A partir de un análisis conjunto de los artículos 3 y 43 de la Constitución, se advierte que el Estado peruano presenta las características básicas de un modelo social y democrático de Derecho. De esta suerte, un punto importante que se debe tomar en cuenta es que el mismo engloba distintas funciones que se hallan en sintonía con los elementos libera, social y democrático que contiene y dan pie a dicha estructura

El presente trabajo analiza once (11) sentencias de la Corte Suprema de Justicia relativas al delito de difamación con el objetivo de identificar la utilidad y falencias del Acuerdo Plenario N°3-2006/CJ-116 en la resolución del conflicto entre el derecho al honor y los derechos a la libertad de expresión e información. Luego, con el apoyo de la jurisprudencia y doctrina pertinentes, se realiza un balance crítico del Acuerdo Plenario y se proponen reformulaciones más específicas de los criterios empleados en la ponderación. El estudio permite identificar que los criterios empleados en el juicio de ponderación propuesto (interés público, ofensividad formal y veracidad subjetiva) no fueron delimitados adecuadamente para evitar fallos disímiles y contribuir a la seguridad jurídica. El concepto de interés público no fue definido con precisión y se extendió indebidamente su aplicación al ámbito del espectáculo. Asimismo, considerar que la ofensividad debe ser “formal” resultó contraproducente porque centralizó el análisis en la ofensividad en abstracto, en lugar de prestar atención a la ofensividad real en el contexto concreto. Finalmente, la falta de criterios para la probanza del cumplimiento del deber de veracidad conllevó a que se le dé una incorrecta importancia a la verdad ex post del hecho informado, de manera contraria a la naturaleza subjetiva del deber de veracidad

The subject and scope of this dissertation is Paul’s use of honour and shame language in 1 Cor 1–6. The methodology applied is a modified socio-rhetorical criticism as developed by George A. Kennedy. Two interrelated aspects of first century Corinthian culture will also be examined in connection with Paul’s rhetoric in 1 Cor 1–6; that of the patron-client relationship and the role of honour and shame in that relationship and in the larger society. It will be argued that Paul’s rhetorical argument in 1 Cor 1–6 is heavily based upon the social values of honour and shame. This study will examine 1 Cor 1–6 in three sections. The first section to be examined will be that of 1:1–2:5. Paul begins this section by presenting Jesus as the super-patron who is over and above all the members of the congregation. This presentation of Jesus rebukes the patronal based factionalism and it also elevates Paul to the unique status as that of apostle and proclaimer Jesus. The second section to be examined will be 1 Cor 4. In this section Paul continues to reduce the status of the patrons as he elevates his own status. By the end of this section Paul seeks to re-establish himself not only as the apostle and proclaimer of Jesus, but also as the Corinthians’ father through the gospel. The third section to be examined will be 1 Cor 5–6. In this section it will be argued that Paul addresses three issues in connection with patronal abuse; that of the incestuous man in 1 Cor 5, the abuse of the law courts in 6:1–10, and immoral banquets in 6:11–20. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / D.Litt. et Phil. (Biblical Studies)

Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research evaluates and explores the problem of How stories of the beginning impact on the theological understanding of human dignity in relation to Genesis 6:1-4. 1. In this thesis, the first chapter was conducted through a literature study of existing research and current materials which include general articles, monographs and other related materials. It is argued that the stories of the beginning have much impact on the culture of honour and shame in understanding human dignity in southern Kaduna. 2. In the second chapter, the concepts of honour and shame were regarded as reciprocal terms that are defined in webs. As such, semantic fields were used to define and analyse the different views on honour and shame especially from the perspectives of the ancient Near East and Old Testament. 3. In the third chapter, the stories of beginning among the Atyap and their neighbours were related as significant for understanding right and wrong, and identity formation for human dignity and self-respect. 4. Notably in the fourth chapter, honour and shame in narratives are not merely important to the individual but also to the family, clan and tribe. Due to its implication, people worked hard to achieve honour or respect which is mostly bestowed as titles of repute on people. It is established from the creation narratives that Genesis 1-3 has been considered for human dignity research in the past but it is equally important to look at the neglected evidence in Genesis 6:1-4. 