The original intentions for social media were communication and entertainment. However, social media keep evolving and since the birth of the first internet-accessible social platforms, we saw a significant shift. Currently, social media are used for many more purposes, such as an easy way to earn money, which is often used by both companies and individuals. Considering the fact that internet is minimally regulated in this aspect, the tempting vision of earning money or gaining more followers may often lead to disinformation in social media posts. It is not unusual to come across lifestyle and diet advice which may be unsuitable for every user, or even be dangerous to their health. Even then, these information are sometimes celebrated and shared further amongst users. This Masters Thesis focuses on how social media affect their users regarding forming and shaping their diet from the point of view of the users. Using both quantitative and qualitative research methods, the researcher is trying to find how social media consumers approach information learnt on these platforms, including their willingness to verify their validity.

Bakgrund Förekomsten av diabetes typ-2 har ökat dramatiskt och cirka en halv miljard människor världen över har diabetes. Prediabetes är en av de riskfaktorer som ökar risken för att utveckla diabetes typ-2. Många studier har visat att livsstilsförändringar kan minska risken eller fördröja uppkomsten av diabetes typ-2. Syfte: Diabetessköterskors upplevelser och erfarenheter av att arbeta med metoder och insatser inom primärvården för att förhindra utveckling av diabetes typ-2 hos patienter med prediabetes Metod: Kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultat: Resultatet visade att screening och remittering till diabetessjuksköterskor för samtal med levnadsvanor och uppföljningar användes. Fem kategorier identifierades utifrån deras erfarenheter av förebyggande arbete: 1-upplevelser av att känna organisatoriskt stöd ger förutsättningar för preventivt arbete. 2-Upplevelser av att ha organisatoriska begränsningar eller hinder i patientarbete. 3-Rådgivning och stöd nämndes som mycket viktig del i deras patientarbete med livsstilsförändringar.4-Att ha verktyg underlättar preventionsarbete. 5-Upplevelser av att ha olika utmaningar och svårigheter i patientkommunikation- och information Slutsatser: Studien visade diabetessjuksköterskor hade olika erfarenheter avseende preventionsarbete utifrån de organisatoriska förutsättningar och förhållande de hade samt hur deras patientklienter såg ut vilket skulle kunna påverka deras preventionsarebete. Resursbrist och avsaknad av rutiner försvårade deras arbete. Därför är det viktigt att diabetessköterskor arbetsförhållande förbättras. Även utbildningar om befintliga rekommendationer eller riktlinjer avseende hälsofrämjande åtgärder är nödvändiga. / <p>Betyg i Ladok  210625.</p>

