This thesis aims to address the research gap in the ENGO literature of how the present Covid-19 pandemic has influenced ENGOs operations. Further, it seeks to explore whether these changes are experienced as an opportunity or a challenge. Additionally, the thesis explores what lessons have emerged during the Covid-19 pandemic, in relation to ENGOs operations. A qualitative case study methodology is chosen. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and secondary sources. The findings present how ENGOs operations have been influenced, which mainly includes the shift of activities from physical to virtual platforms. Moreover, the different opportunities and challenges are discussed. The findings indicate that virtual interactions are not always equivalent to physical. Finally, the lessons: striving for agreen recovery, opportunities of virtual work, the importance of resilience and the link between health of the people and the health of the ecosystems are discussed.

Background: The retail sector is rapidly developing over the past years. Retailers are investing more efforts and resources to provide a seamless experience through multiple channels. These developments led to significant changes in customer behaviour. Customers buying activities and way of selecting the products and retailers faced different changes and developments. The online retailing sector is entitled to continuous development. The latest development was due to the Covid-19 global pandemic that came without any previous notice. The customer behaviour starts adopting the digital online channels in most of their needs and wants. The appearance of new customer behaviour patterns due to Covid-19 lead to the emergence of new customer behaviour.Purpose: This study is of an exploratory and constructive nature. It is concerned with deepening the knowledge about the change in customer buying behaviour brought by Covid-19 on the retailing sector. The aim of the study is to identify and test new behavioural patterns that would influence the Swedish millennials’ in selecting between online and offline stores for shopping and buying fashion products.Method: An abductive approach was followed in this paper. Mixed methods of both qualitative and quantitative were used to fulfil the purpose of this exploratory research. The research followed a sequential exploratory design of two data collection phases. Theiiempirical data was conducted from (4) focus groups sessions with a total number of (20) interviewee, and (94) relevant responses from a web-based survey.Conclusion: The study has revealed two significant findings and contributed to propose a conceptual model. The fruitful results of this study are: (1) there is a vast customers’ migration towards online stores. (2) there are new behavioural patterns related to Covid-19 that are influencing the customer buying behaviour. (3) A proposed conceptual model which is concerned with the factors influencing the customer buying behaviour in selecting between online and offline fashion stores.

Architecture is known to gather people and encourage shared spaces in our buildings and homes, while the Corona virus, aka COVID-19 has refrained us from our usual face to face communication and meetups. For some, work and social life has been reduced and limited to a screen, virtual meetings for studies, work, social events and so forth. Architecture has its impact on us more than ever before. It can and should provide us safety, infection control and prevention from getting sick. The materials we choose to design our home with is also crucial in a pandemic situation as we should be looking for disinfectant material properties. Copper have been shown to perform better than other common materials like steel, plastic, and wood. Air circulation and ventilation in inner spaces will also have stricter requirements where the air should be changed every hour and checking the air quality – that could be improved with the ratio of greenery and open spaces. Designing a home that can stimulate the productivity, flexibility, comfort, happiness, and health in its dwellers is the ultimate goal for this study. The target audience for the thesis are architects, interior designers and laymen who are interested in this field or those that are seeking a design which promotes healthy, safe and adequate living spaces and homes. The methods used in this study where both quantitative and qualitative methods through an international online survey as well as conducting local interviews with residential buildings’ dwellers in Berlin. On one hand, poor design can lead to both higher expenses in the long term as well as leading to bad physical and mental health, which is felt through the responses from both the survey and interviews. The biophilic design on the other hand, can have a huge positive impact on the dwellers both physically and mentally and should be tested and used more as a solid base for designing interior spaces.

The covid-19 pandemic has hit every part of life hard. From visiting the supermarket to halting world trade. One of the most obvious effects of the pandemic has been the political one. All across the world political parties have been competing for power during these unusual times.  This paper will analyze whether populistic parties around Europe have changed their views on the covid-19 pandemic restrictions. In order to analyze this a comparative idea analysis will be used in order to compare and analyze political parties views on this subject. In order to conduct this analysis the studie compare four different populistic parties around europé. These parties are as followed, AFD and Die Linke in germany, PVV in the Netherlands followed by Syriza in Greece. The study will be using material from the four different parties to conduct the analysis and compare the material. The analysis shows that only one out of four parties has had a change in their views on the pandemic restrictions. This study is an important contribution the field of populism. It will grant a unique opportunity to study such a unique time of our the world that the covid-19 pandemis really is.

