Si la littérature fait état des réticences des aidants familiaux, à demander de l'aide, leurs ressortspsychiques restent mal connus. Pourtant le sentiment de culpabilité a déjà été repéré, comme un obstacle à lademande d'aide de l'aidant, mais ce facteur a été peu exploré dans un axe de recherche. Cette rechercherepose sur l'hypothèse que le sentiment de culpabilité de l'aidant familial, représenterait le principal frein,susceptible d'empêcher sa demande d'aide et de soutien, face à la maladie d'Alzheimer ou à la maladieapparentée de son proche, lorsque le patient vit à domicile. Une sous-hypothèse vise à situer différemment lesentiment de culpabilité de l'aidant familial, selon sa position de conjoint, ou plus largement de descendant(enfant, belle-fille, gendre...), dans la relation d'aide. Pour tester cette hypothèse trente huit entretiens semidirectifsont été réalisés, et complétés par la passation des échelles d'attachement (RSQ), du caregiver(CRA), et de dépression (Beck).Cette recherche vise à expliciter les fondements, et les mécanismes du sentiment de culpabilité des aidantsfamiliaux, en l'articulant à la problématique de perte, qui est coeur de la maladie d'Alzheimer ou desmaladies apparentées. Elle apporte donc un éclairage nouveau sur le travail psychique de l'aidant familial,qui s'écarte de son seul abord sous l'angle du fardeau et de l'épuisement, pour l'envisager à la lumière dutravail du pré-deuil, qui apparaît comme la clé de voûte de la relation d'aide. Par conséquent, la recherchesuivra le cycle de la dépendance du patient, pour dégager à chacun de ses stades, les incidences de la pertedans l'espace psychique et intersubjectif chez l'aidant familial, selon la nature des liens d'attachementdéveloppés avec le patient, mais aussi avec le groupe familial. A partir de là, nous tenterons de relier leregistre principal d'élaboration de la perte, à un profil d'aidant singulier dans la relation d'aide, afin d'éclairerles liens entre ses manifestations de culpabilité, et sa demande d'aide. / If the litterature states reservations of the family caregivers, to ask for help, their psychic springsremain badly known. Nevertheless the sense of guilt was already located, as an obstacle at the request ofhelp, of the caregiver, but this factor was little explored in a research theme. This research bases on thehypothesis that the sense of guilt of the family caregiver, would represent the main brake, susceptible toprevent his request of help and support, in front of the Alzheimer's disease or the related disease, when thepatient lives at home. A sub-hypothesis aims at placing differently the sense of guilt of the familiy caregiver,according to its spouse's position, or more widely of descendant (child, son-in-law, daughter-in-law) in therelation of help. To test this hypothesis, thirty eight semi-directive conversations were realized andcompleted by the signing of the scales of attachment (RSQ), the caregiver (CRA), and depression (Beck).This research aims at clarifying foudations, and mechanisms of the sense of guilt of the family caregivers, byarticulating it in the problem of loss, which is heart of Alzheimer's disease or the related diseases. It thusgives a new perspective on the psychic work of the family caregiver, which deviates from its only accessunder the angle of the burden and the exhaustion, to envisage it in the light of the work of the pre-mourning,which appears at the keystone of the relation of help. Consequently, the research will follow the cycle of thedependence of the patient, to release in each of its stages, the incidences of the loss in the psychic andintersubjective space at the family caregiver, according to the nature of the links of attachment developpedwith the patient, but also with the family group. From there, we shall try to connect the main register ofelaboration of the loss, in a profile of singular caregiver in the relation of help, to light the links between hisdemonstrations of guilt and his demand of help.

In DAYS ENDING IN WHY, interdisciplinary artist Julia Martin identifies the schism of her autobiographical practice: deep melancholia and absurd irony. The fragmentation of the works presented knowingly resist cohesion, instead, through their arrangements and the potentials of space between them, they carry on conversations with one another. Rooted in the personal narrative, the works span across multiple mediums; photography, film, installation/sculpture, and literature. Martin emphasizes both the tragic and the comedic, pacing the show as a play between the two. Also, there are cats. So many cats.

