Orientador: Luzia Margareth Rago / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T19:23:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nogueira_NadiaCristina_D.pdf: 1661949 bytes, checksum: d384fb2db77ad8270c93975efe941dff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Esta tese reflete sobre as condições subjetivas relativas à relação amorosa entre Lota Macedo Soares e Elizabeth Bishop, entendendo que elas foram capazes de inventar vínculos afetivos e sexuais fora dos espaços institucionais, como a família e a maternidade. No contexto dessa experiência, elas assumiram novas maneiras de relacionarem-se consigo mesmas e com o meio social no qual estavam inseridas. Considerado perversão, doença, associado à criminalidade, assim o homoerotismo feminino foi nomeado pelos discursos médico-legais. Neste trabalho, resgato a discussão sobre essas práticas, sublinhando a importância da sua desconstrução, por entender que esse pensamento conservador discriminou as mulheres envolvidas nessas relações. Ademais, aproximo-me dos estudos que tornaram visíveis a diversidade das experiências femininas, atentando para a divisão binária da sociedade sob a qual o sexo tornou-se uma evidência inquestionável apagando as múltiplas formas de manifestação do humano. / Abstract: This thesis reflects upon the subjective conditions regarding Lota Macedo Soares and Elizabeth Bishop?s love relationship, understanding that they were able to create affective and sexual ties outside institutionalized spaces such as family and maternity. Within this experience, they assumed new ways to relate with themselves as well as with the social environment in which they were inserted. Considered perversion, sickness, associated to criminality, so was the female homoerotism referred to by the legal-medical discourses. In this work, I rescue a discussion on these practices, underlining the importance of deconstruction, understanding that this conservative thinking discriminated women involved in this kind of relationship. Furthermore, I approach the studies that rescued the diversity of the female experience, noticing the social binary division under which sex became unquestionable evidence that erased the multiple forms of human manifestations. / Doutorado / Historia Cultural / Doutor em História

