Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar as Representações Sociais de estudantes do Ensino Médio sobre o termo indutor \"orgânico.\" O trabalho foi desenvolvido em duas escolas da rede pública estadual de Jundiaí/SP, uma regular e, outra, técnica, à luz da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Para analisar a estrutura dessas representações utilizou-se como suporte teórico e metodológico a Teoria do Núcleo Central. A escolha da palavra deve-se à polissemia do termo e ao contexto em que ele é usado, podendo haver diferentes significados, como o biológico (vida e seres vivos, por exemplo), o da agricultura (agricultura orgânica) e o da alimentação (alimentos orgânicos). Para o conhecimento químico, o termo orgânico está relacionado ao estudo das propriedades e transformações de materiais que apresentam em suas estruturas o elemento químico carbono. As evocações recolhidas de 635 estudantes, através de um questionário de questões de livre evocação e hierarquização de palavras, foram, posteriormente, analisadas pelas técnicas de Análise de Conteúdo, segundo a proposta de Bardin, e da Análise Estrutural das Representações Sociais, de Abric, permitindo, assim, identificar e entender as relações e os sentidos que os alunos estabeleciam para o termo \"orgânico\". As principais perspectivas apresentadas pelos estudantes investigados remetem a sentidos ambientalistas - voltados à seletividade do lixo e à natureza (como lócus de origem e produção de compostos orgânicos) - e de alimentação - relacionados a alimentos, especialmente os orgânicos, que promovam a saúde e bem estar do corpo. Essas constatações sinalizam que esses alunos, mesmo apresentando características específicas relativas a seus \"micro\" grupos sociais, compartilham das mesmas Representações Sociais sobre \"orgânico\" e, assim, possivelmente constituam um mesmo \"macro\" grupo social - estudantes de Ensino Médio da cidade de Jundiaí. / This study aims to investigate the Social Representations of \"organic\" to the high school students of a technical school and a regular governmental school settled in the City of Jundiai (São Paulo State, Brazil) in the scope of the Theory of Social Representations. In order to analyze the structure of those representations it has been used as theoretical and methodological support the Central Nucleus Theory. The choice of the inductor word is due to its various meanings in different contexts, such as biological (life, living beings), agricultural (organic farming) and food (organic food). Concerning the chemical knowledge, the term organic is related to studies of the properties and transformations of materials that contains in their chemical structures the Carbon element The data collected from 635 students, through a questionnaire composed of free evocation of words and ranking questions, were subsequently analyzed by the techniques of content´s analysis, as proposed by Bardin, and structural analysis of social representations, by Abric, allowing to identify and understand the relationships and meanings that the students established about the term \"organic.\" In an overall way, the main perspectives of the surveyed students were focused on environmental aspects - as the wastage selectivity and the nature (comprehended as the locus of origin and production of organic compounds) - and nourishment - related to food, especially organic ones, which promote health and wellness of the body. These outcomes indicate that these students, even presenting specific characteristics related to their \"micro\" social groups, reveal the same social representations regarding \"organic\" what suggests that they might constitute a same \"macro\" social group - \"High School students of the City of Jundiai.