5. In the fifth chapter, an exposition of Genesis 6:1-4 was carried out to illustrate the idea of honour from the story about the בְנֵי־הָאֱלֹהִים who disrespectfully married the daughters of Cain. The honourable נְּפִלִים and גִברִֹים were interpreted as the sons of Seth who were active, living and had the likelihood of falling into such temptations. The prospect of giants, ―men of name‖ and ―heroes of renown‖ meekly stooping low to the shameful women was unthinkable at that time; as such, a picture of utter disrespect is painted from different angles. 6. In the sixth chapter, the culture of honour and shame required that so much effort be exerted daily on the populace in order to achieve respect. It was recommended that the Old Testament stories of the beginning remained noteworthy for the stories, ethnic groups and languages of southern Kaduna. Essentially, with respect to our question and hypotheses, honour and shame in Old Testament and ancient Near Eastern stories of the beginning facilitated the understanding of southern Kaduna stories. In view of the fact that everyone desires to be important, the notion of honour and shame became the scale for evaluating respect and value. It was equally useful for appreciating human dignity and not just as a tool of entertainment or for promoting cultural heritage, religious/ethical teaching and community interaction. It was concluded that unfamiliar cultures such as those of southern Kaduna can be useful as case studies for Old Testament research in the future and that scholars could focus on such neglected regions. In this research on honour and shame, we have also uncovered a fresh picture of the recreation of the earth and a new beginning of humankind from the story of the בְנֵי־הָאֱלֹהִים in Genesis 6:1-4. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie ondersoek evalueer die probleem wat verband hou met die vraag: Hoe word die begrippe van eer en skaamte uitgebeeld in die verhale oor die begin in suidelike Kaduna kulture en watter rol speel dit binne die handhawing van menswaardigheid in Genesis 6:1-4. 1. Die eerste hoofstuk word ingelei deur 'n literatuurstudie oor joernaalartikels, monografië en ander verwante materiaal. Daar word geargumenteer dat die verhale oor die begin respek in die vorm van eer en skaamte veronderstel en dat dit belangrik is vir die verstaan van menswaardigheid in die kulture van suidelike Kaduna. 2. In die tweede hoofstuk word die begrippe van eer en skaamte as wederkerige begrippe gedefinieer. Semantiese velde is gebruik om die betekenisnuanses van eer en skaamte vanuit ou Nabye Oosterse en Ou-Testamentiese perspektiewe te definieer en te analiseer. 3. Die derde hoofstuk ondersoek die verhale oor die begin wat deur die Atyap en hulle bure oorvertel word en wat as betekenisvol beskou word vir die begrip van reg en verkeerd, sowel as identiteitsvorming en menswaardigheid. 4. Van besondere belang is die vierde hoofstuk waar eer en skaamte se implikasies vir individue, families, sibbes en stamme uitgespel word. Die meeste mense streef na eer as vorm van respek wat veral in die titels en reputasies van mense gereflekteer word. Navorsing oor die skeppingsverhale het aangetoon dat Genesis 1 – 3 baie klem in die verlede ontvang het wanneer menswaardigheid ondersoek is; terwyl die afgeskeepte Genesis 6:1-4 weinig onder die akademiese soeklig geval het. 5. Die vyfde hoofstuk bestaan uit 'n eksegetiese ondersoek van Genesis 6:1-4 wat aantoon dat eer en skaamte betrokke is by die beskrywing van die seuns van God wat op 'n oneervolle manier met die dogters van Kain trou. Eer en skaamte is ook betrokke in die beskrywing van die Nefilim en die Giborim, wat gesamentlik as die seuns van Set verstaan word. Daar bestaan dus 'n teenstelling tussen die eerbiedwaardige reuse, manne van naam en helde met reputasie en die oneerbiedige omgang met die vroue van die aarde. 6. In die sesde hoofstuk word omskryf hoe daar 'n kultuur van eer en skaamte gevestig word ten einde respek af te dwing en menswaardigheid te handhaaf. Hierdie studie het vasgestel dat eer en skaamte van deurslaggewende belang is vir die verstaan van die verhale oor die begin in Kaduna, die ou Nabye Ooste en die Ou Testament. Die algemene strewe na belangrikheid maak eer en skaamte belangrike aspekte van 'n verwysingsraamwerk in terme waarvan respek en waardes beoordeel word. In dieselfde asem moet genoem word dat eer en skaamte 'n nuwe waardering vir menswaardigheid moontlik maak. Onbekende kulture soos die in suidelike Kaduna bied ook nuttige perspektiewe wat konstruktief in Ou-Testamentiese studie benut kan word – die rol van eer en skaamte in die interpretasie van die seuns van God in Genesis 6:1-4 is 'n goeie voorbeeld daarvan.

