In der qualitativen Forschungsarbeit wird die Frage bearbeitet: "Wie interpretieren sich von Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit betroffene Menschen hinsichtlich ihrer sozialen Anerkennung in einer Arbeitsgesellschaft, in der Arbeit als verpflichtender Wert eine zentrale Stellung einnimmt und in der aber zugleich nicht genügend Arbeitsmöglichkeiten zur Verfügung stehen?". Dazu wird zuerst das Verhältnis von Erwerbsarbeit und Arbeitsgesellschaft diskutiert, um so ein begriffliches Verständnis von Erwerbsarbeit herauszuarbeiten. Anschließend werden Wandlungsprozesse der Arbeitsgesellschaft betrachtet, um einen Bedeutungszuwachs von Erwerbsarbeit im Zuge dieses zu verdeutlichen und um das Konzept der Ökonomisierung des Sozialen und der ökonomischen Einstellung einzuführen. In das bis dahin Skizzierte, soll dann über den Zwischenschritt der Einführung eines Konzeptes von sozialer Anerkennung ein Verständnis von Arbeitslosigkeit und Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit platziert werden. Aus den dadurch deutlich werdenden Schnittflächen, Kontrasten und Querverbindungen, kann dem dann anstehenden Forschungsvorhaben eine Form gegeben werden. Das Konzept der sozialen Anerkennung ist dabei bewusst zwischen den Betrachtungen zur Arbeitsgesellschaft und denen zur Arbeitslosigkeit platziert. Denn dieses soll bei der Explikation des Begriffsverständnisses von Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit, schon als Hintergrundfolie mitgedacht werden können. Daran anschließend wird eine theoretische Verknüpfung von Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit und sozialer Anerkennung vorgenommen und mit einem Blick auf den aktuellen Forschungsstand zur Thematik der Übergang zum Forschungsteil geschaffen.

The study is intended to identify the methods teachers use to develop students' reading skills, how they select methods and why. The thesis begins with learning theories and previous research on the topic and an explanation of the different literacy learning methods.  The study is a qualitative study and includes ten interviews with teachers working in four different counties. The interviews have been analysed and discussed with the basis in the study's aim and research questions. The result shows that all teachers choose to mix synthetic and analytical literacy learning methods. They do this to meet each individual student at his level in the processes of literacy learning. There is not one method that suits all students, but, there are methods that are suitable for everyone. According to the interviewed teachers, it is a big difference in the achievement levels in reading in grade one. Some students only recognise the letters in their own name, some students already know all the letters of the alphabet, some read short words, and some have begun to read “easy to read” chapter-books.  Their choices are made to get varied and interesting teaching and combining different methods and approaches to be able to capture all the students. The challenge is to get everyone to feel like they are a part of the community of reading and writing in the classroom and that everyone feels like a reader and a writer. All the teachers in the survey mean that the reading and writing education should be based on the students and have a content that interests them to be fruitful for the students. / Studien syftar till att kartlägga metoder verksamma lärare använder för att utveckla elevers läsförmåga, hur de väljer metoder och varför. Uppsatsen inleds med beskrivningar av lärandeteorier och tidigare forskning om ämnet samt en redogörelse av olika läsinlärningsmetoder. Undersökningen är en kvalitativ studie och omfattar tio intervjuer med verksamma lärare från fyra olika kommuner. Intervjuerna har analyserats och diskuterats utifrån studiens syfte och frågeställningar. Resultatet visar att samtliga lärare väljer att blanda syntetiska och analytiska läsinlärningsmetoder, detta gör de för att kunna möta varje enskild elev på dennes nivå i läsinlärningprocessen. Det finns inte en metod som passar alla elever däremot finns metoder som passar för varje individ. Enligt de intervjuade lärarna är det stor skillnad på kunskapsnivåerna i läsning i årskurs ett. En del elever känner bara igen bokstäverna i sitt eget namn, några elever kan alla bokstäver i alfabetet, andra läser korta ord och vissa har börjat att läsa lättlästa kapitelböcker när de börjar årskurs ett. Deras val är gjorda för att få en varierad och intressant undervisning och de kombinerar olika metoder och tillvägagångsätt för att kunna fånga upp alla elever. Utmaningen är att få alla att känna sig som en del av läs- och skrivgemenskapen i klassen och känna sig som läsare och skrivare. Alla lärare i undersökningen menar att läs- och skrivundervisningen ska utgå från eleverna och ha ett innehåll som intresserar dem för att den ska vara givande för eleverna.

