Resonant ionization laser ion sources are applied worldwide to increase purity and intensity of rare isotopes at radioactive ion beam facilities. Especially for heavy elements the laser wavelengths required for efficient resonant laser ionization are not only element dependent, but also vary to small degrees from isotope to isotope. Since the first operation of an actinide target at ISAC-TRIUMF in 2008, the demand for neutron-rich isotopes far away from stability has steadily increased. Those isotopes often have very low production rates so that often only a few ions per second are released. In order to study isotope shifts and hyperfine structure of silver, actinium and astatine, in-source resonant ionization spectroscopy in combination with radioactive decay detection has been applied. Despite the Doppler limited resolution, it has the advantage that it is ultra-sensitive and the atomic spectrum for the nuclear ground and isomeric states can be investigated individually. An isobaric separation has been demonstrated for 115-119Ag, where the hyperfine structure of one state showed a splitting of 22 GHz to 38 GHz while for the other state only a single peak spectrum can be resolved. For astatine and actinium, the main interest is to measure and study the optical isotope shift, which is for the first excitation step for neutron-rich isotopes in the order of IS_FES≈±3.7GHz/u for both elements, as these observables give insight into nuclear moments and shape. In addition, also the isotope shift of the second excitation step for astatine has been measured to IS_SES,At≈-1.7GHz/u. Laser spectroscopy on astatine has mainly been performed on the neutron-deficient isotopes 199,205At due to high count rates and low isobaric contamination. With the results obtained it is possible to extrapolate the required wavelength for ionizing and delivering the isotopes 221-225At which are of interest to e.g. electric dipole moment studies. / October 2017

Media is belittling millennials for the current overall decrease in civic engagement. They are criticized for their apparent lack of responsibility, political knowledge and reluctance to get involved in current affairs, and social media and the Internet have been regarded as contributing to this civic decline. Millennials choose more liquid forms of organizing, as they have uprooted from pre-established and stable collective identities. There is a change in generations and their activities, and millennials’ use of social media for both political and civic engagement is a growing research field now. Hence this thesis aims to determine how civic engagement has been redefined by new media and generational shifts. The Internet has been proven to entice citizens to thoroughly engage in politics, providing a framework for broad social participation, which is inherently democratic, becoming a potent tool for civic and political participation, a crucial motivation for the core constituency of movements. According to the theoretical and empirical material, with the emergence of new media, new concepts, such as online activism, have been materialized or old ones, such as simple protests, have simply shifted and adapted to current times. There is not a discontinuity but rather a redefinition of civic engagement. The findings of the current study are significant in this sense, as they support the theoretical concept of the reinvigoration of civic life through generational shifts and the rise of new media.

This thesis represents one phase of a joint effort of research on the properties of liquids and solids. This work is concerned primarily with the microwave properties of solids. In this investigation the properties exhibited by conductor and semiconductor materials when they are subjected to electromagnetic radiation of microwave frequency are studied. The method utilized in this experiment is the perturbation of a resonant cavity produced by introduction of a cylindrically shaped sample into it.

Subfamilies Rygmodinae and Sphaeridiinae together form approximately one third of the extant diversity within the family Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera: Polyphaga). Members of both these subfamilies inhabit wide spectrum of aquatic and terrestrial environments including specialized habitats such as phytotelmata, carrion or termite nests. So far, habitat shifts within these subfamilies have been only tested with a limited amount of taxa at the family level. Using a broader sampling and Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods, genus-level molecular phylogenetic analysis and divergence dating were performed. The dataset included 96 taxa, representing all major clades (genus groups) in both subfamilies, sequenced for two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes. A single shift from the aquatic to terrestrial environment in the Middle Jurassic was suggested, thus revealing both subfamilies and all tribes as ancestrally inhabiting decaying plant material and leaf litter. Secondary returns to aquatic habitats were suggested for two lineages of the Rygmodinae and several lineages belonging to tribes Coelostomatini and Megasternini. A single shift to flowers was revealed in the subfamily Rygmodinae. Similarly, single independent shifts to the inquiline lifestyle in tribes Omicrini and Megasternini were revealed. In...