The study, “Between honor and shame: Martyrdom in 2 Maccabees 6-7 within the socio-cultural arena”, presents a look at how the community viewed martyrdom in 2 Maccabees 6:18-7:42 from the perspective of honor and shame. The chief objective is to determine whether or not the community supported or challenged the notion of the martyrs’ death being either honorable or shameful. In order to reach a satisfactory conclusion to this objective, this study set as goals the identification of key themes which shed light upon the views of the community in regard to the martyrs, as well as the investigation of the community’s understanding of honor and shame found in 2 Maccabees 6:18-7:42. This study incorporates a contextual analytical method comprising of an analysis of sociocultural vocabulary, an analysis of the socio-cultural vocabulary within the Greek text of 2 Maccabees 6:18-7:42 and a synthesis of the analysis of both the socio-cultural and the Greek context. As criteria for the study of the socio-cultural context the aspects of sacred-profane, pure-impure, the patron-client relationship and the relationship between individual and group(s) are implemented. Core-findings of this study may be divided into two main categories: evidence in defence of an honorable conduct during death, and evidence in defence of the dishonorable manner of death. Evidence in defence of honorable conduct during death, are: • The martyrs remain completely loyal and devoted to God (their Chief-Patron), His laws and • the customs of the forefathers. • They are portrayed as being bodily whole. • They safeguard their set-apartness. • They remain pure – especially in the ritualistic sense. • As individuals belonging to the collected identity of various groups, the martyrs prove themselves loyal and honorable. Evidence in defence for the dishonorable manner in which the martyrs die, are: • Torture was deemed disgraceful by the community and would therefore degrade honor. • Mutilation went into the very fabric of the wholeness of the body by destroying the bodily unity, thereby disqualifying a person to come into the realm of the sacred. • Certain members of the community would regard the martyrs’ rejection of the lesser patrons’ favor as disrespectful and therefore as dishonorable conduct. Despite this evidence, it is still found that the community could remain undecided on how to judge the martyrs and martyrdom. Therefore, it is proposed, and successfully implemented, that an emotional argument might be the key to tipping the scale toward viewing the martyrs and martyrdom as honorable. It must therefore be concluded that the community would have indeed challenged the notion of martyrdom being honorable, for torture and mutilations in themselves, were regarded as being disgraceful. Yet the community would have been persuaded to accept the honor of the martyrs because of their honorable conduct and the emotional appeal made by the author of Maccabees. / Thesis (MA (Greek))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Le présent mémoire de maîtrise renvoie à une analyse des situations de diffamation commise par l'avocat, dans le cadre d'une instance judiciaire, à l'égard de la partie adverse, de son représentant et du témoin. L'étude s'inscrit dans un double dessein de prévention et de sensibilisation auprès de la communauté juridique. L'interrogation inhérente à l'étude consiste à savoir si l'avocat est considéré à l'instar de tout particulier dans les poursuites pour diffamation civile. Doit-il conséquemment observer strictement ses devoirs de conduite professionnelle afin d'éviter toute situation potentiellement diffamatoire? Tout d'abord, nous cernerons le concept de diffamation civile en droit québécois en regard des sources législatives, des droits de la personnalité ou fondamentaux traités, ainsi que des éléments matériels juridiques constitutifs. À la lueur de cet exposé didactique, nous identifierons les devoirs de conduite professionnelle de l'avocat, dans le cadre d'une instance judiciaire, visant la proscription d'allégations diffamatoires. Il s'agit plus particulièrement des devoirs de modération et de courtoisie de l'avocat à l'égard des tiers. Enfin, nous examinerons la mise en oeuvre de la responsabilité civile de l'avocat en matière de diffamation. Plus spécifiquement, nous analyserons sa faute civile suivant les critères d'appréciation qui renvoient à la pertinence, à la véracité et à la bonne foi. Par ailleurs, nous critiquerons le recours, par la doctrine et la jurisprudence québécoises, à l'immunité relative de l'avocat. Nous référerons à la terminologie inadéquate d'«immunité relative» et à l'importation injustifiée de la common law en droit de la responsabilité civile québécois. / The present Master's Thesis studies the defamatory actions committed by the attorney towards the opposing party, the latter's representative and the witness. The study seeks to find ways of preventing defamation and heightening awareness for attorneys. The following questions will be