A pré-fabricação na arquitetura ainda costuma ser associada à monotonia, repetição, rigidez, e, sobretudo, impossibilidade de participação dos usuários na concepção do produto. Em contraponto a essas associações, dentro de um contexto de expansão global dos sistemas industrializados destinados à construção civil, esse trabalho se propõe a investigar distintas maneiras de aplicar métodos pré-fabricados ao projeto arquitetônico. Faz-se aqui uma análise de três diferentes lógicas de seriação e 5 exibilização utilizadas na produção industrial: o Sistema Fechado, o Sistema Aberto e o Sistema Flexibilizado, buscando-se identi6 car as formas de cada um relacionar-se com o exercício de projeto e em que resultam ou poderiam resultar as diferentes lógicas de seriação e individualização. Objetivando-se identi6 car os fatores que conferem identidade aos projetos face ao emprego de métodos construtivos pré-fabricados, adotou-se, para estudos de caso, a arquitetura de moradia. Tipologia essa que apresenta as relações de maior con5 ito entre individualização e produção seriada. / Prefabrication in architecture is still associated to boredom, repetition, in5 exibility and, mainly, to an impossibility of having users’ participation in the product design. As a counterweight to these associations, within a context of global development of industrialized systems in urban construction, this dissertation proposes an investigation of different ways to apply prefabricated methods to architectural project. Here I do an analysis of three different approaches to serialization and 5 exibilization used in the industrial production: the Closed System, the Open System and the Flexibilized System, trying to identify the way in which each system relates to the execution of the project. I also look at possible results of these different approaches to serialization and individualization. Aiming at specifying the elements which grant identity to the project in terms of the employment of prefabricated building methods, we adopted the housing architecture as case study, since this kind of architecture is the one which presents the biggest con5 icting relations between individualization and serialized production.

[pt] O trabalho consiste em um exame de alguns aspectos da teoria dos sistemas jurídicos desenvolvida por Joseph Raz, notadamente da identidade dos sistemas jurídicos e da individualização de disposições jurídicas. Ao expor suas bases teóricas de forma crítica, e apresentar concepções alternativas propostas por outros autores, especialmente por F. Schauer, resta demonstrado que o caráter peremptório das razões para a ação, tido por Raz como um dos pilares de sua teoria do direito, não só não reflete a maneira como normalmente enxergamos o direito, mas também não compromete sua concepção de Direito. / [en] This work consists on an analysis about some aspects of Joseph Raz theory of legal systems, specially the identity of legal systems and individuation of laws. By exposing critically its theoretic basis and presenting alternative conceptions proposed by others authors, specially F. Schauer, it rests demonstrated that the peremptory character of reasons for action, understood by Raz as one of the basis of his conception of Law, does not reflect the way most people see and understand Law and does not affect Raz Laws conception.

Diplomová práce pojednává o využití portfolia pro sebehodnocení žáků ve třetím ročníku, které by mělo plnohodnotně sloužit k běžné diagnostice ze strany učitele a dále by mělo plnit funkci zpětné vazby pro žáka a rodiče při sledování jeho výsledků a pokroků. Teoretická část práce se zabývá vymezením pojmu sebehodnocení a práce s ním v jeho širším kontextu, zejména ve vazbě na hodnocení žáků a diagnostickou činnost učitele. Cílem diplomové práce je na základě teoretických poznatků a výzkumných dat navrhnout a zavést taková opatření, která by posunula stav již existujícího portfolia a sebehodnocení na kvalitativně vyšší úroveň jak po stránce obsahové, tak i v samotném po stránce obsahové i v samotném způsobu práce s ním. Pro dosažení stanoveného cíle byla zvolena metoda kvalitativního výzkumu, která je vymezena a interpretována ve výzkumné části práce. Klíčová slova: sebehodnocení, žák, hodnocení, individualizace, kritéria, motivace, portfolio žáka, zpětná vazba, zapojení rodičů Abstract This dissertation work deals with the use of a third-grade self-assessment portfolio for students, which should be used for normal diagnostics by the teacher and should serve as a feedback for students and also for parents in monitoring their results and progress. The theoretical part deals with the definition of the...