Introdução. A complexidade da cadeia produtiva de alimentos (CPA) torna a Inocuidade de Alimentos (IA) questão fundamental em Saúde Pública, sendo os consumidores co-responsáveis neste processo. Objetivo. O objetivo geral foi identificar atitudes de consumidores em Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição no município de São Paulo acerca da IA, sob a perspectiva da responsabilidade compartilhada. Metodologia. Pesquisa social de caráter exploratório que utilizou um instrumento previamente desenvolvido e testado. Foi desenvolvida em três fases: (1) abordagem qualitativa para levantar representações sociais sobre o tema (n=66); (2) desenvolvimento de um instrumento quantitativo para avaliar atitudes em IA a partir do material empírico da etapa anterior, utilizando escala de concordância/discordância com cada um dos itens (tipo Likert 5 níveis); (3) inquérito com amostra representativa de cada serviço (grupos X n=230; Y n=275), onde também foram coletados dados sócio-econômicos e demográficos (utilizando critério brasileiro oficial) que permitiram comparações entre os grupos. Foi adotada a técnica Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo e seus preceitos teóricos para tratamento dos dados qualitativos e construção dos itens da escala. O instrumento foi testado (n=61) para análises de confiabilidade (índice de discriminação dos itens e cálculo do coeficiente Alfa-Cronbach-). Por fim, foram executadas análises descritivas, comparação de médias de escores entre os grupos para segmentação dos consumidores, e Análises de Componentes Principais (ACP) para extrair estruturas subjacentes de padrões de atitude em cada grupo. Resultados. As representações sociais diferiram de acordo com o perfil sócio-econômico e demográfico dos grupos. A escala final de atitudes (25 itens) obteve boa consistência interna (=0,65) e discriminação de itens (p<0,05). O grupo Y (menor nível educacional e poder de compra) apresentou maior média de concordância com itens de sentido negativo perante o tema. Na primeira ACP foram extraídos 10 (grupo X) e 8 (grupo Y) fatores ortogonais explicando uma variância de 61,4 por cento e 54,1 por cento, respectivamente. Foi observada uma melhor discriminação de atitudes entre os grupos a partir de uma segunda ACP. Ambos os grupos atribuíram valor ao nutricionista e identificaram papel preponderante dos órgãos governamentais e menor grau de responsabilidade do consumidor no cenário de IA. A preocupação com doenças transmitidas por alimentos pareceu ser um bom fator discriminante entre os grupos. O envolvimento do consumidor na CPA se estabelece com padrão de atitudes diferenciado segundo características sócio-econômicas. Discussão e Conclusão. Utilização de parâmetros estéticos e sensoriais para avaliar segurança de alimentos, maior preocupação com alimentos cárneos e maior nível de percepção de risco com insumos agrícolas corroboram os dados da literatura internacional. Os achados permitem o direcionamento de estratégias em marketing social para o aperfeiçoamento de ações educativas e de comunicação de risco, contribuindo para o direcionamento de políticas públicas para o foco no consumidor / Introduction. The complexity of food supply chain makes the Food Safety key issue in Public Health, and demands consumers share responsibility. Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate consumer attitudes towards Food Safety focusing shared responsibility, in two different foodservices in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methodology. Exploratory consumer research that used a survey questionnaire previously developed and tested. The study was developed in three phases: (1) qualitative approach to raise the social representations (n= 66); (2) the development of an attitude scale, based on the empirical material produced in phase 1, to assess individuals agreement/disagreement to each item (5-Likert); (3) survey with a representative sample (n=230 group X, n= 275 group Y), which were also collected socio-economic and demographic data (based on Brazilians official criteria) to compare groups. The qualitative technique Collective Subject Discourse and its theoretical framework were used to construction scale items. The instrument was tested (n= 61) for reliability analysis (item analysis, Pearsons correlation, and Cronbachs alpha coefficient-). Finally, was performed descriptive analysis, comparing mean scores between groups for targeting consumers, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was carried out to summarize the information for target and comparison groups. Results. The social representations differed according to the socio-economic and demographic status. The attitude scale (25 items) reached a good internal consistency ( = 0.65) and item discrimination (p<0.05). The group Y (lower educational level and purchasing power) showed higher mean agreement with negative statements. Ten (group X) e 8 (group Y) orthogonal factors were extracted in the first PCA, explaining a variance of 61.4 per cent and 54.1 per cent respectively. Better attitude pattern discrimination was observed from a second PCA. Both groups of consumers attributed great value to the nutritionist in the restaurant, identified key role of governmental agencies, and less responsibility to consumers related to Food Safety. The concern with foodborne diseases appeared as a discriminating factor between groups. The type of consumers involvement with the food supply chain varies according socioeconomic characteristics. Discussion and Conclusion. The use of aesthetic and sensory parameters to assess Food Safety, greater concern with flesh foods and higher level of risk perception of agrochemical hazards corroborate the literature. These findings allow the targeting of social marketing strategies for the improvement of nutritional education and risk communication, contributing to the direction of public policy focusing the consumer

