Företaget BlackWing Sweden AB tillverkar ultralätta flygplan av kolfiberkomposit. Företaget vision är att tillverka ett flygplan som helt kan drivas av elektricitet med samma prestanda som flygplan drivet av fossila bränslen. För att kunna driva BlackWing flygplanet med hjälp av elektricitet behövs ett batteripaket, elektronikstyrning samt en elmotor. Därför har detta examensarbete ägnats åt att främst undersöka vilka elmotorer och battericeller som är mest lämpade för BlackWing flygplanet. Därefter togs resultatet fram genom beräkningar på battericeller och motorpaket med hjälp av insamlad information om motor-och batteriprestanda. För att få ett mer objektivt och systematiskt resultat här även en Pugh-matris används för att på ett enkelt sätt avgöra den mest lämpliga battericellen. Resultatet av detta arbete visade sig att i dagsläget är batteriet Envia, High Energi Pouch cell (ENV35011-CRC) och Siemens motor DYNADYN® 85 är mest lämpliga för BlackWing flygplanet. / BlackWing Sweden AB manufactures ultralight aircraft made from carbon fibre composite. The company's vision is to produce an aircraft that can be completely powered by electricity with the same performance as the aircraft powered by fossil fuels. To operate the BlackWing aircraft using electricity it will need a battery pack, electronic controls and an electric driveline. Therefore, this thesis has been devoted primarily to study which electric engine and battery cells that would be most suitable for the BlackWing aircraft. The result was produced by calculations of the battery cells and electric driveline by using collected information about driveline and battery performance. To get a more objective and systematic results, a Pugh matrix was used to easily determine the most suitable battery cell. The results of this work showed that in the current situation, the battery Envia High Energy Drone Cell Pouch (ENV35011-CRC) and Siemens engine DYNADYN® 85 are the most suitable for the BlackWing aircraft.

Lead is a toxic heavy metal that has been extensively used in modern society, causing widespread environmental contamination, even in isolated parts of the world. There is now overwhelming evidence associating lead exposure with wideranging health effects, including reductions in intelligence scores, hyperactivity, shortened concentration spans, poor school performance, violent/aggressive behaviour, hearing loss, delayed onset of puberty, anaemia, and in severe cases, coma and death. In recent years consensus has been reached in respect of the absence of a threshold of safety for key health effects associated with lead exposure, and the permanent and irreversible nature of many of the health and social consequences of exposure to lead. The public health problem of environmental lead exposure has been widely investigated in developed countries such as the United States of America where, since the 1970s, policies and interventions have been followed by significant reductions in blood lead levels amongst children. In developing countries, and in African countries in particular, there is a relative dearth of information on the sources, mechanisms of exposure and blood lead distributions in children, and little action has been taken to protect children against lead poisoning. This study was undertaken to determine the current distribution of blood lead concentrations, and associated risk factors, amongst selected groups of first grade school children in the South African urban settings of Cape Town, Johannesburg 7 and Kimberley, a lead mining town (Aggeneys) and two rural towns in the Northern Cape province. A further objective of the study was to compare blood lead distributions determined in the current study with the findings of similar studies undertaken prior to the introduction in 1996 of unleaded petrol in South Africa. The results show that over the past decade, blood lead concentrations amongst first grade school children have declined considerably, but that large proportions of children, especially those living or attending school in impoverished areas, continue to have intolerably high blood lead concentrations, within a range that puts them at risk of detrimental health and social outcomes. The major sources of exposure to lead in the samples studied were leaded petrol, lead-based paint used to decorate homes and schools, lead solder used in “cottage industries” and other home-based lead-related activities, as well as the transfer of lead particles from lead-related work settings into homes. Recommendations for policy and relevant interventions for the South African context are discussed.

