No description available.

<p>The focus of this thesis is upon how conceptions of globalization is created by the labour-organizations Lands-organisationen (LO) and Svenskt Näringsliv. It is possible to discern two arguments for globalization in the texts, economy and democracy, and it is around these that the discourses of globalization are being constructed. Economy turns into a basic logic in the discourses of globalization. How to perceive the role of economy, as positive or negative, differs. Still, there is an agreement of the influence of economy. The ongoing power shift from the state towards the market is described as a significant consequence of globalization. With help from Ulrich Beck’s ideas about globalism the discourses then are placed in an overarching globalistic order of discourse. The conception of Democracy is an essential part of the talk about globalization. One can discern a similarity in the discourses; that is a division and separation in talking about the West and the Rest. This can be understood with the help of Stuart Hall’s idea of a discourse called "the West&the Rest" which stereotypes conceptions of Western respectively non-Western worlds.</p>

Wer ordnet die Welt im 21. Jahrhundert? Ist das Zeitalter der Hegemonie beendet? Welche Spieler werden das Great Game der nahen Zukunft bestimmen? Dies sind drängende Fragen der internationalen Politik – und wir liefern Antworten in unserem Themenschwerpunkt: sachlich und pointiert, faktenorientiert und kontrovers. „Neue Weltordnung“ war der Titel der ersten WeltTrends-Ausgabe 1993; „Neue Weltordnung 2.0“ ist der Titel der nunmehr 86. Ausgabe. Auch im 20. Jahrgang bleibt die Zeitschrift ein kritischer, kompetenter Begleiter weltpolitischer Ereignisse – mit Sicherheit!

The Problem Physical Education in Papua New Guinea (PNG) schools did not appear to be widespread nor progressing effectively. Its place in education appeared uncertain. Therefore the study's key question was, "What is the status of physical education in PNG, and the implications of this status?" The focus was narrowed to the history of the development of physical education curriculum, and considered decisions made by curriculum officers about what ought to be taught. Purposes The study's purposes, in answering the key question, were to: § evaluate the existing physical education curriculum § generate recommendations for physical education programs. The Research Postmodern ethnography was chosen to undertake the evaluation, through the analysis of historical records and personal narratives. As there was little available literature on physical education curriculum development in PNG, the narratives and opinions of a variety of policymakers, policydevelopers, policyimplementers, and clients of this curriculum development were recorded. The curriculum itself was analysed, as well as related articles and official documentation. The collective data were evaluated, to provide an overall view of physical education curriculum development. Methodology Following the search for literature in libraries, data were collected from Curriculum Development Division records. As many curriculum documents (such as syllabi and advisory memos) as possible were collected. Key personnel were identified and personally interviewed by the researcher. For a wider group (school principals) an interview guideline was used, while for the oneonone interviews, an unstructured interview format was adopted, allowing respondents considerable control, as they recounted their histories, experiences, and opinions. Further data were collected from correspondence from teachers' colleges, and the former director of the National Sports Institute. The data were analysed by viewing through seven key concepts central in postmodern literature: knowledge, power, culture, postcolonialism, hegemony, globalism, and apathy. The analysis was constructed upon the historical background information, issues that arose during the research activities and the collection of the raw data and, additionally, upon the researcher's own evaluative feelings. Outcomes During the analysis of the literature, the narratives, the curriculum, and related documents, four recurrent issues emerged: § physical education's low status § problems in understanding the concept of physical education § apathy towards physical education § PNG knowledge versus global knowledge The analysis of the data was therefore undertaken around these issues, as viewed through the key concept's lenses. It was found that there was a lack of usefulness in the existing physical education documents, and that there was a lack of availability of existing physical education documents. Key Education authorities were unfamiliar with physical education curriculum. Its history, both in colonial and postcolonial times, was weak. It continued to receive little attention by curriculum administrators, or schools. The National attitude of apathy towards physical education had been established by the colonial administrators and educators, and reproduced. CDD administration had little time for physical education. Consequently, there was little physical education taught in PNG schools, even though it was in the national curriculum. The only physical activity which had some place in schools was the commercial modified rules sport program, Pikinini Sport. Global activities dominated any thought of local input and activities.

The focus of this thesis is upon how conceptions of globalization is created by the labour-organizations Lands-organisationen (LO) and Svenskt Näringsliv. It is possible to discern two arguments for globalization in the texts, economy and democracy, and it is around these that the discourses of globalization are being constructed. Economy turns into a basic logic in the discourses of globalization. How to perceive the role of economy, as positive or negative, differs. Still, there is an agreement of the influence of economy. The ongoing power shift from the state towards the market is described as a significant consequence of globalization. With help from Ulrich Beck’s ideas about globalism the discourses then are placed in an overarching globalistic order of discourse. The conception of Democracy is an essential part of the talk about globalization. One can discern a similarity in the discourses; that is a division and separation in talking about the West and the Rest. This can be understood with the help of Stuart Hall’s idea of a discourse called "the West&amp;the Rest" which stereotypes conceptions of Western respectively non-Western worlds.