Thesis (Ph.D. ( Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / The Euro-American bereavement literature has greatly contributed towards the management of the bereaved over centuries by psychologists. However, much of the literature lacks inclusion of non-westerners‘ bereavement and grief experiences. In light of this historical weakness, the aim of the present study was to explore bereavement and mourning in the Northern Sotho community with a view to identifying and documenting the psychological themes embedded in this culturally constructed experience. A total of fourteen participants (male = 7; females = 7; aged between 35 and 85) were selected using the snowball sampling method. The data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Hycner‘s adapted phenomenological explicitation method was used to analyse the data. The four major themes that emerged during data-explicitation were; a). The influence of belief systems on the conception of death; b). The experience and expression of the pain of grief; c). Diverse bereavement rituals and cultural practices that are performed to heal the bereaved, and; d). Various mechanisms that are put in place to quarantine the bereaved from spreading death contaminations. The study findings suggest that the conceptualisation, experience, and expression of bereavement is profoundly influenced by an interplay of a plethora of factors that include people‘s varying worldviews, cultural practices, and now, the emerging new-global culture. Based on the findings of the study, a culturally informed bereavement conceptual model was developed. The model proposes that a clinician should be guided by four domains when providing grief counselling. The first domain involves the clinician looking into the client‘s belief system and how this influences the client‘s grieving process. The second domain entails analysis of the nature and circumstances surrounding death. In the third domain, the clinician will need to examine the influence of various psychological, physical and socioeconomic factors on the client‘s grief. And lastly, the clinician will need to determine the intensity and duration of the grief experience. It is envisaged that this model could help in the provision of person-centred grief counselling services within a multicultural context. The study further elaborates on the lessons the field of psychology could learn from the study findings. The findings are also discussed in the context of the emerging field of Africa psychology. / SAHUDA/NIHSS

The purpose and aim of this study was to examine, identify and account for general understandings and expressions of grief in family members of dead First World War servicemen. The study found its theoretical framework in Jay Winter’s term ”languages of mourning” and his hypothesis that First World War commemoration mainly drew on ”traditional” rather than ”modern” themes and languages, as expressed in his book Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning: The Great War in European Cultural History. The study used a qualitative method of text analysis and compared its findings to previous research. The source material used in the study was reports on headstone inscriptions and texts from the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. The epitaphs used in the study were from three different British war cemeteries. The main findings of the study is that the languages of mourning used in the epitaphs mainly were traditional rather than modern, in Jay Winter’s terminology. Much like Winter argued, the most common themes and thus langauges of mourning are those of ”religion” and ”memory” or ”sentimentality.” Unlike Winter, however, this study also found the use of ”personal details” about the dead or their families to be of common usage. Explicit expressions of grief or patriotism were, however, less common.

No description available.

[pt] Esse trabalho trata da luta das mães e familiares de vítimas da violência do Estado brasileiro, mais especificamente sobre o engajamento político das mães, moradoras de favelas no Rio de Janeiro, que perderam seus filhos assassinados por policiais militares e agentes do Estado. As reflexões trazidas aqui são fruto de trabalho etnográfico no qual acompanhei e testemunhei o luto público das mães nos espaços públicos da cidade. É a partir do testemunho da luta e do luto das mães que pude tecer a problemática dessa tese que se centra na relação entre gênero, violência, soberania e sacrifício. Argumento, partindo das minhas experiências e vivências etnográficas, que o movimento de mães questiona a legitimidade do poder de matar do Estado ou, em outras palavras, questiona a própria soberania de Estado como o poder sobre a vida e a morte. Ao defenderem que o Estado brasileiro não tinha o direito de tirar a vida dos filhos que elas geraram, as mães trazem à tona a relação entre gênero e soberania e o modo como ambos estão intimamente conectados. Além disso, argumento que o movimento de mães toca nas estruturas fundacionais do Estado-nação ao revelar que a soberania de Estado repousa sobre uma economia sacrificial na qual a vida de alguns depende da morte de outros. O movimento das mães reúne tanto as condições para expor a lógica sacrificial sobre a qual se sustenta a soberania estatal quanto revelam que elas, as próprias mães, se inserem também em uma lógica sacrificial ao lutar em nome de seus filhos assassinados pelo Estado. Nesse sentido, percorro um caminho de investigação filosófica a fim de compreender as fundações mitológicas da soberania de Estado e a lógica sacrificial intrínseca a ela. / [en] This dissertation deals with the struggles faced by mothers of victims of Brazilian state violence. More specifically, about the political engagement of mothers, slum dwellers in Rio de Janeiro, who have lost their sons murdered by military police and state agents. The reflections I brought to the fore are the results of an ethnographic project in which I followed and witnessed the public mourning of some mothers in the public space of the city. Through witnessing their mourning I was able to develop the problematic tackled in this thesis: the relationship between gender, violence, sovereignty and sacrifice. Based on my ethnographic experiences, I argue that the movement organized by these mothers put into question the legitimacy of state sovereignty, in other words its power over life and death. When they claim that the Brazilian state did not have the right to take their sons lives, lives which they give birth to, they bring to the fore the intimate relation between gender and sovereignty. In addition, I argue that the mothers movement touch upon the foundational structures of the nation-state when they reveal the state sovereignty reliance on an economy of sacrifice, specifically one in which the lives of some depend on the death of others. The mothers movement provides the conditions both to expose the sacrificial logic upon which state sovereignty relies and to reveal that the mothers themselves are also embedded in a sacrificial economy when they struggle in the name of their sons killed by the state. In this sense, my thesis is a philosophical investigation in order to grasp the mythological foundations of state sovereignty and its intrinsic reliance of an economy of sacrifice.