O problema ambiental das áreas contaminadas foi por muito tempo negligenciado. No Estado de São Paulo as primeiras medidas efetivas de gestão do tema foram tomadas em 2000, em parte motivadas pela ocorrência de acidentes em postos de combustíveis. A publicação da resolução CONAMA 273/00, que instituiu a obrigatoriedade do licenciamento dos postos de combustíveis (novos e em operação), deu mais destaque ao assunto, pelo menos no Estado de São Paulo, onde sua implementação revelou inúmeros passivos ambientais em postos de combustíveis. Estudar este e outros impactos desta resolução na gestão das áreas contaminadas por postos de combustíveis foi o objetivo deste trabalho. Isto foi feito por meio da descrição da gestão de áreas contaminadas por postos de combustíveis, antes e depois da resolução, e de seus resultados divulgados pela CETESB. A análise qualitativa da gestão foi feita com base nos instrumentos de gestão utilizados e encontrou uma gestão centrada em instrumentos de comando e controle, mas que se complementa com instrumentos econômicos e acordos voluntários. A análise quantitativa foi feita com base nos dados secundários divulgados pela CETESB e aponta, apesar de tendências de melhoria, para resultados ainda incipientes, com baixos percentuais de postos de combustíveis licenciados, reduzido número de áreas remediadas e pequeno decréscimo no número de acidentes em postos de combustíveis. / Contaminated sites represent an environmental problem that was neglected for a long time. In São Paulo State this problem was first addressed in 2000, partially due to environmental accidents in petrol stations. CONAMA 273/00, a resolution that enforced petrol stations (both new and running businesses) to require permits, attracted more attention to the matter, at least in São Paulo State, where its implementation revealed various petrol stations contaminated sites. This and other impacts of this resolution on petrol stations contaminates sites management are the core subject of this thesis. The study consists on the description of the management program before and after the resolution, as well as the results obtained, which were made public by CETESB. The qualitative analysis of the management program was based on the instruments used, it revealed a command and control approach, which makes use of complimentary instruments such as economic and voluntary ones. The quantitative analysis based itself on secondary data obtained at CETESB and, although the positive trend of the results, it still indicates low percentages of petrol station with permit, a reduced number of cleaned-up sites and a small decrease in the number of accidents in petrol stations.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:40:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvaniaCB.pdf: 663508 bytes, checksum: 80efd72b9e7e65a84c35430d8a931d06 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-05 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The importance of identifying the consequence of the hours worked on people in society has been well recognized within Organizational and Work Psychology. From this point of view, the present research had the objective of analysing the effects of work regimes on the mental health of petroleum operators of Petrobr?s. The sample totaled 144 subjects, corresponding to 27% of the work population. The mental health of the participants was evaluated using the following instruments of measurement: QSG-12, Scale of self-esteem, Scale of Positive and Negative Affections and the Scale of Valuable Attributes of IMST, each representing an empirical factor used to indicate and measure the five dimensions of mental health. The subjects perceptions of their work regime and the rest of their conditions of work were evaluated using scales of descriptive attributes of IMST, by applying a semi-structured questionnaire and by use of interviews. A socio-demographic file was used to collect information related to the biographical and socio-occupational profile of the worker sample. The answers to the questionnaire were inserted into the data bank of SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science), for statistical analysis, and the interviews were analised based on the technique of Contents Analysis recommended by Bardin (1995). The main results revealed that one third of the worker sample were tense; however, the mental health of the majority was preserved. Cluster Analysis applied to the group of seven factors which measured the five dimensions of mental health identified four profiles of psychological well-being shared between members of the sample. It was observed that the people working in the system of Continuous Shift Alternation (TIR) and in the system of Pre-advising tended to present balanced and satisfactory profiles, while the ones which worked in the Administrative Field tended to present anxious and oscillating profiles, and thus were more affected psychologically. These were also the ones that also perceived the more negative aspects of their laborious conditions (reduced chances of self-improvement, physically stressful and financial resources below expectations with which to supply family and personal necessities. In agreement with the ecological model formulated by Warr (1987), the present study concluded that the positive and negative effects on the