Abstract Bisexuality became a viable identity in Finnish sexual culture in the early 1990’s. Prior to this, bisexuality was not a concept to which identities could be credibly attached. Instead, the concept was used to explain the fundamental nature of human sexuality. This usage also played a role in sexual minority politics, explaining the existence of homosexuality and justifying its acceptance. Bisexuality has helped define the border between comprehensible and incomprehensible sexuality, at certain times strengthening the normal, at other times positioning itself among the weirdest of the weird. The research material of this dissertation includes volumes of publications by the Finnish organizations active in sexual minority politics from the years 1969–1994, volumes of porn magazines from the years 1972–2006, a selection of single articles collected from mainstream press from the years 1993–2012 as well as interviews of 40 Finnish bisexuals from the years 1999, 2005 and 2009–2010. There is a total of 52 interviews, 12 of the informants having been interviewed twice. These interviews form a longitudinal study of Finnish bisexuals and their experiences. This doctoral thesis explores the question of how changes in Finnish legislation, sexual minority politics and media landscape have affected the concept of bisexuality and the experiences of the people who define their sexuality through that concept. This research traces the processes which made bisexuality a viable identity term in Finland after the removal of same-sex fornication from the criminal law. The concept of bisexuality has seen frequent use in porn as well, and the study reflects on how bisexual experiences can be characterized in a situation where the concept of bisexuality has been pornified. This research explains how bisexuality evolved from an instrument of sexual minority politics in the 1970’s and 1980’s to a concept employed by identity politics starting from the 1990’s, and finally to a term which can be used to entice and entertain different audiences in the 2010’s. / Tiivistelmä Biseksuaalisuus identiteettinä on tullut suomalaisessa seksuaalikulttuurissa mahdolliseksi 1990-luvun alkupuolelta lähtien. Ennen tätä biseksuaalisuus ei ollut käsite, johon identiteettiä olisi uskottavasti voinut kiinnittää, vaan käsite, jonka avulla selitettiin inhimillisen seksuaalisuuden perusluonnetta. Tässä roolissa käsite toimi myös seksuaalivähemmistöpolitiikassa homoseksuaalisuuden olemassaolon ja hyväksyttävyyden oikeuttajana. Biseksuaalisuus on määrittänyt ymmärrettävän ja käsittämättömän seksuaalisen halun rajaa, välillä toimien normaalin vahvistajana, välillä sijoittuen oudoista oudoimman alueelle. Väitöstutkimuksen aineistona on seksuaalivähemmistöpoliittisten järjestöjen julkaisujen vuosikertoja vuosilta 1969-1994, pornolehtien vuosikertoja vuosilta 1972–2006, valtavirtalehdistöstä kerätty, yksittäisistä artikkeleista koostuva aineisto vuosilta 1993–2012, sekä 40 suomalaisen biseksuaalin haastattelua vuosilta 1999, 2005 ja 2009–2010. Yhteensä haastatteluja on 52, eli 12 haastateltavaa on haastateltu kahdesti. Haastattelut muodostavat suomalaisia biseksuaaleja ja heidän kokemuksiaan käsittelevän pitkittäistutkimuksen. Väitöskirjassa vastataan siihen, miten muutokset suomalaisessa lainsäädännössä, seksuaalivähemmistöpolitiikassa ja mediamaisemassa ovat vaikuttaneet biseksuaalisuuden käsitteeseen ja niiden ihmisten kokemuksiin, jotka määrittävät seksuaalisuutensa tuon käsitteen kautta. Tutkimus jäljittää sitä, millaisten prosessien kautta biseksuaalisuudesta tuli mahdollinen identiteettitermi samansukupuolisen haureuden rikoslaista poistamisen jälkeisessä Suomessa. Biseksuaalisuuden käsite on taajaan käytössä myös pornossa, ja tutkimus pohtii myös, miten biseksuaalista kokemusta voi luonnehtia tilanteessa, jossa biseksuaalisuuden käsite on pornoistunut. Tutkimus selvittää, miten biseksuaalisuus muuttui 1970- ja 1980-lukujen seksuaalivähemmistöpoliittisesta välineestä 1990-luvulta alkaen identiteettipoliittiseksi käsitteeksi, ja lopulta termiksi, jonka avulla voi 2010-luvulla viihdyttää ja houkutella erilaisia yleisöjä.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:08:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_joao_ricard.pdf: 640636 bytes, checksum: d72cbc2861ebd578e38438ac7852747e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-01 / Social changes in the last decades have been generating profound alterations in the way how affective relationships are established, originating multiple family configurations. Among these new families, we highlight the conjugality and parenthood relations in homosexual couples, which are the central thematic of this research. We focused our analysis on how lesbian women are living conjugality and parenthood. Our sample was constituted by seven women, who maintain a love relationship with other women and, in these relations, share the caring with one or two children. We aimed to understand the affective universe of these women through their narratives. By the time of the interview, all of them were residents in Recife Metropolitan Region and had middle class social status, with ages varying from 30 to 46 years old. To classify social status the following social indicators were used: formal education level, profession, residence location and monthly income. Although it was not a prerequisite for our investigation, all of them had experienced one or two previous heterosexual conjugalities. Those relationships made possible the access to children. Six of them are biological mothers and one of them is an adoptive one. The interview began with a starter question, which was: how is your conjugality at the moment and how is it to share this relationship with your kid(s)? The narratives were submitted to Content Analysis. Three units of meaning were identified: the homosexual condition, conjugality between women and parenthood in the couple. The homosexual condition showed that those women s homosexuality was never something permanent. It appeared with time, through the desire of a sexual practice based on affectivity and on the possibility of new findings regarding the exercise of sexuality. Conjugality is lived as a pleasant experience, despite the challenges faced in the transition from a heterosexual to a homosexual relationship. All of the participants trust on these new relations, as they find in their relationship contracts the affective possibilities of a equalitarian parenthood. Therefore, the parenthood relation supplements a family dynamics based on the couple s possibility to share affective bonds and the necessary responsibilities of raising the children / As mudanças sociais das últimas décadas têm gerado profundas alterações na forma de se estabelecer vínculos afetivos, dando origem a múltiplas configurações familiares. Entre estas novas famílias, destacam-se as relações de conjugalidade e de parentalidade entre casais homossexuais, tema central desta pesquisa. Nosso foco de análise foi o modo como estão sendo vivenciadas as conjugalidades e as parentalidades entre mulheres lésbicas. A amostra se constituiu de sete mulheres que mantém uma relação amorosa com outras mulheres e nestas relações, compartilham os cuidados com um ou dois filhos. Procuramos compreender o universo afetivo destas mulheres a partir de suas narrativas. Todas elas residiam, na ocasião da entrevista, na Região Metropolitana do Recife, pertenciam à camada sociocultural média e se encontravam na faixa etária entre 30 e 46 anos. Os indicadores sociais levados em consideração para definir a camada social foram: grau de instrução, profissão, local de convivência e renda mensal. Embora não tenha sido pré-requisito para a nossa investigação, todas elas vivenciaram uma ou duas conjugalidades heterossexuais anteriores. Estas relações lhes possibilitaram o acesso aos filhos. Seis delas são mães biológicas e uma é mãe adotiva. A entrevista teve início com uma questão disparadora, a saber: Como está a sua conjugalidade no momento e como é compartilhar esta relação com o(s) filho(s)? . As narrativas foram submetidas a uma Análise de Conteúdo. Foram identificados três principais núcleos de sentido: a condição homossexual; a conjugalidade entre as mulheres e o exercício da parentalidade neste casal. A condição homossexual mostrou que a homossexualidade destas mulheres nunca foi algo fixo. Ela surgiu com o tempo, a partir de desejos condutores de uma prática sexual calcada na afetividade e na possibilidade de novas descobertas frente ao exercício da sexualidade. A conjugalidade é vivenciada como uma experiência prazerosa, apesar dos desafios enfrentados junto ao processo transitório de um relacionamento heterossexual para um homossexual. Todas as participantes apostam nestas novas relações, pois encontram nos seus acordos relacionais, as possibilidades afetivas de uma conjugalidade igualitária. Assim, a relação de parentalidade surge para complementar uma dinâmica familiar baseada na possibilidade do casal compartilhar junto aos vínculos afetivos, as responsabilidades necessárias à criação dos filhos

Sexual stereotyping -- United States and Spain -- Attitudes toward homosexuality and gender.