Chronische Schmerzen stellen ein stetig wachsendes und weltweites Gesundheitsproblem dar, welches zu vielschichtigen Beeinträchtigungen führen kann und sowohl individuell als auch gesellschaftlich negative Folgen mit sich bringt. Da chronische Schmerzen häufig von einer Vielzahl physischer, soziokultureller oder psychologischer Faktoren verursacht werden, hat in der Schmerzforschung das Interesse an multidisziplinären Behandlungsansätzen stark zugenommen. Alternative Behandlungsmethoden aus der Mind-Body-Medizin rücken hierbei zunehmend in den Fokus der Forschung. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Wirksamkeit einer achtwöchigen integrativen Mind- Body-Intervention, der Meditationsbasierten Lebensstilmodifikation (MBLM), bei der Behandlung chronischer Schmerzen in Bezug auf Schmerzintensität, Lebensqualität und schmerzspezifische Selbstwirksamkeit überprüft. Zudem erfolgte ein Prä-Post-Follow-Up- Vergleich der patientenspezifischen Funktionsfähigkeit, der Lebensqualität hinsichtlich psychischer Gesundheit, des psychischen Wohlbefindens, der sozialen Beziehung sowie Umweltaspekten und der Selbstwirksamkeit in Bezug auf das Schmerzmanagement, auf die körperlichen Funktionen sowie die Bewältigung von Symptomen. Als Studiendesign diente eine experimentelle Einzelfallanalyse mit Multiple-Baseline-Design. 17 chronische Schmerzpatient:innen füllten in einem Zeitraum von 80 bis 94 Tagen täglich einen Fragebogen aus und praktizierten während der Behandlungsphase zehn Wochen lang täglich Yoga, Meditation, beschäftigten sich mit der Lebensethik des Yoga und kamen zu den wöchentlichen Gruppensitzungen. MBLM erwies sich bei einem Großteil der Teilnehmer:innen als wirksame Intervention zur Schmerzreduktion sowie zur Verbesserung der Lebensqualität, der Selbstwirksamkeit und der physischen Funktionalität. Die Ergebnisse sind ein deutlicher Hinweis auf die Wirksamkeit von MBLM bei chronischen Schmerzen, wodurch sich die Intervention als geeignete ergänzende Maßnahme zur Behandlung chronischer Schmerzen einordnen lässt.:1. Einleitung 2. Theoretischer Hintergrund 2.1 Chronische Schmerzen 2.2 Therapieoptionen chronischer Schmerzen 2.2.1 Biopsychosoziales Modell 2.2.2 Interdisziplinäre multimodale Schmerztherapie 2.3 Yoga 2.3.1 Der achtgliedrige Pfad des Patanjali 2.3.2 Meditationsbasierte Lebensstilmodifikation (MBLM) 2.4 Methodik 2.4.1 Forschungsfragen 3. Methodik 3.1 Studiendesign 3.2 Intervention 3.3 Messinstrumente 3.3.1 Schmerz 3.3.2 Lebensqualität 3.3.3 Schmerzspezifische Selbstwirksamkeit 3.3.4 Prä-Post-Follow-Up-Vergleich 3.3.5 Tägliche Praxis 3.3.6 Kurszufriedenheit 3.3.7 Besondere Ereignisse 3.4 Datenanalyse 3.4.1 Visuelle Analyse 3.4.2 Statistische Analyse 3.4.3 Gewichteter Gesamteffekt 3.4.4 Qualitative Angaben 4. Ergebnisse 4.1 Studienpopulation 4.1.1 Rekrutierung 4.2 Adhärenz 4.3 Kurszufriedenheit 4.4 Schmerz 4.4.1 Visuelle Analyse 4.4.2 Statistische Analyse 4.5 Lebensqualität 4.5.1 Visuelle Analyse 4.5.2 Statistische Analyse 4.6 Schmerzspezifische Selbstwirksamkeit 4.6.1 Visuelle Analyse 4.6.2 Statistische Analyse 4.7 Prä-Post-Follow-Up-Vergleich 4.7.1 Patientenspezifische Funktionsskala (PSFS) 4.7.2 WHO-QOL-BREF 4.7.3 CPSS 5. Diskussion 5.1 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse 5.2 Kontext der Ergebnisse mit bisherigem Kenntnisstand 5.2.1 MBLM reduziert die Schmerzintensität 5.2.2 MBLM verbessert die Lebensqualität 5.2.3 MBLM verbessert die schmerzspezifische Selbstwirksamkeit 5.2.5 Mögliche Erklärungen für die gefundenen Effekte 5.3 Limitationen 5.4 Ausblick 6. Zusammenfassung 7. Summary 8. Literaturverzeichnis

Работа над теоретико-методологическими основами здоровьесберегающих технологий в современном образовательном пространстве, а также результаты опытно-экспериментальной работы по реализации здоровье сберегающих технологий в образовательном процессе вуза. Автор представил результаты эмпирического социологического исследования здоровьесберегающих технологий, на примере Казахского Национального университета имени аль-Фараби. По итогам эмпирического исследования и анализа отечественного, зарубежного опыта применения здоровьесберегающих технологий была разработана модель и представлены предложения по совершенствованию здоровьсберегающих технологий. / Work theoretical and methodological foundations of health saving technologies in modern educational space, as well as the results of experimental work on the implementation of health saving technologies in the educational process of the University. The author presented the results of empirical sociological research of health-saving technologies, on the example of the Kazakh National University named after al-Farabi. Based on the results of empirical research and analysis of domestic and foreign experience in the use of health-saving technologies, the author developed a model and presented proposals for improving health-saving technologies.