This study inquires as to whether Walmart’s sustainability campaign represents a sincere and holistic change throughout the company’s global supply chain or if it is simply a public relations campaign which caters to the growing target market of “next-generation” consumers and justifies further expansion into “emerging markets”. A critical analysis of Walmart’s sustainability discourse is presented, using transcribed texts of various corporate and publicitygeared publications. Frequently utilized terms and themes are identified throughout the big-box retailer’s sustainability campaign which convey a distinctly Neoliberal ethos—a political economy which lies at the heart of current practices of institutional unsustainability—and emphasize the role of the atomized individual—who may purchase protection from environmental risks via green products. Other themes, which are commonly associated with sustainability research, are glaringly absent: subsidiarity; human rights; steady-state economics; economic inequity; the precautionary principle. This research aims to shed light on the prospects for the sustainability of green overconsumption, which Walmart is leading the way in promoting, and for the continuation of the modern economistic zeitgeist into the twenty-first century.

No description available.

本研究探討台灣地區電視新聞小報化與守門過程。研究者從歷史的橫斷面（民國93年的電視新聞報導抽樣）及縱斷面（民國52-90年的台視新聞報導抽樣），分析台灣地區電視新聞邁向小報化的過程。研究方法係使用內容分析法、深度訪談法及論述分析法，收集資料，分析比對後，得到電視新聞報導的十九項表現特徵、守門行為的五項組織運作特徵，以及外部影響的兩項特徵。 電視新聞「小報化」的表現特徵方面，分為形式內容與專業表現。形式內容方面又可分為形式特徵與內容特徵。電視新聞的形式特徵方面，有「重點呈現的小報化」、「內容呈現的小報化」、「效果呈現的小報化」三項次特徵。內容特徵方面，有「新聞本質的小報化」、「新聞處理的小報化」二項次特徵。 專業表現方面，有新聞調度特徵、記者角色認知特徵、新聞元素特徵、及新聞敘事特徵等四項特徵。其中，新聞調度特徵方面，有「新聞的深度與廣度」、「新聞的強度與速度」、「新聞的熱度與角度」三項次特徵。記者角色認知特徵方面，有「資訊傳遞者」、「解釋者」、「對立者」、及「商業主義者」四項次特徵。新聞元素特徵方面，有「詮釋性因素」、「重要性因素」、「軟性化因素」、及「衝突性因素」四項次特徵。新聞敘事特徵方面，有「新聞切入點」、「敘事表現手法」、「運鏡表現手法」三項次特徵。 新聞守門過程的特徵方面，有「新聞組織的科層化」、「組織內正式會議的商業化」、「組織內互動的潛移默化」、「新聞價值的商業化」、及「組織外政經因素的商業化」五項次特徵。外部環境影響特徵方面，則有媒介體制的「商業化」、傳播市場的「全球化」兩項次特徵。整體而言，台灣地區的電視新聞媒體，自開播以來，逐漸走向「小報化」、「商業化」、「全球化」的結果。 電視新聞「小報化」的文本特徵，則呈現出「形式」日趨小報化，具體的特徵包括鏡面有越來越大的標題、越來越多的標題、圖案標誌、跑馬燈文字，描寫的內容也極盡「煽色腥」能事，似乎到了「語不驚人死不休」的地步。此外，電視新聞報導的鏡面分割、圖表運用、模擬動畫，也日漸增多，且多以「花俏」的「展示」為目的，而不是「樸實」的「說明」功能。尤有甚者，電視新聞報導加配樂、影像變造，以拍電視劇的手法，製作電視新聞，最為誇張。 電視新聞「小報化」內容方面，則打破「硬性新聞」與「軟性新聞」分際，政治、經濟、國際新聞等「硬性新聞」，除了有更多「軟性化」的表現外，新聞主題的模糊化程度，也越來越嚴重。生活、娛樂、休閒等新聞，也有越來越「多元化」及「軟性化」的表現，同時也有更多「軟、硬性新聞主題」的互相參雜，新聞工作者日漸捨棄傳統新聞專業角色的自我要求。 整體而言，台灣電視新聞「小報化」情形相當普遍，本研究抽樣的電視台，九成以上都是商業電視台，也都有「小報化」的傾向。台灣電視新聞市場因為電視公司新聞部門間的競爭激烈，新聞市場有限，導致電視新聞報導的品質日漸低下，電視新聞「小報化」的程度日漸嚴重。 結論部分，本研究以社會責任論為理論導引，從新聞自由、媒介近用權、政經環境鬆手控制媒體、及媒介教育等方面做出建議，希望有助於匡正電視新聞媒體亂象。