This study was performed to provide social workers with knowledge about the psychosocial risks of a lesbian client's coming-out event. A survey was administered consisting of 22 questions and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depressed Mood Scale (CES-D).

MA (Psychology) / Department of Psychology / The study aimed to explore societal attitudes towards homosexual individuals in the Thulamela Municipality of the Vhembe District Municipality. The objectives of the study were to identify societal attitudes towards homosexuals in Thulamela Municipality, to explore challenges posed by society towards homosexual people in Thulamela Municipality, and to describe societal perceptions of homosexual individuals. The study was qualitative in nature and purposive sampling was used in the study. A semi-structured interview guide was used. A minimum of 12 non-homosexual people were interviewed. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse data. Different ethical issues were taken into consideration before the study was conducted. The findings of the study show that society is still conservative when it comes to homosexuality. However, it discourages harsh negative attitudes towards homosexual people. Society needs to develop more accepting and tolerant behaviors towards homosexuality. The study found that age, sex, race, ethnicity, social background, level of education and religious affiliation were consistent factors in determining attitudes towards homosexuality. This study recommends that training workshops on sexual orientation should be intensified for teachers, police officers, nurses and other public service employees as well as school administrators to inform them of current trends of homosexuality in the schools. It is also recommended that student accessibility to appropriate and accurate information regarding students’ sexuality should be increased at early stages through library and Internet resources, as well as workshops and forums. / NRF

Homophobia was suggested to be one of the primary causes of oppression among women (Griffin 1987, Ireland 1993). Female -- athletes were historically coupled with lesbian identities due to their involvement in the traditionally male domain of sport. As increasing numbers of women attempt to transcend specific socially defined boundaries, it was suggested that the phenomenon of homophobia would function to help maintain conventional sex role socialization practices and to inhibit the advancement of the female athlete (Griffin 1987; 1988, Bennet 1988) . This study specifically addressed homophobia in women's intercollegiate athletics. The purpose of the study was to examine the extent to which homophobia exists among, and towards, female intercollegiate coaches. In depth interviews addressing this issue were conducted with seven female coaches and administrators from one NCAA Division IA university athletic program. The interviews resulted in the formation of nine categories relative to the presence of homophobia in women's intercollegiate athletics. These categories were hiring, recruiting, personal image, public image, coach-athlete relationship, abuse of power, intimidation and control, gender equity and roots and reasons. The greatest effects of homophobia appeared in the categories of hiring and recruiting followed by public image and intimidation and control. NOTE: Both archival copies of the manuscript were missing pages 47 and 49.

Gender roles are a tool used by society to set acceptable boundaries and ideals upon the sexes, and during the early part of the twentieth century in America those gender boundaries began to blur. As a result of the 19th Amendment, men must have felt their decreasing importance because women were no longer solely dependent upon them, and gender roles shifted as woman began to occupy territory that was traditionally held by men. The “New Woman" entered the workforce, and refused to accept traditional female gender conventions. In response to the “New Woman," Theodore Roosevelt and other leading males sought to reinforce the ideal of the male as the protector and provider. As woman took on characteristics commonly associated with men, men now had to grapple with a changing gender identity that often left them confused and frustrated. Willa Sibert Cather's life reflects the fluctuating gender conventions of early twentieth century America as she struggled to define her gender identity. In her youth, Cather chopped her hair and dressed like a boy. She also spent time dissecting frogs and called herself “William Cather, M.D." Cather's cross-dressing reveals her unconventional core and her desire to define herself regardless of societal expectations. Cather also had many close relationships with woman, and these close relationships have led many scholars to label her a lesbian. Cather, however, left us a mystery surrounding her gender preference because she never openly called herself a lesbian. Cather's supposed lesbianism is useful because it reveals the ambiguity of her personality. Cather is paradox because she sought for self-definition, but she also suffered from an identity crisis. By using the shifting nature of gender roles in the America during the early decades of the twentieth century and Cather's confused and unconventional life as a backdrop, I would argue that My Ántonia (1918), The Professor's House (1925), and “Neighbor Rosicky (1932)" reveal the consequences of gender roles. Cather's novels and short story should be analyzed for her interest in exploring male reaction to prescribed gender roles which, ultimately, reveals Cather's attitude towards the existence of gender conventions. Cather advocated for a more fluid and balance way of defining male and female roles. Cather's novel My Ántonia and The Professor's House reveal the consequences of gender roles because both Jim and Professor St. Peter are frustrated, fearful, unsatisfied, ambiguous, and unhappy with the roles that they have been playing. In sharp contrast to these two novels is Cather's delightful short story entitled “Neighbor Rosicky." In this short story Cather presents a protagonist who is whole and balanced. “Neighbor Rosicky" is Cather's statement regarding the importance and beauty of self-definition. Ultimately, her literature can be viewed as a rejection of both male and female gender qualities which demonstrates that Cather and her fiction cannot be reduced to an identity agenda.

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