / The thesis is devoted to the study of the relationship of psychological loneliness and coping strategies. The theoretical aspects of psychological loneliness and coping behavior are considered. The results of an empirical study of the relationship between indicators of loneliness and the choice of coping strategies for first-year students are presented. In a study on the level of subjective feelings of loneliness, subgroups of psychologically single and non-single students were identified. The main types of loneliness are established, which are often experienced by first-year students - dissociated and alienating loneliness. Described rating preferences coping strategies for students. Significant differences in the choice of coping strategies among psychologically single and non-single students are revealed. With the help of the correlation analysis, significant correlations of the scale of the general experience of loneliness, dependence on communication, positive loneliness with coping strategies such as self-control, the search for social support, positive revaluation have been recorded. The authors conclude that students tend to more often choose reasonably effective coping strategies. There is a link between the level of psychological loneliness and coping behavior, coping - strategies. The connection of the search for social support with various aspects of loneliness was especially evident.

Целью магистерской диссертации является изучение современной литературы по проблеме благополучия персонала организаций, проведение мониторингового исследования влияния организации на благополучие персонала и разработка практических рекомендаций по повышению уровня благополучия персонала на рабочем месте. В теоретической части работы представлены основные понятия благополучия персонала, его виды, методы оценки уровня благополучия, а также охарактеризована программа повышения уровня благополучия персонала в организации. В практической части приводится краткая характеристика исследуемого производственного предприятия и системы управления персоналом, описываются результаты анализа кадрового состава предприятия, оценки уровня физического и психологического благополучия персонала с применением инструментария социологического опроса, мониторинга самочувствия работников с использованием авторского чат-бота, а также анализа действующей на предприятии системы по поддержанию уровня благополучия персонала. На основе полученных эмпирических данных разработаны предложения по повышению уровня благополучия персонала на основе развития программы «Благополучие». В заключении подведены итоги в соответствии с поставленными задачами. / The purpose of the master's thesis is to study modern literature on the well-being of personnel in organizations, conduct a monitoring study of the impact of the organization on the employee well-being and develop practical recommendations for improving the well-being at work. The theoretical part of the work presents the basic concepts of personnel well-being, its types, methods for assessing the level of well-being, and also describes a program to increase the level of well-being at work. The practical part provides a brief description of the production enterprise and the personnel management system under study, describes the results of the analysis of the personnel composition of the enterprise, assesses the level of physical and psychological well-being of personnel using the tools of a sociological survey, monitors the well-being of employees using the author's chat bot, and also analyzes the current at the enterprise systems for maintaining the level of employees' well-being. On the basis of the empirical data obtained, proposals were developed to improve the personnel well-being based on the development of the "Well-Being" program. In conclusion, the results are summarized in accordance with the tasks set.

Background: This study explores consumer attitudes towards AI-generated videosusing the ABC model of attitudes, which includes Affective, Behavioral, and Cognitive components. AI-generated videos represent a significant evolution in content creation,incorporating advanced technologies that evoke a range of emotional, behavioural, andcognitive responses from consumers. Understanding these responses is crucial as AIbecomes increasingly integrated into media production. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore consumers’ attitudes towardsAI-generated videos. Methodology: Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with participantsfrom diverse backgrounds and professions. A purposive sampling method wasemployed to select participants familiar with generative AI technology, ensuring a richand diverse set of insights. Findings: Findings reveal a spectrum of emotional responses, with negative emotionsoften tied to perceptions of artificiality and lack of authenticity, while positive emotionsare driven by the novelty and potential of AI technology. Behavioural intentions varied,ranging from reluctance due to trust issues to openness influenced by perceived benefitsand professional interests. Cognitive evaluations highlighted knowledge disparities andethical concerns, with deeper understanding correlating with cautious optimism orscepticism. Conclusion: The study contributes to the literature by providing a nuancedunderstanding of how affective, behavioural, and cognitive dimensions interact to shapeoverall consumer attitudes towards AI-generated videos. Practical implications suggestthat companies and marketers should address trust and ethical concerns while enhancingthe authenticity and transparency of AI-generated videos to foster positive consumerengagement.