Estuda o cooperativismo em cabo verde, a partir do conhecimento pratico do cooperador sobre sua cooperativa e analisando-o sob a ótica das representações sociais. A amostra e composta por 15 ss, da zona rural da ilha de santiago, associados as cooperativas de consumo e de produção (agricultura, reflorestamento, pesca e carpintaria/marcenaria) que submete a entrevistas semi-abertas neste estudo de campo. Analisa os depoimentos obtidos, a partir da definição oficial do conceito de cooperativa em cabo verde destacando suas características de instrumento de participação popular, que estimula a mudança social e o desenvolvimento socio-economico, conforme a perspectiva politico-ideológica do estado. Conclui que este conceito se fundamenta no conhecimento pratico dos cooperadores, identificando-o a conteúdos associados aos temas da sobrevivência, da propriedade privada e do trabalho. A participação na cooperativa esta apoiada nas permanências culturais que asseguram a proteção das identidades sociais e permitem a familiaridade e o controle subjetivo da pratica social. Aponta que o aprimoramento do processo de construção de uma pratica cooperativista original pressupõe: a consideração das diferenças entre a concepção oficial e ideológica de cooperativa; as representações sociais que dela tem os cooperadores; e que o estado, assuma o papel de coordenador das iniciativas dos camponeses / The aim of this work is to provide a contribution for the study of the system based on cooperatives in Cabo Verde, taking as reference the common sense knowledge of the cooperator in relation to this own cooperative. Such knowledge has been analyzed based on social representation. As field survey, interviews with cooperators, members of both consumers and producers cooperatives (agriculture, reforestation, fishing, carpentry/ joinery) have been conducted in the rural area of Santiago\' island. We have used as material for analysis statements obtained through semi­ studied interviews. We have considered the official definition of the cooperative in Cabo Verde, wich enhances this characteristic of being a tool for popular participation towards the promotion of the social change and of the social and economical development according to the political- ideological perceptive of the State. We have come to the conclusion that the concept of cooperative wich is based on the common sense knowledge of the cooperators refers to objects identified as: shop, field, boat and carpentery. As part of the nucleus of the representation, we have identified contents pertaining to the themes of survival, private property and work. The participation in the cooperatives stands on the cultural foundations which ensure the protection of social identity and allow the familiarity and the subjective control of the social practice. The improvement of the process for the construction of an original practice whithin the cooperative requires that the differences between the official and ideological conceptin of cooperative and the social that the cooperators have of it are considered, and that the State, rather than being the authority, adopts the role of the coordinator for the peasants\' iniciatives

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar as Representações Sociais dos alunos de uma escola da Rede Estadual de Ensino, no Município de Santo André, sobre o componente curricular Educação Física. Fizeram parte deste estudo 40 alunos do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio que vivenciaram aulas de Educação Física orientadas pelo Currículo Oficial de Educação Física da Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo durante o Ensino Médio. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevista semiestruturada, gravada e transcrita. A análise foi realizada a partir da Teoria das Representações Sociais, seguindo-se as orientações metodológicas da análise do discurso. Os resultados apontam que a Representação Social dos alunos sobre a Educação Física é entendida como uma matéria/aula igual aos outros componentes curriculares, tendo como diferencial aulas práticas conjuntamente com aulas teóricas. Além disso, consideram os conhecimentos aprendidos importantes, pois podem ser utilizados em seu cotidiano fora da escola. Identificou-se que a motivação para as aulas se dá por uma razão estética (por gostarem dos conteúdos relacionados às modalidades esportivas) e por uma razão normativa (visando à nota ou conceito final) / This research has an objective to identify the Student´s Social Representation on the curricular components of physical education in a school of State Schools, located in Santo André. The analysis is conducted with 40 students of the third year high school who experienced physical education classes guided by the Official Curriculum of Physical Education Department of São Paulo State during high school course. By semi-structured interviews recorded and transcribed, the information analysis was performed from Theory of Social Representations, following the methodological guidelines of discourse analysis. As a result, this research shows the social representation of the students about Physical Education as an equal class and school subject to other curriculum components, focusing the practical classes in conjunction with theoretical classes. Furthermore, they consider the knowledge learned important because it can be used in their daily lives outside of school. In addition, it was also identified that the motivation to attend the classes is through an aesthetic reason (because they like the related content to sports) and as normative reason (aiming the final mark or concept)