Research has established a close link between talk and cognition; that talk is central to the meaning-making process and thus to learning science. However, the challenge is shifting teacher pedagogical practices to those that promote meaningful learner talk and mediate substantive engagement with science concepts. Research suggests that long-term school based teacher support programmes do bring about changes in teacher beliefs and classroom practices. My study was part of a five year project to investigate teaching strategies for the implementation of South Africa’s new science curriculum in Soweto high schools. Taking a socio-cultural perspective I sought to understand the use of science talk as a tool for teachers to mediate meaningful engagement with and understanding of high school science. I investigated teacher-learner interactions in three experienced teachers’ classrooms following their participation in the intervention programme. I wanted to understand how they used talk to create dialogic discourse and how meaning making was negotiated within this discourse. Taking a collaborative research approach I used case study methodology to collect and analyse observational data from each teachers’ lessons. Data analysis was informed by Mortimer and Scott’s model for analysing classroom interactions and Toulmin’s Argument Pattern (TAP). My findings indicated that classrooms had become interactive. Although teachers took up a largely authoritative stance there was tendency to a dialogic communicative approach. That is, while traditional IRE discourse persisted, there was significant evidence that teachers created dialogic discourse (eliciting and taking up learners’ ideas). Teachers both opened up and shut down talk, through evaluative and elaborative feedback, respectively. I observed the emergence of spontaneous argumentation in two teachers’ lessons. Argumentation differed from forms reported in literature in two significant ways. First, arguments were co-constructed by the teacher and learners and secondly, an unusual form of argumentation to make sense of conventional science concepts as opposed to the usual argumentation on socio-scientific issues as observed in local South African studies so far. Whereas most argumentation research has focused on the structure of arguments constructed by individual participants, I observed arguments co-constructed collaboratively by several participants. These findings have been published in a peer reviewed journal. A further, unrecorded finding for South Africa was engagement in talk within hybrid spaces, which are combinations of formal scientific ways of talking with context-based and culturally informed forms of talk. Lastly, science talk was enriched in these classrooms by linking it to other forms of engagement, such as reading, writing, practical activities and computer technology. This too has not been reported in South Africa. Some methodological findings emanating from my study included the positive effects of the model adopted by the Project on Implementation of Curriculum Change (ICC Project). The project employed a model of sustained on-site teacher support, systematic teacher-researcher collaboration, co-teaching and modelling of teaching strategies. I also discuss the implications of my findings for teacher professional development as well as for science teacher education in South Africa and further afield.

Entender as nuances que permeiam a formação do desejo na publicidade de moda é o objetivo primordial desta pesquisa. Para tanto, a proposta busca, por meio de uma levantamento bibliográfico, integrar dois importantes campos do conhecimento, comunicação e psicanálise. Dado o nível de abrangência de cada campo mencionado, uma delimitação dos mesmos em Enunciação Publicitária e Psicanálise Lacaniana foi necessária. Ambas as teorias se configuram como suportes promissores para uma pesquisa envolvendo a produção de sentido na publicidade. Este fenômeno, caracterizado como produção de sentido, carrega consigo as ventosas responsáveis pela colagem do desejo ao significante, estudado em Psicanálise Lacaniana como conceito central. Mas, por outro lado, a psicanálise mostra que o significante, sozinho, não oferece os subsídios necessários à boa compreensão das relações de consumo atreladas à comunicação publicitária. É necessário pensar o significante de forma integrada, como parte do processo de subjetivação, como é o caso do funcionamento das leis da linguagem no inconsciente, intituladas por Lacan como metáfora e da metonímia. Este é um domínio da psicanálise que, associada à Enunciação Publicitária, seara da comunicação, mostra um forte potencial para explicar a formação do desejo na publicidade de moda. Formação de desejo dada na produção de sentidos presentes em mensagens publicitárias, na qualidade de enunciações que favorecem representações da subjetividade do consumidor em enunciados da publicidade. A união de ambas as teorias é operacionalizada por uma metodologia de análise que, sustentada em seis vertentes teóricas e quatro indicadores de pertinência entre publicidade e psicanálise, une e mescla duas outras metodologias, a da Enunciação Publicitária e a da Psicanálise Lacaniana. A primeira se refere ao estudo da produção de sentido, permeada por embreagens e debreagens de dêiticos presentes nos discursos publicitários e estudadas como leis da Enunciação Publicitária. A segunda metodologia, referente à Psicanálise Lacaniana, também investiga produção de sentidos e de significações ligadas ao processo de subjetivação em nível psíquico, no que se refere, por exemplo, à construção de identidades. O resultado do estudo levou à constatação de que o consumo, permeado pelas representações da publicidade, tornou-se parte do processo de subjetivação. Neste contexto, influenciado por promessas de gozo operadas via discurso, via linguagem, identidades são estruturadas e desestruturadas, desejos são feitos e desfeitos. O resultado leva a concluir também que o consumo contemporâneo tornou-se parte indissociável do universo simbólico, no qual são formados sujeitos cada vez mais alienados em relação à verdade sobre si mesmos, pois, a promessa de gozo, enquanto uma via fálica para a obturação da falta, aponta sempre em direção a referenciais externos, ligados a objetos pertencentes ao domínio do grande Outro, da cultura e sobretudo da ideologia. / Understanding the nuances that permeate the creation of desire in fashion advertising is the primary objective of this research. To do so, the proposition searches through a literature review, to integrate two important fields of knowledge, communication and psychoanalysis. Given the scope of each field mentioned, a division of the same utterance in advertising and Lacanian psychoanalysis was necessary. Both theories are configured as promising supports for a research involving the production of meaning in advertising. This phenomenon, characterized as the production of meaning, carries the stickers responsible for bonding the desire to the signifier, studied in Lacanian Psychoanalysis as a central concept. But on the other hand, psychoanalysis shows that alone, the signifier does not provide the necessary subsidies for a proper understanding of the consumption relations, bound to the publicitary communication. It is necessary to think of it in an integrated manner, as part of the subjective process, as the functioning of the rules of language in the unconscious mind, called, by Lacan, as metaphor and metonymy. This is the domain of psychanalysis that associated with the publicitary utterance, may well explain the formation of desire in fashion advertising. The formation of desire which is given mainly by the production of present feelings in advertising messages, in the quality of the utterances, that consider the representation of subjectivity of the consumer in advertising statements. The combination of both theories is performed by a methodology of analysis, that supported by six theoretical branches and four indicators of relevance between publicity and psychoanalysis, unifies two other methodologies, the enunciation of advertising and Lacanian Psychoanalysis. The first refers to the study of the production of meaning, and permeated by shifts of deictics, present in the speeches and advertisings studied as laws of the publicitary statements. The second methodology, referring to Lacanian Psychoanalysis, is also investigating the production of meanings and absense of meaning linked to the process of subjectivation in a psychic level, as regards, for example, to the construction of identities. The study results led to the realization that consumption, permeated by the representations of advertising, also became a subjective process. In this context, identities are structured and unstructured, wishes are made and unmade, influenced by promises of joy, operated via speech, via language. The result also leads to the conclusion that the contemporary consumption became an integral part of the symbolic universe in which formed subjects are increasingly alienated from the truth about themselves, because the promise of enjoyment as an avenue for the filling of phallic lack, always points towards external references, linked to objects belonging to the domains of the big other, of culture and above all of ideology.