[pt] Essa dissertação é fruto de uma ampla pesquisa institucional sobre o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 na saúde mental dos fluminenses. Temos como objetivo geral investigar o impacto desse evento na saúde mental de adolescentes, buscando analisar demandas de psicoterapia frente ao sofrimento psíquico no desenvolvimento emocional desses jovens. Como objetivos específicos, buscamos mapear e comparar as queixas iniciais de usuários adolescentes do SPA da PUCRio, antes e durante a pandemia, investigar as diferentes expressões do sofrimento psíquico desses jovens, e por fim analisar a evolução da demanda de ajuda, ao longo do processo de psicoterapia, pensando os principais conflitos dos adolescentes em relação às figuras parentais. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, coletando dados de 30 relatórios semestrais de atendimentos psicoterapêuticos psicanalíticos, com 23 adolescentes diferentes, realizados no Serviço de Psicologia Aplicada (SPA) da PUC-Rio, em 2018, 2019, 2020 e 2021. Para análise dos documentos utilizou-se o método de análise de conteúdo em sua vertente categorial. Da análise emergiram três categorias: queixa inicial: do sintoma ao contato com o sofrimento, conflitos familiares e frustrações face ao cuidado parental e experiências de luto: múltiplas perdas na adolescência. Tais categorias são discutidas a partir da literatura utilizada na revisão bibliográfica. Como finalização desse trabalho, ressaltamos que a adolescência é uma fase de vida na qual o jovem enfrenta uma multiplicidade de lutos. O trabalho psicoterapêutico é significativo para o adolescente se deparar com manifestações de sofrimento, embora tenha-se observado grande dificuldade de elaboração. / [en] This work is the result of an extensive institutional research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of Rio de Janeiro city residents. Our general objective is to investigate the impact of this event on the mental health of adolescents, seeking to analyse psychotherapy demands in the face of psychological distress present on the emotional development of young people. As specific objectives, we intend to map and compare the initial complaints of adolescent in psychotherapy at the SPA at PUC-Rio, before and during the pandemic, to investigate the different expressions of psychological distress of these young people, and to analyze the evolution of the demand for help, throughout the psychotherapy process, seeking to reflect on the main conflicts of adolescents in relation to parental figures. Qualitative research was carried out, collecting data from 30 semester reports of psychoanalytical psychotherapeutic treatment, with 23 different adolescents, held at the SPA of PUC-Rio, in the years 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021. For document analysis, the content analysis method was used in its categorical aspect. Three categories emerged from the analysis: initial complaint: from the symptom to the contact with suffering, family conflicts and frustrations with parental care and grief experiences: multiple losses in adolescence. Such categories are discussed from the literature used in the bibliographic review. As a conclusion of this work, we emphasize that adolescence is a phase of life which young people face a variety of grievances. The psychotherapeutic work is significant for the adolescent to face manifestations of suffering, although it has been observed great difficulty in elaboration.