psychological well-being tended to occur as a consequence of the perceptions the petrol operators developed to face their work conditions / A import?ncia de identificar as conseq??ncias dos hor?rios de trabalho para os indiv?duos inseridos na atual sociedade 24 horas, tem sido amplamente reconhecida dentro da Psicologia Organizacional e do Trabalho. Partilhando desse interesse, a presente pesquisa objetivou analisar os efeitos dos regimes de trabalho sobre a sa?de mental dos operadores de petr?leo da Petrobr?s. A amostra totalizou 144 sujeitos, correspondendo a 27% da popula??o. A sa?de mental dos participantes foi avaliada por meio dos seguintes instrumentos: QSG-12, Escala de Auto-estima, Escala de Afetos Positivos e Negativos e a escala de atributos valorativos do IMST, sendo cada fator emp?rico usado como indicador para medir cinco dimens?es da sa?de mental. A percep??o sobre os regimes e demais condi??es de trabalho foram avaliadas por meio das escalas de atributos descritivos do IMST, de um question?rio semi-estruturado e de entrevistas. Tamb?m se usou uma ficha s?cio-demogr?fica para colher informa??es relativas ao perfil biogr?fico e s?cio-ocupacional da amostra. As respostas aos question?rios foram digitadas na forma de banco de dados do SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science for Windows), por meio do qual se procedeu com as an?lises estat?sticas, e as entrevistas foram analisadas com base na t?cnica de an?lise de conte?do recomendada por Bardin (1995). Os principais resultados revelam que um ter?o da amostra se encontra tensa, contudo a sa?de mental est? preservada para a maioria. A an?lise de cluster aplicada ao conjunto dos sete fatores que mediram as cinco dimens?es de sa?de mental identificou quatro perfis de Bem-estar Psicol?gico compartilhados entre a amostra. Observou-se que o pessoal engajado em regimes de Turno Ininterrupto de Revezamento (TIR) e de Sobreaviso tende a apresentar perfis Equilibrado e Satisfat?rio, enquanto os que trabalham em regimes Administrativo de Campo e Administrativo tendem a apresentar perfis Ansioso e Oscilante, sendo estes ?ltimos os mais afetados psiquicamente e que percebem mais negativamente as condi??es laborais (chances reduzidas de aperfei?oamento, fisicamente desgastantes e recursos financeiros reduzidos ou abaixo do esperado para suprir as necessidades pessoais e familiares). Em conformidade com o modelo ecol?gico formulado por Warr (1987), o presente estudo concluiu que os efeitos positivos ou negativos no bem-estar psicol?gico tendem a acontecer como conseq??ncia da percep??o que os operadores desenvolvem frente ?s condi??es de trabalho

The research focuses on the environmental problem of volatile organic compounds in ambient air of petrol filling stations. The literature review of the issues, arising from petrol-related VOCs, with actual and proposed VOC emissions trends in Europe, have been performed. Besides petrol filling station’s typical technology layout, petrol nature and composition, applicable petrol vapour recovery solutions and their efficiency were examinated. The volatile organic compounds’ experimental research in two petrol stations of typical technology layout in Vilnius city under similar extreme meteorological conditions (VOC air pollution episodes with low winds, stable stratification and suspended photochemical removal) is done. The emitted from petrol stations VOC experiment is based on air pumped sampling in glass gas pipette and further determination using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. The experimental results, presented by means of tables and diagrams, are analysed and discussed. The available results of the experiment are loaded into the environmental model “ALOHA” for air pollution evaluation and concentrations prediction in the ambient air under different meteorological conditions and technological emergency situations (petrol spillage) at petrol filling station. The research is summarized in conclusions and recommendations. / Tyrimas skirtas aplinkos oro taršos problemai lakiaisiais organiniais junginiais, išsiskiriančiais nuo benzino degalinių. Atlikta svarstomos aplinkosauginės problemos literatūros apžvalga. Apžvelgti oro taršos pasekmės skatinamos LOJ išsiskyrimų nuo benzino degalinių, aktualios ir numatomos LOJ emisijų tendencijos Europoje, tipinis benzino degalinės technologijos išsidėstymas, benzino sudėtis ir svarbiausios LOJ garų formavimui benzino savybės, taikomi garų grąžinimo sprendiniai ir jų efektyvumas. Detaliai aprašytas LOJ eksperimentinis tyrimas, atliktas dviejose Vilniaus miesto tipinės technologijos degalinėse esant panašioms kraštutinėms (LOJ taršos epizodai prie silpnų vėjų, stabilios stratifikacijos ir suspenduoto fotocheminio šalinimo) meteorologiniams sąlygoms. LOJ mėginių ėmimui panaudotas aktyvus metodas su aspiracija į dujines pipetes, LOJ koncentracijos nustatytos dujinės chromatografijos su liepsnos jonizacijos detektoriumi metodu. Tyrimo rezultatai, pateikti lentelių ir diagramų pavidalu, aptarti ir įvertinti. Eksperimento duomenys įkelti į oro kokybės modelį “ALOHA”, siekiant nustatyti LOJ pernašą ir sudaryti LOJ koncentracijų prognozė benzino degalinių aplinkos ore prie skirtingų meteorologinių parametrų ir avarinių technologinių situacijų (benzino išsiliejimas). Tiriamąjį darbą reziumuoja išvados ir rekomendacijos.