Submitted by Cristiane de Melo Shirayama (cristiane.shirayama@unifesp.br) on 2018-04-13T21:19:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Ricardo_Jurca.pdf: 863630 bytes, checksum: 29d685372c03fab426a2a0abd347e669 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diogo Misoguti (diogo.misoguti@gmail.com) on 2018-04-17T18:06:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Ricardo_Jurca.pdf: 863630 bytes, checksum: 29d685372c03fab426a2a0abd347e669 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-17T18:06:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Ricardo_Jurca.pdf: 863630 bytes, checksum: 29d685372c03fab426a2a0abd347e669 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Nos últimos vinte e cinco anos, houve muitos avanços institucionais nas políticas de saúde, como investimento em recursos humanos, em ciência e tecnologia, a priorização da atenção básica, além de um grande processo de descentralização da oferta, a ampliação da participação social e a maior conscientização sobre o direito à saúde. No entanto, as relações entre o SUS e a ANS impõem importantes desafios para o futuro do sistema universal. Quais as relações sociais e político-institucionais que levaram à atual configuração – de complementariedade ou de dualidade – entre o direito à saúde individual versus a saúde coletiva, segundo a perspectiva da individualização? Os fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos dessa abordagem podem ser encontrados em ―A Sociedade de Risco: rumo a uma outra modernidade‖, de Ulrich Beck (2010). Segundo a teoria social desse autor, o aprofundamento do processo de individualização torna os indivíduos sujeitos da construção de sua própria identidade e biografia, ou seja, as estruturas que constituem limites para os indivíduos, segue a imposição da responsabilidade individual sobre as velhas exigências sistêmicas, a saber: o ajuste à lógica do mercado de trabalho para assegurar o direito social à saúde. Convive-se com uma dinâmica de dificuldades institucionais e de ―sofrimento organizacional‖ que desregula as práticas sociais e bloqueia as ações da sociedade civil e, diante disso, esta dissertação procura examinar o depoimento de usuários dos planos de saúde para a qual são decisivas a configuração e alteração das condições de vida, a partir dos relatórios da CPI dos Planos de Saúde, que vigorou entre junho e novembro de 2003. A despeito dos avanços institucionais recentes nas políticas de saúde, os planos de saúde no Brasil ainda carecem de uma regulamentação, especialmente na relação público/privado. Sobre as bases da individualização da sociedade, será possível assegurar o direito à saúde no mercado, retomando os princípios do interesse público? / In the last twenty-five years there have been many advances in institutional health policies as an investment in human resources in science and technology, the prioritization of primary, plus a large decentralization of supply, increasing social participation and greater awareness about the right to health. However, the relationship between the SUS and the ANS impose important challenges for the future of the universal system. What are the social and institutional policy that led to the current configuration - complementarity or duality - between the right to health individual versus collective health, from the perspective of individualization? The theoretical and methodological foundations of this approach can be found in the ―Risk Society: towards another modernity‖, Ulrich Beck (2010). According to social theory that author , the deepening of the process of individualization makes individuals subjects of the construction of their own identity and biography, the structures that constitute limits for individuals, following the imposition of individual liability on the old systemic requirements, namely adjusting the logic of the labor market to ensure the social right to health. Living with a dynamic institutional difficulties and "organizational distress" that deregulates social practices and blocks the actions of civil society and, before that, this paper seeks to examine the testimony of members of health plans for which are crucial to setting and changing conditions of life, from the reports of the CPI of Health Plans, which ran between June and November 2003. Despite recent advances in institutional health policies, health plans in Brazil still lack of regulation, especially in the public/ private relationship. On the basis of the individualization of society, you can ensure the right to health in the market, resuming the principles of public interest?

A pré-fabricação na arquitetura ainda costuma ser associada à monotonia, repetição, rigidez, e, sobretudo, impossibilidade de participação dos usuários na concepção do produto. Em contraponto a essas associações, dentro de um contexto de expansão global dos sistemas industrializados destinados à construção civil, esse trabalho se propõe a investigar distintas maneiras de aplicar métodos pré-fabricados ao projeto arquitetônico. Faz-se aqui uma análise de três diferentes lógicas de seriação e 5 exibilização utilizadas na produção industrial: o Sistema Fechado, o Sistema Aberto e o Sistema Flexibilizado, buscando-se identi6 car as formas de cada um relacionar-se com o exercício de projeto e em que resultam ou poderiam resultar as diferentes lógicas de seriação e individualização. Objetivando-se identi6 car os fatores que conferem identidade aos projetos face ao emprego de métodos construtivos pré-fabricados, adotou-se, para estudos de caso, a arquitetura de moradia. Tipologia essa que apresenta as relações de maior con5 ito entre individualização e produção seriada. / Prefabrication in architecture is still associated to boredom, repetition, in5 exibility and, mainly, to an impossibility of having users’ participation in the product design. As a counterweight to these associations, within a context of global development of industrialized systems in urban construction, this dissertation proposes an investigation of different ways to apply prefabricated methods to architectural project. Here I do an analysis of three different approaches to serialization and 5 exibilization used in the industrial production: the Closed System, the Open System and the Flexibilized System, trying to identify the way in which each system relates to the execution of the project. I also look at possible results of these different approaches to serialization and individualization. Aiming at specifying the elements which grant identity to the project in terms of the employment of prefabricated building methods, we adopted the housing architecture as case study, since this kind of architecture is the one which presents the biggest con5 icting relations between individualization and serialized production.