Bakgrund: Covid-19 upptäcktes i Kina i slutet av 2019. Symtomen karaktäriseras av en luftvägsinfektion, men symtomen kan variera. Viruset spreds snabbt, vilket ledde till att sjuksköterskornas risk för att smittas av viruset ökade. Att studera sjuksköterskornas erfarenheter är relevant inför kommande pandemier. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda patienter med Covid-19. Metod: En litteraturstudie med induktiv design baserad på åtta kvalitativa empiriska vetenskapliga artiklar från databaserna Cinahl, PubMed och Scopus. Resultat: Innehållsanalysen resulterade i fem kategorier med totalt nio subkategorier. Dessa kategorier är Brister, Arbetsförhållanden, Sjuksköterskan och samhället, Försämrad psykisk hälsa och Positiva erfarenheter. Konklusion: Med utbildningar inom akutvård skulle vården bli mer säker och belastningen för de mer erfarna sjuksköterskorna skulle minska. Arbetsgivaren kan bygga upp ett lager med skyddsutrustning inför kommande pandemier och erbjuda psykosocialt stöd till sjuksköterskorna som vårdar patienter med Covid-19. Vidare forskning som kan genomföras är till exempel att undersöka sjuksköterskornas, som vårdat patienter med Covid-19, psykiska hälsa efter att pandemin är slut för att se hur den långsiktigt påverkat deras psykiska hälsa. / Background: Covid-19 was detected in China at the end of 2019. Symptoms are characterized by a respiratory infection, but symptoms may vary. The virus spread rapidly, which led to an increase in nurses' risk of contracting the virus. Studying the nurses´experiences is relevant for future pandemics. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate registered nurses´experiences of caring for patients with Covid-19. Methods: A literature review based on eight qualitative empirical scientific articles retrieved from the databases Cinahl, PubMed and Scopus. Results: The content analysis resulted in five categories with a total of nine subcategories. These categories are Insufficiency, Working conditions, The nurse and society, Deteriorated psychologial health and Positive experiences. Conclusion: With training in emergency care, the given care would be more secure and the burden on the more experienced nurses would be reduced. The employer can build up a supply of protective equipment for upcoming pandemics and offer psychosocial support to nurses who take care of patients with Covid-19. Further research that can be carried out is, for example, to examine the mental health of nurses who have cared for patients with Covid-19 after the end of the pandemic to see how it has affected their mental health in the long term.

This essay examines high school principals experienced autonomy and control during the COVID19-pandemic 2020 – 2021. During the pandemic, the Swedish government chose a different path than other countries regarding for example public restrictions and the possibility for preschools and elementary schools to remain open. High schools, on the other hand, were forced to have distance learning during parts of the COVID19-pandemic. The high school principals’ experienced autonomy and control are examined trough a theory about domains in which autonomy can be experienced. These domains are educational domain, social domain, developmental domain and administrative domain. Six high school principals were interviewed using a semi-structured interview method and the material from these interviews was coded based on the four domains’ keywords. The results from this survey show that before the pandemic the principals felt that they had high autonomy in all domains. At the same time, their perceived control was high, something they largely viewed as positive. However, during the COVID19-pandemic all but one of the principals found that their autonomy had diminished. Also, control decreased in all domains except the administrative one. In the administrative domain the control increased, both in terms of implementation and number of controllers. Parts of this control were perceived as positive but not all. The conclusion of this essay is, that when a society experiences a major crisis such as the COVID19-pandemic, the control and supervision of principals’ work increase and their experienced autonomy decreases.