Degalinės yra vienas iš pavojingesnių aplinkos taršos šaltinių, nes jų aplinkoje į atmosferą išsiskiria įvairūs tiek aplinkai, tiek žmogaus sveikatai pavojingi teršalai. Šio tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti oro taršos lygį degalinės aplinkoje bei gretimose jos teritorijose, pasirinkus tipišką priemiesčio degalinę. Tyrime buvo nustatinėjamos azoto dioksido, sieros dioksido, benzeno, formaldehido, bei kietųjų dalelių koncentracijos aplinkos ore. Atlikus tyrimus nustatyta, kad didžiausios lakiųjų organinių junginių bei dujų koncentracijos yra degalinės operatoriaus darbo vietoje, kur azoto dioksido (2,03 ppm), benzeno (1,52 ppm) ir formaldehido (1,43 ppm) koncentracijos ore viršijo didžiausias leidžiamas koncentracijas darbo aplinkoje. Degalinėje, lauke visų tirtų lakiųjų organinių junginių ir dujų koncentracijos viršijo ribines vertes aplinkos ore. Taip pat nustatyta, kad už degalinės teritorijos teršalų koncentracija ore padidėja likus 100 m iki degalinės. Kietųjų dalelių tyrimai parodė, kad degalinės aplinkoje daugiausiai vyrauja 0,3 – 0,5 µm dydžio dalelės. Taip pat degalinės teritorijoje, lauke buvo viršyta didžiausia leidžiama kietųjų dalelių koncentracija aplinkos ore. / A petrol station is one of the most dangerous sources which are known to contribute greatly to the pollution of the environment due to normal pollutants they emit into atmosphere. The aim of the research is to assess the level of the pollution in the surroundings of a particular city petrol station as well as in the territory of the nearly by petrol stations. A research has been carried out to measure the amount of nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen monoxide, sulfur dioxide, benzene, formaldehyde and particulate matters concentrations in the air. After carrying out the research it was found out that the largest concentration of volatile organic compounds and gases was discovered in the working place of the operator of the petrol station where the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (2,03 ppm), benzene (1,52 ppm) and formaldehyde (1,43 ppm) in the air exceeded all the limits allowed in working places. The concentration of gases and volatile organic compounds in the station and outside it exceeded the marginal value of in the air. Research also proved that the concentrations of pollutants increase in its amount 100 m around the petrol station. The test on particulate matters shoved that the prevailing size of the particulate matters was about 0,3 – 0,5 µm and their concentration highly exceeded the permitted amounts in the territory of the petrol station.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SergioTPLD_DISSERT_1-57.pdf: 4080097 bytes, checksum: 6b4587c4ddbf8c39fc420eddf4c5025b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-16 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / On Rio Grande do Norte northern coast the process of sediment transport are intensely controlled by wind and sea (waves and currents) action, causing erosion and shoreline morphological instability. Due to the importance of such coastal zone it was realized the multi-spectral mapping and physical-chemical characterization of mudflats and mangroves aiming to support the mitigating actions related to the containment of the erosive process on the oil fields of Macau and Serra installed at the study area. The multi-spectral bands of 2000 and 2008 LANDSAT 5 TM images were submitted on the several digital processing steps and RGB color compositions integrating spectral bands and Principal Components. Such processing methodology was important to the mapping of different units on surface, together with field works. It was possible to make an analogy of the spectral characteristics of wetlands with vegetations areas (mangrove), showing the possibility to make a restoration of this area, contributing with the environmental monitoring of that ecosystem. The maps of several units were integrated in GIS environment at 1:60,000 scale, including the classification of features according to the presence or absence of vegetation cover. Thus, the strategy of methodology established that there are 10.13 km2 at least of sandy-muddy and of these approximately 0.89 km2 with the possibility to be used in a reforestation of typical flora of mangrove. The physical-chemical characterization showed areas with potential to introduce local species of mangrove and they had a pH above neutral with a mean of 8.4. The characteristic particle size is sand in the fine fractions, the high levels