Bakgrund  Förekomsten av typ 2-diabetes ökar globalt. Att ha ohälsosamma levnadsvanor ökar risken för komplikationer och följdsjukdomar av diabetes samt bidrar till höga samhällskostnader och sjukdomsbördan i Sverige. Till levnadsvanor hör kostvanor, fysisk aktivitet, rökning och alkoholbruk. Sjuksköterskor har en viktig roll att främja hälsosamma levnadsvanor och hälsa hos personer med typ 2-diabetes. Stigmatisering och bristande kommunikation kan försvåra och utgöra ett hinder i sjuksköterskans arbete och bemötande. Motiverande samtal är en personcentrerad rådgivningsstil som kan användas för att stärka personens motivation till förändring. Det finns ett behov av att sammanställa aktuell forskning för att se hur motiverande samtal fungerar i detta sammanhang.  Syfte  Syftet var att beskriva motiverande samtal för att främja hälsosamma levnadsvanor och hälsa hos personer med typ 2-diabetes.  Metod  För att besvara syftet genomfördes en icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt där 11 vetenskapliga artiklar inkluderades. Litteratursökningen genomfördes i databaserna PubMed, CINAHL och PsycInfo. De inkluderade artiklarna genomgick en kvalitetsgranskning i enlighet med Sophiahemmet Högskolas bedömningsunderlag. Resultatet analyserades utifrån en integrerad dataanalys.  Resultat  I resultatet har det framkommit att motiverande samtal kan fungera för att främja hälsosamma kostvanor och fysisk aktivitet hos personer med typ 2-diabetes. Vidare visades att kommunikationen samt relationen förbättrades mellan sjuksköterskor och personer med typ 2-diabetes där även förbättrad fysisk, psykisk och social hälsa kunde ses. Resultatet diskuterades utifrån Travelbees omvårdnadsteori om mellanmänskliga aspekter av omvårdnad som handlar om att se personen bakom sjukdomen.  Slutsats  Denna litteraturöversikt belyser hur motiverande samtal kan fungera för att främja hälsosamma levnadsvanor och hälsa hos personer med typ 2-diabetes. Sammanställningen av aktuell forskning visar att det finns positiva samband mellan motiverande samtal och förbättrade kostvanor och fysisk aktivitet. Detta kan appliceras i sjuksköterskans profession för att stödja personer till förändrade levnadsvanor och hälsa. / Background  The prevalance of type 2 diabetes is increasing globally. Having unhealthy lifestyle habits increases the risk of complications and sequelae of diabetes and contributes to high social costs and the burden of disease in Sweden. Lifestyle habits include diet, physical activity, smoking and alcohol use. Nurses have an important role in promoting healthy lifestyles and health in people with type 2 diabetes. Stigmatization and lack of communication can make it difficult and constitute a barrier in the nurse's work and approach. Motivational interviewing is a person-centered counselling style that can be used to strengthen the person's motivation to change. There is a need to compile current research to see how motivational interviewing function in this context.  Aim  The aim was to describe motivational interviewing to promote healthy lifestyle habits and health in people with type 2 diabetes.  Method  In order to answer the purpose, a non-systematic literature review was made in which 11 scientific articles were included. The scientific articles were obtained from the databases PubMed, CINAHL and PsycInfo. The included articles have undergone a quality review in accordance with Sophiahemmet University's assessment documents. The result was analyzed based on an integrated data analysis.  Results  In the result, it has emerged that motivational interviewing can work to promote healthy dietary habits and physical activity in people with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, it was shown that communication and the relationship improved between nurses and people with type 2 diabetes, where improved physical, mental and social health could also be seen. The result was discussed based on Travelbee's nursing theory about interpersonal aspects of nursing which is about seeing the person behind the illness.  Conclusions  This literature review highlights how motivational interviewing works to promote healthy lifestyle habits and health in people with type 2 diabetes. The compilation of current research shows that there are positive connections between motivational interviewing and improved dietary habits and physical activity. This can be applied in the nursing profession to support people to change lifestyles and health.