[pt] Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral investigar a experiência de pais enlutados por suicídio. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestrutadas com 3 pais e 4 mães que perderam um(a) filho(a) adulto por meio do suicídio. Nesse sentido, buscamos investigar as características específicas do processo de luto parental por suicídio; compreender como os pais vivenciam os rituais no processo de luto por suicídio do filho(a); e compreender a percepção dos pais a respeito dos suportes recebidos após a morte do filho(a). Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo e emergiram cinco categorias: (1) Respostas para o suicídio; (2) Meu/ minha filho(a) para além do suicida; (3) Recursos de enfrentamento no processo de luto; (4) Deslocamento dos cuidados parentais e (5) Busca por sentido e transformações a partir da morte do filho (a). Constatou-se que essa perda é acompanhada por estigmas sobre o ato suicida em si e sobre os pais sobreviventes, foram identificados busca por respostas para a morte do filho (a), sentimentos de culpa, desejo de espaços para falar livremente sobre o(a) filho(a), desenvolvimento de recursos de suporte e transformações e busca por sentido como elementos presentes no processo de luto desses pais. Conclui-se que facilitar o acesso a informações sobre suicídio, sobre luto, e proporcinar espaços seguros e de cuidado para os pais enlutados são facilitadores para a elaboração durante o processo de luto de sobreviventes. / [en] This research aimed to investigate the experience of parents bereaved by suicide. Therefore, semi-structured interviews were carried out with 3 fathers and 4 mothers who lost an adult son or daugther through suicide. We seached to investigate the specific characteristics of the process of parental mourning for suicide; understand how parents experience the rituals in the process of mourning their child s suicide; and understand the perception of parents about the support received after the child s death. The collected data was analyzed thur content analysis and five categories emerged: (1) Answers to suicide; (2) My child beyond the suicide; (3) Coping resources in the grieving process; (4) Displacement of parental care and (5) Search for meaning and perceptions about the changes after the child s death. It was found that this loss is accompanied not only by the stigma of the death of a child, but also by the suicidal act. Therefore, the search for answers, feelings of guilt, desire for safe spaces to talk freely about their child, development of support resources, and transformations and the search for meaning are penetrated by these characteristics. It is concluded that facilitating access to information about suicide and about grief, as well as providing safe and caring spaces for these bereaved are important aspects in the grieving process of survivors.