[pt] O presente trabalho tem como objetivo através do pensamento de Ulrich Beck, analisar como a ascensão da globalização tem afetado o modelo de Estado nacional Westfaliano. É exposto como os Estados nacionais se caracterizaram como um espaço de intensas disputas políticas a partir da eclosão das revoluções do século XVIII. Em seguida é realizada a delimitação do quadro teórico de Ulrich Beck de modo a identificar como o autor realiza a interligação entre sua teoria da sociedade de risco e o impacto da globalização sobre o funcionamento dos Estados nacionais. Através da diferenciação entre os conceitos de globalização e globalismo é realizada a desmistificação de certas crenças, sendo possível compreender, como tem sido viável aos agentes econômicos imporem uma subordinação política dos Estados nacionais aos seus interesses de mercado. O globalismo é identificado como uma ideologia e a globalização como um fenômeno plural e irreversível. A partir de então verifica-se que as disputas de poder que se realizaram historicamente dentro dos limites do Estado nacional se desequilibram intensamente. Dessa forma compromete-se o funcionamento democrático da política dos Estados nacionais. São delimitados fenômenos que no entender de Ulrich Beck caracterizam-se como reais transformações sociais que afetam os Estados da atualidade. Tais transformações forçam uma reconfiguração no que tange a vinculação territorial do poder político. A partir dessa constatação abrem-se questionamentos a respeito de novas formas institucionais pósnacionais, que venham compensar o esvaziamento político e o déficit democrático por que passam os Estados nacionais contemporâneos. / [en] This paper aims through the thought of Ulrich Beck, to analyze how the rise of globalization has affected the Westphalian model of nation state. It is exposed as the nation states have been characterized as an area of intense political wrangling since the outbreak of the revolutions of the eighteenth century. Then it held the delimitation of the theoretical framework of Ulrich Beck in order to identify how the author makes the link between his theory of risk society and the impact of globalization on the functioning of national states. By differentiating between the concepts of globalization and globalism is held demystification of certain beliefs, and you can understand, as has been viable economic agents impose a political subordination of national states to their market interests. Globalism is identified as an ideology and globalization as an irreversible phenomenon and plural. Since then it appears that the power struggles that took place historically within the boundaries of the national state become unbalanced intensely. Thus committed to the democratic functioning of the policy of national states. Phenomena that are defined in the view of Ulrich Beck characterized as real social changes that affect the states today. These changes force a reconfiguration with respect to territorial linkage of political power. Based on this finding opens up new questions about post-national institutional forms, which will compensate the deflation political and the deficit democratic experienced by the contemporary nation states.

Esta etnografia multissituada analisa três polos carnavalescos distintos, a partir dos circuitos de trocas estabelecidos entre eles. O principal objetivo da tese é o de compreender como as diferentes configurações culturais nos carnavais de Escolas de Samba do Rio de Janeiro, da Região dos Pampas (em três cidades, Uruguaiana no extremo sul do Brasil, Paso de Los Libres na Argentina e Artigas no Uruguai) e de uma Escola de Samba no carnaval de Notting Hill (Londres/UK) se comunicam e se envolvem em relações de interculturalidade, globalismo e hibridismo entre carnavais. As relações entre os carnavais possibilitam a disseminação de suas produções de cunho competitivo, a circulação de pessoas e objetos que cruzam fronteiras, baseadas nas dimensões da translocalidade. Esses carnavais se entrelaçam e dialogam com o carnaval carioca em circuitos de trocas e negociações, promovendo encontros, conexões, intensa circulação de profissionais, fluxos de materiais, conhecimentos e saberes entre seus contextos locais. / This multi-sited ethnography analyzes three distinct carnival poles, through the exchanges circuits established among them. The main purpose of the thesis is to comprehend how the different cultural configurations in carnivals of Samba Schools of Rio de Janeiro, the Pampas region (in three cities, Uruguaiana in southern Brazil, Paso de Los Libres in Argentina and Artigas in Uruguay) and a Samba School in the Notting Hill Carnival (London/UK) communicate and involve themselves in intercultural relations, globalism and hybridism between carnivals. The relations among the carnivals allow the dissemination of their competitive productions, the circulation of persons and objects that cross borders, based on the dimension of translocality. These carnivals are intertwined and dialogue with the Rio carnival in exchanging and negotiating circuits, promoting encounters, connections, intense professionals circulation, material flows, knowledge and expertise between among its local contexts.