This study was undertaken with the objective of assessing whether the ingestion of a Multivitamin Complex with Calcium and Magnesium would be efficacious in reducing stress. Tlrree hundred subjects who were suffering from stress were selected in Gauteng and Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa. The selection was based on a stress questionnaire. The subjects took a battery of tests and questionnaires to assess the level ofthe stress they were experiencing. A 30 day supply of effeiVescent tablets was given to all subjects - half placebos and half the vitamin supplement. These were randomly allocated. At the end of30 days a further battery oftests were administered. The results were statistically analysed. It was found that both the placebo and the vitamin supplement proved beneficial but the Multivitamin Complex with Calcium and Magnesium had a greater effect in reducing and helping to manage stress. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

Tyrimo tikslas: Įvertinti VU studentų gyvenseną ir mitybą Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti VU studentų dienos režimą ir fizinį aktyvumą. 2. Įvertinti VU studentų žalingus įpročius. 3. Įvertinti VU studentų mitybos režimą. 4. Įvertinti VU studentų faktinę mitybą. 5. Įvertinti VU studentų maisto papildų vartojimo ypatumus. Tyrimo populiacija: Biomedicinos, tiksliųjų, socialinių ir humanitarinių studijų krypčių, Vilniaus universiteto studentai. Apklausti vienuolikos VU fakultetų atitinkančių aukščiau paminėtas studijų kryptis studentai. Tyrimo imtį sudarė 702 VU studentai, iš jų 400 merginų ir 302 vaikinų. Tyrimo metodai: • Teorinė apžvalga • Anketinė apklausa • Faktinės mitybos tyrimas Anketinė apklausa buvo vykdoma 2010 metų, balandžio – gegužės mėnesį, panaudojant specialiai šiam tyrimui parengtą anketą, kurią sudarė dvi dalys. Pirma apklausos anketos dalis buvo skirta respondentų gyvensenos ypatumams įvertinti. Antroje anketos dalyje buvo surinkti studentų faktinės mitybos duomenys. Statistinė duomenų analizė buvo atlikta SPSS for Windows programos 17 versijos paketo pagalba ir Microsoft Office Excel 2007 programa. Faktinė mityba buvo tiriama 24 valandų apklausos būdu fiksuojant valgymo laiką, suvartojamų produktų, patiekalų ir gėrimų asortimentą bei jų kiekį. Maisto cheminės sudėties analizė atlikta naudojant maisto produktų cheminės sudėties lentelės, rezultatai lyginti su rekomenduojamomis paros maistinių medžiagų ir energijos normomis. Tyrimo rezultatai: Aktyviai fizinei... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The goal of the survey: To assess the lifestyle and dietary habits of students of Vilnius University. The tasks of the survey: 1. To assess the day regimen and physical activity of students of Vilnius University. 2. To assess addictions of students of Vilnius University. 3. To assess the dietary regimen of students of Vilnius University. 4. To assess the actual dietary habits of students of Vilnius University. 5. To assess the peculiarities of using food additives by students of Vilnius University. The population of the survey: Students of Vilnius University involved in study branches of Biomedicine, Exact Sciences, Social Sciences and Arts. Students of the said branches were interviewed at eleven faculties of Vilnius University. The sample under the survey included 702 students of Vilnius University - 400 females and 302 males. The methods of the survey: • Theoretical review • Interviewing under a questionnaire • Exploration of the actual dietary habits. The interviewing under a questionnaire was carried out in April - May 2010 using the questionnaire developed for this purpose. The questionnaire included two parts. The first part was used for assessing the peculiarities of the lifestyle of the respondents. In the second part of the questionnaire, the data on actual dietary habits of students were collected. The analysis of the statistical data was carried out using the version 17 of the software package SPSS for Windows and Microsoft Office Excel 2007. The actual dietary... [to full text]