Abstract Title: Positive and negative consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic on SMEs in Sweden   Purpose The aim of this study is to identify the positive and negative consequences due to the covid-19 on SMEs in Sweden and further specify strategies Swedish SMEs used to manage the influences.    Methodology This study tends to show data, tables and figures based on Qualitative study and Semi-structured interviews and analysis of various related articles.    Finding & Conclusion We find out that small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) face different challenges during Covid-19. Such as failed projects, temporary closure, financial consequences, reduction of job opportunities and challenges of implementing new strategies. We surveyed eight companies during the pandemic crisis and found out how those companies are overcoming the pandemic crisis. Various strategies such as flexibility among SMEs, innovation, investment, digitalization, and other management practices have been implemented by Swedish SMEs to solve the challenges.   Contribution of the study The theoretical contribution is that we have enhanced the knowledge around the Covid-19 influences on SMEs and introduced the company's solutions regarding the impact of the pandemic. The theoretical contribution also showed that the Covid-19 have negative consequences. Another theoretical contribution is that the pandemic has a positive effect to some SMEs. Besides, the practical contribution is that we have provided new data from eight SMEs during the Covid-19 pandemic.   Reflections and suggestions for future research The study focused on understanding the challenges and positive negative influences of the Covid-19 pandemic on only eight SMEs operating in Stockholm city of Sweden. Future studies can focus on finding challenges from Covid-19 pandemic on SMEs and large firms in different countries as well as regions. It could be also interesting to compare the strategies followed by the Swedish SMEs with SMEs from other countries to safeguard from the influences of Covid-19.

Learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has included disruption, uncertainty, and additional stress for students. Adverse learning outcomes are a growing concern especially for vulnerable groups, such as middle school students. While COVID-19 research in academic fields is currently emerging, more research needs to address the specific experiences of middle school students. The current study examined the relationship between COVID-19 related stress (distress or fatigue) and student outcomes (student engagement and school aversion) for a sample of middle school students (N = 301). Specifically, coping (i.e., emotion regulation strategies) and perceptions of school climate were examined as mediators in the above relationship. Findings indicated that COVID-19 fatigue was inversely related to student engagement and positively related to school aversion. Emotion regulation mediated this relationship such that utilizing adaptive emotion regulation strategies promoted student engagement and dampened school aversion in relation to COVID-19 fatigue. School climate was also a significant mediator above and beyond the role of emotion regulation such that positive perceptions of school climate promoted engagement and reduced school aversion. A deeper explanation of the importance of regulation and the way middle schoolers perceive school rules and supports in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is discussed. / Graduate

The first reported case of COVID-19 in Tennessee (TN) occurred on March 5, 2020, growing to 580,809 cases state-wide by the end of 2020. A GIS dashboard was developed using data from the TN Department of Health to communicate state-wide COVID-19 spread, and a relationship between pandemic development and rurality was observed during the first wave (through September 2020), noted in other US and global research. Because > 90% of TN counties are designated rural or mixed-rural, we examined metrics to describe development as it relates to rurality. Metrics included days to the first case/hospitalization/fatality, days between state and county peak, and days to an incidence rate of ten per 100,000. Metrics were compared within different classes of rurality, using seven rurality classification schemes. Significant differences were noted in four of the five metrics between classes of rurality. Rural counties in TN experienced significant lags to the first case, hospitalization, and fatality, and the peak cases in rural counties were delayed relative to urban counties when outlier counties with early state prison outbreaks were excluded. In rural TN counties, regardless of rurality definition, cases, hospitalizations, and fatalities were slower to appear. However, once community spread was established, rurality no longer had a protective effect.

The COVID-19 Pandemic created a two-fold challenge for journalists: first, the task of gathering and distributing information vital to the responses of the public, and second, the challenge of mitigating the complexities of the journalism field. The purpose of this study is to connect the theoretical frameworks of metajournalistic discourse and field theory, using the touch point of journalistic practice. Prior research has postulated that metajournalistic discourse operates as a stabilizing force in the journalistic field. Using the timely test of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study seeks to explore the discursive construction of journalistic practice during a pandemic through the lens of both metajournalism and field through metadiscourse (n=141) gathered from the United States, United Kingdom, and Austria. This study will argue that metajournalistic discourse stabilizes the field by affirming the tools western journalists use in order to make sense of a crisis like COVID-19, and by providing a discursive avenue between the ideals of the journalistic field—in the journalistic doxa—and the habits of the field—as represented by journalistic habitus.