of carbonate, organic matter and major and trace element in general are concentrated where the sediment had the less particles size, showing the high correlation that those elements have with smaller particles of sediment. The application of that methodological strategy is relevant to the better understanding of features behavior and physical-chemical data of sediment samples collected on field allow the analysis of efficiency/capability of sandy-muddy to reforestation with local mangrove species for mitigation of the erosive action and coastal processes on the areas occupied by the oil industry / Dada a import?ncia do contexto litor?neo setentrional do Rio Grande do Norte, caracterizada por intenso processo de transporte de sedimentos atrav?s de a??o marinha e e?lica que acarreta eros?o e situa??es de instabilidade morfol?gica da linha de costa, ? que foram realizados a caracteriza??o f?sico-qu?mica e o mapeamento multitemporal de bancos arenolamosos como forma de subsidiar as medidas mitigadoras relacionadas ? conten??o dos processos erosivos nos campos petrol?feros de Macau e Serra instalados na ?rea de estudo. Atrav?s de imagens de sensores remotos, foi poss?vel realizar uma analogia entre as respostas espectrais dos bancos areno-lamosos com ?reas vegetadas (manguezal), indicando a possibilidade de se fazer uma reestrutura??o da ?rea, contribuindo assim com o monitoramento ambiental desse ecossistema. As bandas multiespectrais de imagens LANDSAT 5 TM de 2000 e 2008 foram submetidas ? diversas etapas de processamento digital, associadas em composi??es RGB. Dessa forma, a estrat?gia metodol?gica adotada permitiu estabelecer que, para Dezembro/2008, existiam ao menos 10,13 km2 de ?rea de bancos areno-lamosos, sendo que desses cerca de 0,89 Km2 com a viabilidade de ser empregada no reflorestamento, para a implanta??o de flora t?pica de manguezal local. Por meio da interpreta??o visual dos produtos e da an?lise estat?stica da imagem LANDSAT 5 TM de 12/Dezembro de 2008, foi poss?vel destacar a composi??o R (PC5) G (PC3/PC4) B (Banda 5), in?dita na literatura pois integra informa??es das principais componentes com bandas originais, real?ando as diferen?as entre as unidades de paisagem no ambiente costeiro, com destaque para o limites entre por??es arenosas, lamosas, aquelas recobertas por tapetes alg?licos, al?m de delimitar com mais efici?ncia a geometria dos canais de mar? na zona estuarina. Os mapas das diversas unidades, ap?s reambula??o em campo foram integrados em ambiente SIG na escala 1:60.000, incluindo a classifica??o das fei??es em fun??o da presen?a ou aus?ncia de cobertura vegetal. A caracteriza??o f?sico-qu?mica revelou ?reas com potencialidade para abrigar esp?cies de manguezal local, sendo que os bancos apresentaram caracter?stica granulom?trica com um predom?nio de areias nas fra??es finas; um pH acima da neutralidade com m?dia de 8,4; elevados teores de carbonatos e mat?ria org?nica e; elementos maiores e tra?os apresentaram, de maneira geral, as maiores concentra??es onde prevaleceram os sedimentos de granulometria mais fina, ressaltando a alta correla??o que estes elementos possuem com as part?culas menores do sedimento. A aplica??o desta estrat?gia metodol?gica ? de grande relev?ncia para a melhor compreens?o do comportamento das fei??es alvo do estudo e que, associada com dados f?sico-qu?micos permitem a an?lise da efici?ncia/potencialidade dos bancos ao reflorestamento com esp?cies de manguezais locais para mitiga??o da a??o erosiva dos processos costeiros sobre as ?reas dos campos de produ??o e explora??o de petr?leo instalados na ?rea

The risk of serious accident is increasing with the rise of the amount of chemical industry manufacturing. This accident can have immeasurable consequences. The aim of this thesis is to point out the consequences caused by leakage of dangerous substance of petrol from the biggest cistern in chemical company Synthos Kralupy a.s. and to suggest steps for emergency clearance. To fulfil the aim, examination of serious accident risks had to be carried out first. The method of Dow's Fire and Explosion Index was used for this examination which enabled evaluation of a real fire and explosion risk. Apart from these methods, another method called IAEA-TECDOC-727 was also used. Consequently, possible scenarios of dangerous substances leakage from storage cistern were created. These were simulated through software programmes ALOHA and TerEx. Acquired results were then well arranged in charts. During the research of this issue, a method of