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar e analisar as representações sociais de violência contra crianças e adolescentes construídas por educadores que denunciaram casos de violência doméstica ao Conselho Tutelar. O fenômeno pode ser definido como todo ato ou omissão praticado por pais, parentes ou outros responsáveis contra crianças e adolescentes, capaz de causar dano físico, sexual e/ou psicológico à vítima. O estudo referenciou-se epistemologicamente na teoria e método de análise das Representações Sociais (Moscovici), que se baseia na análise das práticas discursivas dos sujeitos da investigação. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas, realizadas com 12 educadores da rede municipal de educação da cidade de Uberlândia/MG. Através do método e análise temática, os discursos foram organizados em categorias: 1) Origem, dinâmica familiar dos alunos e dos entrevistados; 2) Representações de violência doméstica vivida na infância e adolescência; 3) Mídias e visibilidade da violência doméstica contra criança e adolescente; 4) Discurso cotidiano no grupo de professores; 5) Significados e sentidos da violência doméstica; 6) Representações do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente; 7) Representações do Conselho Tutelar; 8) O ato de notificar e representar; 9) Visibilidade, intervenção e enfrentamento do fenômeno. As representações sociais de violência doméstica desveladas nas entrevistas foram ancoradas nas cenas vividas ao longo da existência, especialmente naquelas consideradas traumáticas. Os sujeitos que conseguiram minimamente elaborar os traumas e violências sofridas na infância conseguiram olhar para a violência contra criança e adolescente com menor reatualização da própria história, conseguindo representar. A representação do ato de denunciar é paradoxal: por um lado os entrevistados sentem-se na obrigação de denunciar; por outro, o medo da represália dos denunciados, a insegurança em saber se realmente é um caso de violência doméstica, o desconhecimento do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, o olhar sobre a ineficácia do Conselho Tutelar estimulam a denúncia e omissão. Conclui-se que a violência doméstica contra criança e adolescente, como tragédia, só é representada, notificada e criminalizada em relações educacionais em que os agentes e atores tenham elaborado seus traumas infantis e sejam portadores de conhecimentos que lhes permitam um olhar científico, raciocínio crítico e atitude corajosa de defesa intransigente da infância e adolescência violentada / The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the social representation of domestic violence against children and adolescents built by educators who reported cases of domestic violence to the Conselho Tutelar (Child Protection Council). The phenomenon can be defined as every act or omission caused by parents, relatives or any other guardians against children and adolescents, that may cause physical, sexual and/ or psychological damage to the victim. The study epistemologically leaned on the Theory and Method of Social Representations (Moscovici), which is based on the analysis of the investigation subjects\" discursive practices. The data was collected through individual semi-structured interviews, performed with 12 educators from the municipal school system in Uberlândia/ MG. Based on the method and thematic analysis, the speeches were organized in categories: 1) Background and family dynamics of students and interviewees; 2) Representations of domestic violence lived in childhood and adolescence; 3) Media and visibility of domestic violence against children and teenagers; 4) Everyday speech of the educators\" group; 5) Meanings and senses of domestic violence; 6) Representations of the Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (Child and Adolescent Statute); 7) Representations of the Conselho Tutelar (Child Protection Council); 8) The act of notify and representing; 9) Visibility, intervention and confrontation of the phenomenon. The social representations of domestic violence shown on the interviews were anchored on situations lived throughout their existence, especially the ones considered traumatic. The subjects who were able to minimally elaborate the traumas and violence they suffered in their own childhood were able to look at the violence against children and adolescents with a smaller reenacting of their own history, and were able to represent them. The representation of the act of reporting is paradoxical: on one hand, the interviewees feel obliged to report; on the other hand, the fear for the reported ones retaliation, the insecurity of knowing if it really is a violence case, the unawareness of the Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (Child and Adolescent Statute), their idea of the Conselho Tutelar (Child Protection Council) inefficiency stimulate reporting and omission. It can be concluded the domestic violence against children and adolescents, as a tragedy, is only represented, notified and criminalized in educational relationships in which agents and authors have elaborated their own childhood traumas and hold knowledge that allows them to have a scientific look, critical thinking and a brave attitude towards an uncompromising defense of violated childhood and adolescence.