examined : should an attorney be considered as a common individual in defamation cases? Should he, therefore, strictly follow his professional duties of conduct to prevent potential defamation situations? First, we will analyse the nature of defamation in Quebec civil law by looking at the laws governing it, the fundamental and personality rights attached to it and the juridical elements constituting it. In light of this, we will then identify the attorney's professional conduct duties with respect to his written and oral allegations. More particularly, the need to act with moderation and courtesy towards the third party will be discussed. Finally, the application of the attorney's civil responsibility will be examined, more specifically his civil fault in light of the following criteria: relevance, truthfulness and good faith. Moreover, the concepts related to the attorney's qualified privilege will also be assessed and criticized.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / This study will examine the statistical effects of varsity athletics on Naval Academy Midshipman performance. Academic performance averages, military performance averages, conduct grade, and honor violation are analyzed with respect to Midshipmen participating in varsity athletics versus non-varsity athletics. Using hierarchical regression analysis, the expectation is that varsity athletes make up the upper-echelon of the Brigade of Midshipmen than non-varsity athletes. In the analysis however, no statistical significance is discovered with respect to varsity athletics, and that, consequently, varsity athletes perform to the same degree as non-varsity athletes. The results further outline the need for better prediction measures of Midshipman Performance. / Lieutenant, United States Naval Reserve

Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) / La protección de los derechos fundamentales de los trabajadores en sede laboral fueron sujetos a diversos cambios tras extenderse fuera del ámbito exclusivo del derecho constitucional. La creación de un procedimiento con aplicabilidad directa marcó un cambio al interior del Derecho del Trabajo. Surgieron novedades que dan cuenta de los derechos de los trabajadores como intereses jurídicos protegidos que pueden igualar en peso a las facultades de mando del empleador. El nuevo escenario obligó a replantearse la forma en que deben abordarse las relaciones laborales tanto de dependencia como entre pares. La doctrina intentó explicar la naturaleza del nuevo escenario y sus formas de aplicación mediante la identificación de principios y alternativas. Surge como ejemplo del nuevo paradigma el derecho a la honra. Se somete a un proceso de análisis doctrinario que deriva en la identificación de conductas por órganos administrativos. Los patrones identificados en sede administrativa encuentran reconocimiento judicial. El análisis jurisprudencial revela factores al interior de conductas realizadas tanto durante la vigencia de la relación laboral como tras su término. Se cuestionan los alcances de las conductas imputables al empleador y su relación con la institución del despido indirecto.

The purpose of this thesis work is to investigate how research on honor-related violence is structured and how this can potentially affect social work. The scientific problem we see is about the fact that the polarized debate regarding honor-related violence is a growing problem, not only in Sweden, but also in other Nordic countries. Honor-related violence is an effect of when the honor becomes affected and the person who is subjected to honor-related violence is controlled by the family´s norms and rules, this can lead to sanctions in the form of mental and physical violence. Our research question aims to investigate how research on honor-related violence in Sweden is structured and how the polarized explanations of culture and intersectionality can influence the social work on honor-related violence. We argue that the polarized and shifting explanations of cause for the honor-related violence affect the social work and the education of social workers. The research question and the related issues have been studied through a qualitative inductive research approach and the empirical material has been analyzed based on Laclau and Mouffe’s social constructivist discourse analytical instruments. We analyzed seven research works written by researchers in Sweden. What we intend to study is how these researchers portray and structure honor-related violence based on the two causal explanations of culture and intersectionality. The result shows that the cultural explanation model is more prevalent than the intersectinal line of argument regarding the honor-related violence. The empirical material define the nature of honor-related ciolence in a similar way, but that the explanations of cause separates them. Our conclusion is, among other things, that we see how one cannot relate to honor-related violence without looking at culture, but that the intersectional analysis