controlled interviews was used. These interviews with employees of firefighter emergency service were focused on emergency readiness of the chemical company Synthos Kralupy a.s. A cistern containing dangerous substance represents a crucial risk, even though the results showed that the accident of all petrol leakage from the cistern is very unlikely. However, this accident should not be neglected because a dangerous cloud reaching 565 m from the site of the accident would occurred. The dangerous cloud cause mortality of 70% within a distance of 2,000 m and a distance of 4,970 m to the 1 st degree burns. If all petrol leaked from the cistern, the consequences would be much bigger than just pollution. It would also include death toll, health problems and vast property damages.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:51:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio RC_TESE.pdf: 2470658 bytes, checksum: a1b4f761594f9b5385c3115369d8a08a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-05 / The definition of the boundaries of the firms is subject that has occupied the organizational theorists long ago, being the seminal work of Coase (1937) indicated as the trigger for one theoretical evolution, with emphasis on governance structures, which led to a modern theory of incomplete contracts. The Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) and Agency Theory arise within this evolution, being widely used in studies related to the theme. Empirically, data envelopment analysis (DEA) has established itself as a suitable tool for analysis of efficiency. Although TCE argues that specific assets must be internalized, recent studies outside the mainstream of theory show that, often, firms may decide, for various reasons, hire them on the market. Researches on transaction costs face with the unavailability of information and methodological difficulties in measuring their critical variables. There`s still the need for further methodological deepening. The theoretical framework includes classic works of TCE and Agency Theory, but also more recent works, outside the mainstream of TCE, which warn about the existence of strategies in use of specific assets that aren`t necessarily aligned with the classical ideas of TCE. The Brazilian oil industry is the focus of this thesis, that aimed to evaluate the efficiency of contracts involving high specificity service outsourced by Petrobras. In order to this, we made the categorization of outsourced services in terms of specificity, as well the description of services with higher specificity. Then, we verified the existence of relationship between the specificity of services and a number of variables, being found divergent results than those that are preached by the mainstream of TCE. Then, we designed a DEA model to analyze the efficiency in the use of onshore drilling rigs, identified among the services of highest specificity. The next step was the application of the model to evaluate the performance of drilling rigs contracts. Finally, we verified the existence of relationship between the efficiency of contracts and a number of variables, being found, again, results not consistent with the theory mainstream. Regarding to analyze of efficiency of drilling rigs contracts, the model developed is compatible with what is found in academic productions in efficiency of drilling rigs. The results on efficiency show a wide range of scores, with efficiencies ranging from 31.79% to 100%, being low the sample efficiency average. There is consonance between the model results and the practices adopted by Petrobras. The results strengthen the DEA as an important tool in studies of efficiency with possibility to use for analysis other types of contracts. In terms of theoretical findings, the results reinforce the arguments that there are situations in which the strategies of the organizations, in terms of use of assets and services of high specificity, do not necessarily follow what is recommended by the mainstream of TCE / A defini??o das fronteiras da firma ? tema que tem ocupado os te?ricos organizacionais h? bastante tempo, sendo o trabalho seminal de Coase (1937) apontado como desencadeador de uma evolu??o te?rica, com ?nfase nas estruturas de governan?a, que desemboca numa moderna teoria dos contratos incompletos. A Economia dos Custos de Transa??o (ECT) e a Teoria da Ag?ncia surgem dentro desta evolu??o, sendo bastante utilizadas em estudos associados ao tema. Empiricamente, a An?lise Envolt?ria de Dados (DEA) vem se firmando como ferramenta adequada para an?lises de efici?ncia. Embora a ECT argumente que ativos espec?ficos devam ser internalizados, estudos recentes fora do mainstream da teoria mostram que, muitas vezes, as firmas podem decidir, por motivos diversos, contrat?