[pt] O Rio de Janeiro é o estado que conta com o maior número de mortos em incursões policiais nas favelas – geralmente, incursões relacionadas ao combate às drogas. Por exemplo, em 2019, 1.808 mortes (sendo a população negra, 70 porcento das vítimas) foram classificadas como homicídio decorrente de intervenção policial, classificação que caracteriza a ação do policial como legítima defesa e significa uma série de diligências que, geralmente, resultam no arquivamento do Inquérito Policial sem uma investigação mais profunda ou na absolvição dos oficiais envolvidos. Nesse cenário emerge o movimento de luta das mães de vítimas desse tipo de violência – mulheres que se engajam em movimentos sociais para lutar por justiça, para esclarecer as circunstâncias da morte dos filhos e exigir a punição dos envolvidos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar como se dá a transformação do luto em luta, isto é, examinar como as mães articulam sofrimento pessoal e ativismo político ao se engajarem em movimentos sociais, mais especificamente, na Rede de Comunidades e Movimentos contra a Violência. As narrativas enunciadas por elas nos protestos públicos se configuram como objeto privilegiado de análise. Trata-se de uma análise qualitativa-interpretativista, empreendida em perspectiva micro, conduzida pelos estudos que consideram o discurso narrativo como forma de construção da vida social e instrumento dos movimentos sociais para reivindicar suas demandas. A análise foi organizada segundo quatro esferas, partícipes do engajamento dos familiares na Rede, são elas: as narrativas, a resistência, a maternidade e o gerenciamento das emoções. A primeira análise focaliza a estrutura das histórias, chamadas aqui de narrativas de engajamento. Emprega elementos da teoria laboviana, em interface com os estudos que contemplam os aspectos socioculturais e interacionais que fundamentam a prática discursiva. A segunda trata dos mecanismos discursivos mobilizados pelos familiares na elaboração de emoções como a dor de perder um filho; se debruça sobre os sistemas de coerência acionados junto ao contexto macrossocial nas narrativas, isto é, sobre o modo como as relações de sequencialidade e causalidade construídas nessas histórias relacionam-se a outros discursos culturalmente consagrados. A terceira observa como a categoria mãe é acionada nas narrativas. A quarta e última análise se detém nos eventos catalizadores que impulsionam o engajamento e o ativismo sustentado dos familiares na Rede, investigando como o chamado choque moral é construído nas histórias. Em suma, o trabalho analítico sugere a existência de um padrão que organiza as narrativas de engajamento e identifica dois mecanismos discursivos entrelaçados: i) a dupla transição entre uma pessoalização x coletivização da dor de perder um filho e da experiência com a violência policial – de modo que o sofrimento individual de uma mãe se transforma no sofrimento do grupo e a caracterização do policial responsável pela morte se transforma em denúncias à atuação da corporação como um todo; ii) a racionalização dos eventos que levaram à morte do filho por meio de sistemas de coerência que operam com versões simplificadas do racismo e da teoria da Necropolítica. Nesse sentido, as narrativas se caracterizam como práticas de resistência e denúncias ao racismo que permeia diversas instituições do Estado; e práticas de reexistência na medida em que as mães, ao praticarem o luto público, humanizam as vítimas da violência policial e reenquadram as mortes nas favelas não como casos isolados de má conduta de policiais, mas sim como parte de uma lógica de atuação do Estado. / [en] Rio de Janeiro is the state with the highest number of homicides due to police brutality – often as a result of incursions related to the war on drugs. In 2019, for instance, 1.808 deaths were classified as homicide due to police intervention, a classification given when a police officer kills in self-defense. It also gives rise to a series of procedures which primarily result in the archiving of the cases without a proper investigation, or the police officers being absolved of murder, or any other crime for that matter. Such injustice leads the victims mothers to unite – engaging in social movements to fight for justice, seek clarification of the circumstances in which their children died, as well as to demand punishment of those involved. This study aims to investigate how grief is converted into political struggle as these mothers engage in social movements, more specifically in the Rede de Comunidades e Movimentos contra a Violência. Narratives enunciated by these mothers in public protests organized by the Rede are considered the privileged loci for analysis. Based on a micro-perspective, this analysis is guided by a qualitative-interpretative approach, and draws on studies which consider narrative discourse a way of constructing social life as well as a political tool used by social movements to demand justice. The macro-social context in which the deaths of Black people are placed also informs the analytical process which is organized around four spheres that are part of the mothers engagement in social movements: the narratives told at the protests, political resistance, the concept of maternity and the management of emotions. The first analysis describes the structure of the stories – referred to here as narratives of engagement –by employing elements from Labovian theory in tandem with theories which accentuate the interactional and sociocultural values underpinning narrative practice. The second analysis observes the discursive resources brought to bear on the narratives of the victims relatives in their process of managing emotions as pain. The analysis focuses on their systems of coherence, i.e., whether sequential ordering and causality relations constructed in these stories relate to culturally established discourses. The third analysis aims to understand how the categorization of “mother” is elaborated in the stories. The fourth and final analysis is focused on catalysing events that drive the engagement and sustained activism of these relatives in the Rede, investigating how moral shock is constructed in these narratives. In sum, the analytical work suggests the existence of a recurrent pattern that organizes narratives of engagement. Two discursive mechanisms interact with each other in the narratives: i) a double transition between personal experience with police brutality and the collective experience of those who have lost their children – this means that individual pain becomes collective pain, and the specific characterization of one police officer is transformed into grievances with respect to the corporation as a whole; ii) the rationalization of events leading to the death of their children by using coherence systems that operate with simplified versions of racism and the theory of Necropolitics. In a sense, these narratives of engagement are characterized as practices of resistance and work to denounce the racism that permeates several State s institutions. As well as practices of re-existence. By means of publicly mourning their children, these mothers humanize the victims of police brutality reframing these deaths not as isolated cases of police misconduct, but as part of a system.

No description available.