The thesis is focused on the adolescence as a particular life period of a man. Its aim is to analyze this period in connection with free time. Moreover it tries to point out the influence of value orientation of each individual which is reflected in one{\crq}s free time. And the topic is related to the society and current period called postmodernism. It deals with the influence of consumer culture that presses on the teenagers and with manifestations of this influence. It tempts to draw the attention to the crisis of so called traditional values and the antagonism between what people believe in and what they do. Finally I am trying to point at the possibilities of the free-time pedagogy that disposes of the methods, which can efficiently reduce problematic aspects brought by current time.

A pré-fabricação na arquitetura ainda costuma ser associada à monotonia, repetição, rigidez, e, sobretudo, impossibilidade de participação dos usuários na concepção do produto. Em contraponto a essas associações, dentro de um contexto de expansão global dos sistemas industrializados destinados à construção civil, esse trabalho se propõe a investigar distintas maneiras de aplicar métodos pré-fabricados ao projeto arquitetônico. Faz-se aqui uma análise de três diferentes lógicas de seriação e 5 exibilização utilizadas na produção industrial: o Sistema Fechado, o Sistema Aberto e o Sistema Flexibilizado, buscando-se identi6 car as formas de cada um relacionar-se com o exercício de projeto e em que resultam ou poderiam resultar as diferentes lógicas de seriação e individualização. Objetivando-se identi6 car os fatores que conferem identidade aos projetos face ao emprego de métodos construtivos pré-fabricados, adotou-se, para estudos de caso, a arquitetura de moradia. Tipologia essa que apresenta as relações de maior con5 ito entre individualização e produção seriada. / Prefabrication in architecture is still associated to boredom, repetition, in5 exibility and, mainly, to an impossibility of having users’ participation in the product design. As a counterweight to these associations, within a context of global development of industrialized systems in urban construction, this dissertation proposes an investigation of different ways to apply prefabricated methods to architectural project. Here I do an analysis of three different approaches to serialization and 5 exibilization used in the industrial production: the Closed System, the Open System and the Flexibilized System, trying to identify the way in which each system relates to the execution of the project. I also look at possible results of these different approaches to serialization and individualization. Aiming at specifying the elements which grant identity to the project in terms of the employment of prefabricated building methods, we adopted the housing architecture as case study, since this kind of architecture is the one which presents the biggest con5 icting relations between individualization and serialized production.

L’action collective urbaine est confrontée à une double injonction potentiellement contradictoire en matière de mobilité quotidienne. Elle doit garantir l’accès à la mobilité pour tous et réduire les mobilités individuelles motorisées. Avec la pluralisation des politiques urbaines, cet enjeu de cohérence se double d’un enjeu de coordination, qui subsume la traditionnelle cohérence urbanisme-transport.Cette thèse interroge la conciliation des enjeux d’accès à la mobilité et de mobilité durable. L’étude analyse la prise en compte des inégalités d’accès à la mobilité dans les politiques urbaines de la Communauté Urbaine de Lyon. Les aides à la mobilité des politiques de retour à l’emploi et les Plans de déplacement inter-entreprises portés par la politique temporelle, sont comparés à la tarification sociale et l’amélioration de la desserte des quartiers défavorisés de la politique de transport.Les résultats montrent que les enjeux sociaux n’ont jamais fait l’objet d’une attention aussi grande, avec le passage d’un droit au transport pour tous à un droit au transport ciblé et l’émergence de droits à la mobilité. Mais, la conciliation entre les enjeux potentiellement contradictoires d’accès à la mobilité pour tous et de mobilité durable est difficile à l’échelle d’agglomération, ces enjeux étant concurrents lorsque sont arbitrés les choix politiques et financiers. La prise en compte des enjeux sociaux est retardée, limitée, voire oubliée en cours de route, la stratégie d’agglomération étant orientée vers l’attractivité économique et l’exemplarité en matière de développement durable. / Urban policies have to conciliate the paradoxical stakes that are access to mobility for everyone on one hand and personal car use reduction on the other hand. Considering the pluralisation of urban policies, this issue is not only a matter of coherence but also of coordination that subsumes the coordination of land-use planning and transport.This study examines how urban policies conciliate access to mobility and sustainable mobility. It analyzes how urban policies take into account access to mobility inequalities in the Greater Lyon. Innovative mobility services (access to work initiatives and Inter-Companies Commuter Plans) are compared with transport policies.The unprecedented focus on social issues results of the shift from a right to transport to a targeted right to transport and the joint emergence of rights to mobility. But, since they are competing when political and financial choices are arbitrated, conciliating these potentially contradictory issues is difficult at the local urban scale. Social issues are taken into account with delay or limited or forgotten with the Greater Lyon’ strategies being concentrated on economic competitiveness and sustainable development exemplarity.