-los no mercado. As pesquisas sobre custos de transa??o deparam-se, com a indisponibilidade de informa??es e com dificuldades metodol?gicas para medi??o de suas vari?veis cr?ticas. Existe, ainda, a necessidade de aprofundamento metodol?gico. O referencial te?rico contempla trabalhos cl?ssicos da ECT e da Teoria da Ag?ncia, mas tamb?m trabalhos mais recentes, fora do mainstream da ECT, que alertam para a exist?ncia de estrat?gias no uso de ativos espec?ficos n?o necessariamente alinhadas com as ideias cl?ssicas da ECT. A ind?stria petrol?fera brasileira ? o foco da tese, que teve como objetivo avaliar a efici?ncia dos contratos de servi?os de elevada especificidade terceirizados pela Petrobras. Para tanto, foram feitas a categoriza??o dos servi?os terceirizados quanto ? especificidade e a descri??o dos servi?os de mais elevada especificidade. Na sequ?ncia, foi verificada a exist?ncia de rela??o entre a especificidade dos servi?os e uma s?rie de vari?veis, encontrando-se resultados divergentes do que prega o mainstream da ECT. Em seguida, foi elaborado um modelo DEA para an?lise de efici?ncia na utiliza??o de servi?os de sondas de perfura??o terrestres, identificado entre os de mais elevada especificidade. O passo seguinte foi a aplica??o do modelo para medi??o da efici?ncia dos contratos de sondas. Por fim, foi verificada a exist?ncia de rela??o entre a efici?ncia dos contratos e uma s?rie de vari?veis encontrando-se, mais uma vez, resultados n?o condizentes com o mainstream da teoria. No tocante ? an?lise de efici?ncia dos contratos de sonda, o modelo elaborado ? compat?vel com o que se encontra em produ??es acad?micas sobre efici?ncia de sondas. Os resultados quanto ? efici?ncia mostram um largo espectro de escores, com efici?ncias que variam de 31,79% a 100%, sendo baixa a efici?ncia m?dia da amostra. H? conson?ncia entre os resultados do modelo e as pr?ticas adotadas pela Petrobras. Os resultados refor?am a posi??o da DEA como ferramenta importante nos estudos de efici?ncia, com possibilidade de uso para an?lise de outros tipos de contratos. Em termos de achados te?ricos, os resultados refor?am os argumentos de que existem situa??es em que as estrat?gias das organiza??es, no que se referem ? utiliza??o de ativos e servi?os de elevada especificidade, n?o seguem necessariamente o que ? preconizado pelo mainstream da ECT

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IvanovitchMDS.pdf: 411979 bytes, checksum: a431957d3dc2eb80548829e8010ed589 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-10 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The greater part of monitoring onshore Oil and Gas environment currently are based on wireless solutions. However, these solutions have a technological configuration that are out-of-date, mainly because analog radios and inefficient communication topologies are used. On the other hand, solutions based in digital radios can provide more efficient solutions related to energy consumption, security and fault tolerance. Thus, this paper evaluated if the Wireless Sensor Network, communication technology based on digital radios, are adequate to monitoring Oil and Gas onshore wells. Percent of packets transmitted with successful, energy consumption, communication delay and routing techniques applied to a mesh topology will be used as metrics to validate the proposal in the different routing techniques through network simulation tool NS-2 / Grande parte do monitoramento de po?os petrol?feros terrestres realizados atualmente est? baseado em solu??es sem fio (wireless). Todavia, essas solu??es apresentam uma configura??o defasada tecnologicamente na medida em que s?o utilizados r?dios anal?gicos e topologias de comunica??o ineficientes. Por outro lado, tecnologias que adotam r?dios digitais podem proporcionar solu??es mais eficientes relacionadas com o consumo de energia, seguran?a e toler?ncia a falhas. O trabalho investiga se as Redes de Sensores Sem Fio, tecnologia de comunica??o que utiliza r?dios digitais, s?o adequadas para o monitoramento de po?os petrol?feros terrestres. Porcentagem de pacotes entregues com sucesso, consumo de energia, atrasos de comunica??o e t?cnicas de roteamento para uma topologia em malha s?o as m?tricas usadas para validar a proposta atrav?s da ferramenta de simula??o NS-2