of violence also is necessary in order to be able to absorb all surrounding influencing factors. The intersectional perspective on honor-related violence, however, emphasizes that the cultural explanation becomes a fact when research has not succeeded in solving how social work practice should deviate from a cultural stereotyping when it comes to the issue of honor-related violence. / Syftet med detta uppsatsarbete är att undersöka hur forskning kring hedersrelaterat våld är strukturerat och hur detta potentiellt kan påverka det sociala arbetet. Det vetenskapliga problemet som vi ser föreligger handlar om att den polariserade debatten om det hedersrelaterade våldet på politisk nivå även går att urskilja på en forkskarnivå. Hedersrelaterat våld är ett växande problem, inte bara i Sverige, utan även i andra nordiska länder. Hedersrelaterat våld är en effekt av när hedern blir drabbad och den som blir utsatt för hedersrelaterat våld blir kontrollerad av familjens eller släktens normer och regler, detta kan leda till sanktioner i form av psykiskt och fysiskt våld. Vår forskningsfråga ämnar att undersöka hur forskning om hedersrelaterat våld i Sverige är strukturerad och hur de polariserade orsaksförklaringarna kultur och intersektionalitet kan påverka det sociala arbetet kring hedersrelaterat våld. Vi hävdar att de polariserade och skiftande orsaksförklaringarna kring det hedersrelaterade våldet påverkar det sociala arbete och socionomers utbildning. Forskningsfrågan och de tillhörande frågeställningarna har studerats genom en kvalitativ induktiv forskningsansats och det empiriska materialet har analyserats utifrån Laclau och Mouffes socialkonstruktivistiska diskursanalytiska instrument. Vi har analyserat sju stycken forskningsverk skrivna av forskare i Sverige. Det vi ämnar att studera är hur dessa forskningsverk porträtterar och strukturerar hedersrelaterat våld utifrån de två orsaksförklaringarna kulturförklaringar och intersektionalitet. Resultatet visar att den kulturella förklaringsmodellen är mer förekommande än den  intersektionella argumentationslinje gällande det hedersrelaterade våldet. Alla forskningsverk definierar det hedersrelaterade våldets art på liknande sätt, men att orsaksförklaringarna går isär. Vår slutsats är bland annat att vi ser hur en ej kan förhålla sig till hedersrelaterat våld utan att se till kultur, men att den intersektionella analysen av våldet också är nödvändig för att kunna ta in alla omkringliggande påverkande faktorer. Det intersektionella perspektivet kring hedersrelaterat våld poängterar dock att den kulturella förklaringen blir ett faktum då forskning inte lyckats lösa hur en inom det sociala arbetets praktik ska avvända en kulturell stereotypisering när det kommer till frågan om hedersproblematik.

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-03-23T14:07:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 palavras_honra.pdf: 2311280 bytes, checksum: b5043b53298a1dc5780883bac9f58e3b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-23T14:07:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 palavras_honra.pdf: 2311280 bytes, checksum: b5043b53298a1dc5780883bac9f58e3b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-14 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / PROSUP - Programa de Suporte à Pós-Gradução de Instituições de Ensino Particulares / Este é um estudo da representação da honra na sociedade sul-rio-grandense do século XIX a partir de obra romanesca. Analisa os romances de José Antônio do Vale Caldre e Fião: A Divina Pastora, de 1847, e O Corsário, de 1849. A análise das obras foi orientada pelos aportes teóricos da antropologia cultural, para o conceito de honra, e da nova história cultural, para a conceituação das representações sociais. Foram selecionados episódios das narrativas romanescas em que a honra estava em foco: honra masculina, honra feminina e defesa violenta da honra. Por meio desse processo investigativo pretendeu-se explicitar uma visão construída pela literatura sobre a sociedade sul-rio-grandense na qual a honra e sua defesa são fundamentais para a sua compreensão da identidade cultural dos homens do século XIX. / This is a study on representation of honor in Rio Grande do Suls Nineteenth Century society based on two novels. It analyzes José Antônio do Vale Caldre Fiãos novels A Divina Pastora (1847) and O Corsário (1849). That analysis was guided by cultural anthropologys theoretical constructs concerning the concept of honor, as well as those of the new cultural History, also concerning the conceptualization of social representations. Episodes of the novels mentioned above have been selected in which the focus is on honor - both male and female honor as well as violent defense of ones honor. By this investigative process, one aims to render explicit a particular view developed by literature of Rio Grande do Suls society, in which honor and its defense are fundamental to a proper understanding of cultural identity as it relates to men in the Nineteen Century.