Introdução: A patogênese da apneia obstrutiva do sono envolve estreitamento da faringe causado por deslocamento de líquido das pernas para o pescoço durante a noite. Objetivo: Determinar o efeito de intervenções que depletem líquido corporal na gravidade da apneia obstrutiva do sono. Métodos: Em ensaio randomizado controlado com placebo, homens diagnosticados com apneia obstrutiva do sono grave, segundo os critérios da Academia Americana de Medicina do Sono, foram aleatoriamente designados para receber diariamente diurético Lasilactona (espironolactona 100 mg + furosemida 20 mg) ou pílula placebo ou aconselhamento nutricional para dieta com restrição de sódio mais pílula placebo. O período de intervenção foi de uma semana. Todos os participantes realizaram a polissonografia portátil tipo III no início e no final do estudo. A mudança no índice de apneia hipopneia (IAH) foi o desfecho primário. Resultados: O estudo incluiu 54 participantes com média de idade (±DP) de 45±8,8 anos, IMC de 29,9±2,9 kg/m2 e IAH de 49±19 eventos/h. A mudança no IAH foi -11 eventos/h de sono (intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC], -15,59 para -5,74) no grupo de dieta, -7,33 (IC 95%, -13,75 para -0,91) no grupo diurético e 0,33 (IC 95%, -2,51 para 3,17) no grupo placebo (P=0,001 para interação tempo × grupo). A redução de água corporal total foi 2,2±2,2 L no grupo diurético (P<0,001) e 1,0±1,6 L no grupo dieta (P=0,002). Os sintomas de sonolência e a circunferência do pescoço reduziram significativamente somente no grupo dieta (P=0,007 e P<0,001 para interação, respectivamente). O uso de diurético aumentou a concentração de aldosterona e a atividade da renina plasmática (P<0,001 para interação). Conclusões: Em homens com apneia obstrutiva do sono grave, intervenções dietéticas e farmacológicas que depletam líquido corporal diminuem o IAH. Esse estudo fornece evidências de que a retenção de líquido corporal desempenha papel na patogênese da apneia do sono. / Rationale: The pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea involves pharyngeal narrowing caused by overnight fluid displacement from the legs to the neck. Objective: To determine the effect of interventions that reduced the body fluid content on obstructive sleep apnea severity. Methods: In this placebo-controlled study, men diagnosed with severe obstructive sleep apnea according American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical criteria were randomized to receive daily diuretic lasilactone (spironolactone 100 mg + furosemide 20 mg) or placebo pill or nutritional counseling to sodium-restricted diet plus placebo pill. The intervention period was one week. All participants underwent out-of-center polysomnographies at baseline and follow-up. The change in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was the main outcome. Results: The study included 54 participants with mean age (±SD) of 45±8.8 years, body mass index of 29.9±2.9 kg/m2, and AHI of 49±19 events/h. From baseline to follow-up, the AHI delta value was −11 (95% confidence interval [CI], −15.59 to −5.74) in the diet group, −7.33 (95% CI, −13.75 to −0.91) in the diuretic group, and 0.33 (95% CI, −2.51 to 3.17) in the placebo group (P=0.001 for time × group interaction). The reduction in the total body water was 2.2±2.2 L in the diuretic group (P<0.001) and 1.0±1.6 L in the diet group (P=0.002). Sleepiness and neck circumference reduced only in the diet group (P=0.007 and P<0.001 for the interaction, respectively). The diuretic use augmented aldosterone concentration and plasma renin activity (P<0.001 for the interaction). Conclusions: Among men with severe OSA, dietary and pharmacological interventions that decrease bodily fluid content reduce the AHI. This trial provides a finding that fluid retention plays a role in apnea pathogenesis.