S’inscrivant dans le cadre d’une étude pancanadienne portant sur la normalisation du cannabis et la stigmatisation du tabac, le principal objectif de cette recherche était de comprendre quelle place occupe l’évaluation des risques dans la compréhension des perceptions et comportements liés aux deux substances. Pour ce faire, à partir d’un devis mixte – quantitatif et qualitatif, nous avons 1) décrit les perceptions et opinions des participants quant à leur propre consommation de cannabis et/ou de tabac et quant à la consommation que font les gens en général des mêmes substances. Nous avons aussi 2) décrit comment les participants évaluent les risques liés à chacune des substances. Enfin, sachant que la perception du risque est intimement liée au comportement d’un individu, nous avons cherché 3) à préciser comment l’évaluation du risque agit sur les comportements et les opinions des quelques 50 participants, hommes et femmes âgés entre 20 et 49 ans, bien intégrés socialement, envers le tabac et le cannabis. Il s’avère que les fumeurs de cannabis, qui ont insisté sur la distinction à faire entre la manière dont ils font usage de la substance et une consommation abusive, valorisait le contrôle que leur permettait, selon eux, la consommation de cannabis. La consommation de cigarettes, quant à elle, était perçue négativement pour des raisons opposées puisque de l’avis des participants à l’étude, elle engendrerait chez le fumeur une incapacité à se maîtriser et un besoin compulsif de fumer. Dans cette optique, les risques liés au cannabis étaient perçus, par la plupart, comme étant contrôlables, à l’exception du jugement d’autrui qui demeurerait incertain et sur lequel il serait impossible d’avoir du contrôle. La réaction de certaines personnes de leur entourage étant ou bien imprévisible ou négative, c’est ce qui les amènerait à fumer principalement en privé. Le contrôle social formel aurait finalement peu d’influence étant donné le fort sentiment qu’ont les répondants qu’il ne s’appliquera tout simplement pas à eux. / In the context of a pan-Canadian study pertaining to the normalization of cannabis and the stigmatization regarding tobacco, the main objective of this research was to understand the importance given in the evaluation of the risks in the understanding of the perceptions and behaviors as they relate to the aforementioned substances. Based on a mixed method, qualitative and quantitative, the process undertaken was 1) to describe the perceptions and opinions of respondents regarding their own use of cannabis and/or tobacco as well as the use of the same substances by the general public. We then 2) described how the respondents evaluate the risks as they relate to each substance. Finally, knowing that the perception of the risks are intimately related to the behavior of an individual, we 3) sought to determine how the evaluation of risks affects the behaviors and opinions of the 50 study participants, all of whom are socially well adjusted men and women between the ages of 20 to 49, regarding tobacco and cannabis. The cannabis smokers insisted on the importance of making a distinction between the way they use the substance versus an abusive use. They ascertained that there was a degree of control regarding the use of cannabis. The use of tobacco was perceived negatively for opposite reasons as it created a dependency to the smoker, an incapacity to control its use and the creation of a compulsive urge to smoke. Given these optics, the risks related to use of cannabis were perceived by most as controllable with the exception of judgment from others which remained uncertain and which would be impossible to control. The reaction of certain people within their surroundings was either unpredictable or negative which lead them to smoke mainly in private. Finally, formal social control would very little influence on the respondents given the strong feeling they had that this did not apply to them.

The thesis "Representation of a healthy lifestyle and the ideal of beauty in the media: comparison of lifestyle magazines" deals with the representation and media image of a healthy lifestyle and the ideal of beauty in four Czech printed lifestyle magazines Muscle & Fitness, Dieta, Blesk zdraví and Nová Regena in period from May to October 2013. This thesis aims to analyze presented titles and find out how these magazines represent individual and different way of healthy lifestyle and the ideal of beauty. Under this objective, the content of the thesis is divided into a theoretical part, Czech media system, methodology part and analytical - empirical part. The theoretical part discusses the social and media construction of reality as an anchor basis, follows the theory of media representation, its components narratives and seriality and the theory of stereotyping. It is also analyzed the theoretical framework of lifestyle and the phenomena of contemporary society. The representation of a healthy lifestyle and the ideal of beauty was in examined magazines analyzed by a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of content analysis, whereby the emphasis was on linking theory and research. Quantitative analysis served as a supporting factor primarily for detecting the basic frequency of...

Concept of health education in kindergarten This thesis deals with the concept of a healthy lifestyle for preschool children and of health education in nursery schools. The first part of this work is the definition of "health" and individual determinants of health such as lifestyle, environment and health. The thesis deals with the various components of health education in kindergarten, the movement of children in kindergarten, nutrition, inner comfort and overall environment of the nursery school in the context of the Framework Curriculum for preschool education. The subject of research of this thesis is two-stage evaluation process and questionnaire, which is presented to teachers of kindergartens.