Nosso objetivo nesse trabalho é estudar o comportamento dos operadores de transferência em f0, 1gN2 , um associado ao deslocamento horizontal (se1 ) e outro associado ao deslocamento vertical (se2 ). Construímos uma equação cohomológica para fins de ampliar a gama de funções às quais os operadores de transferência se aplicam. Estudamos também o comportamento do operador de transferência obtido pela composição dos dois operadores citados e, em condições de comutatividade, encontramos um autovalor e uma autofunção associada, ambos estritamente positivos, e uma automedida para o operador dual, associada ao mesmo autovalor. Tal automedida é um estado de equilíbrio. Além disso, estudamos algumas propriedades ergódicas de transformações de blocos. / In this work we study the behavior of the transfer operators in f0, 1gN2 , one associated with horizontal shift (se1 ) and other associated with vertical shift (se2 ). We build a cohomological equation for the purpose of expanding the range of functions to which the transfer operators apply. We also study the behavior of the transfer operator obtained by the composition of the two cited operators and, in the conditions of commutativity, we find an eigenvalue and an associated eigenfunction, both strictly positive, and an eigen measuse for the dual operator, associated with the same eigenvalue. This eigen measure is an equilibrium state. Furthermore, we study some ergodic properties of block transformations.

The city of Moab, an outdoor recreation hub in eastern Utah, has been encountering both shifts in the seasonality of visitation, and increases in tourist visitation, even with summer temperatures above the normal high. Tourism research describing the effects of climate change on the outdoor recreation industry has focused on winter, snow-dependent activities, while studies in Moab city have focused on the economic value of outdoor recreational activities. Few studies have described the relationship between seasonal tourism and climate change for arid desert locations. The purpose of this study is to describe how the tourism and recreation industry in Moab, Utah is experiencing and adapting to changes in climate. The first part of the research is a regression analysis of existing data, exploring the correlation between monthly national park visitation and climate factors (long-term monthly average temperature and temperature anomaly) that influence tourism seasonality in Arches National Park and Canyonlands National Park. Using an online survey, the second part of the research identifies how seasonality shifts are perceived by different actors in Moab and how they are responding to manifestations of climate change. Regression results indicate that as temperature increases in the region around Moab, national park visitation also increases. Moab businesses are not directly adapting to climate change, but are adapting to perceived increases in visitation throughout the year. The majority of Moab businesses do not attribute the increase in visitation to climate variables, instead visitation increases are believed to be a result of the popularity of the town and the region.

<p>This essay will investigate the cause of <em>shifts – changes made when translating – in the Swedish version of Enid Blyton‟s <em>Five on a Treasure Island. It should be seen as a direct sequel to <em>The Little Girl is Missing – a bachelor degree project written at Stockholm University. In said degree project the methods used when making the shifts was described, but now the reasons <em>why the shifts were made and <em>how they have affected the plot will be presented. To do so a number of theories concerning both gender studies and translation studies will be used. </em></em></em></em></em></p><p>The working hypothesis is that the shifts were made to rid the translated text of the original text‟s sexist content – to create "equality between women and men" (Lpo 94: 3) and making the translation fit the target culture i.e. today‟s Sweden. This claimed sexist content will be determined mainly with the help of the Swedish compulsory school system‟s curriculum, Lpo94, and Berit Ås‟s master suppression techniques. The intention is to bring the translation phenomenon of ideologically influenced translations into the limelight and start a debate. Besides that, this essay will also provide a didactic model for teachers wanting to work with translation dilemmas in class.</p>