Esta pesquisa objetiva apreender as Representações Sociais de alunos secundaristas do Timor-Leste quanto à dimensão escolar da Química, com fundamentação na Teoria das Representações Sociais, de Serge Moscovici. O Timor-Leste foi colonizado por Portugal de 1511 a 1975 e ocupado pela Indonésia de 1975 até 1999. As Nações Unidas assumiram o governo transitório até 2002, quando foi obtida a independência. Participaram desta pesquisa 17 professores que lecionavam a disciplina de Química e 464 alunos (18 salas de aula) do 10o ao 12o ano de seis escolas secundárias do Timor-Leste (Distritos de Díli e Bobonaro), sendo três privadas e três públicas. Durante ano letivo de 2007-2008, foram recolhidas informações no Timor-Leste utilizando como instrumentos os inquéritos por questionário, aplicados aos diretores, professores de Química e alunos das escolas pesquisadas. Os questionários recolhidos foram traduzidos da língua Tétum para o Português e, de forma a analisar os dados coletados, foi utilizada a técnica da Análise de Conteúdo, de Lawrence Bardin. Os resultados foram obtidos a partir das categorias construídas e remetem ao papel fundamental das Ciências Naturais, para este grupo social específico. Esta Representação Social sobre o papel do Ensino da Química no Timor-Leste pode ser atribuída à situação social e econômica, especialmente após o fim do domínio indonésio. / This study aims to unveil the Chemistry social representations of high school students in East Timor, based on Serge Moscovici\'s Social Representations Theory. East Timor was colonized by Portugal from 1515 to 1975 and occupied by Indonesia from 1975 to 1999. The United Nations led the transitional administration in East Timor from 1999 until its independence in 2002. This work relied on the participation of 17 Chemistry teachers and 464 students (18 classrooms) from 10th to 12th grades of six East Timor high schools, located in the Dili and Bobonaro districts, three of which were private and three public. During the 2007-2008 school year, Chemistry teachers and students, as well as principals of the schools studied in East Timor answered questionnaires, whose answers were later translated from Tetum into Portuguese. The data extracted from the answers were examined in accordance with the Content Analysis technique proposed by Lawrence Bardin. The results were obtained based on the categories built and reflect the central role that Natural Sciences and Chemistry play in this particular social group. The Social Representation on the role of Chemistry education in East Timor can be attributed to the country\'s social and economic conjuncture, especially after the end of Indonesian control.

Dans cette thèse, nous nous concentrons sur la relation entre l'économie et sa représentation sociale, entre la science et son sens commun. Dans un premier chapitre, théorique, nous démontrons que les représentations sociales des individus profanes jouent un rôle dans la modélisation économique et dans la mise en oeuvre des politiques économiques. Dans un second chapitre, empirique, nous décrivons d'abord la représentation sociale de la crise économique de 2008 en France et montrons que les différences de représentation peuvent être dues à la perception des menaces financières personnelles. Ces dernières conduisent à différents types d'actions pour faire face (ou non) à la crise économique. Dans un troisième chapitre, empirique, nous étudions la possibilité d'un ajustement cognitif entre les représentations profanes des théories économiques qui expliquent les crises économiques et ces théories économiques. Nous étudions également l'influence des différences sociodémographiques et psychologiques (telles que les opinions politiques et la croyance en un monde juste) sur ces théories économiques. Enfin, dans un dernier chapitre empirique, nous examinons les représentations sociales de l'euro et abordons la notion d'illusion monétaire ainsi que la perception des politiques monétaires européennes en France. / In this thesis we focus on the relationship between economics and social representations, between science and common sense. First in a theoretical chapter, we discuss how social representations of lay individuals can potentially play a role in economic modeling and in the implementation of economic policies. Secondly, in an empirical chapter, we firstly describe the social representation of the 2008 economic crisis in France and link it to the perception of personal financial threats. We then proceed to demonstrate that this difference can lead to different types of actions in order to cope (or not) with the economic crisis. The third chapter investigates empirically the possibility of a cognitive fit between lay representations of economic theories that explain economic crises and economic theories themselves. The influence of sociodemographic and psychological differences (such as political opinions, and Belief in a Just World) over these economic theories is also studied. The final chapter examines the social representations of the euro and approaches the notion of monetary illusion as well as the perception of European monetary policies among the French population.

Les phénomènes de « sportivisation » des sociétés contemporaines et le développement des moyens de technologies de l’information et de la communication ont permis aux marques de sport une ascension rapide et lucrative à l’échelle mondiale. De même, la surmédiatisation du sport et des célébrités sportives ne fait qu’accroitre cette tendance. De plus en plus, les gens ont tendance à consommer de façon émotionnelle, ce qui sous-tend des comportements individuels et collectifs.L’objectif de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre les comportements et les attitudes des sportifs consommateurs (Djiboutiens et Français) des marques de sport. Pour ce faire, elle utilise les « représentations sociales » (Moscovici, 1961) comme « grille » d’analyse qui permettra de mettre en évidence d’une part les cognitions partagées des consommateurs, et d’autre part, les stratégies marketing mises en place par les entreprises. Ce travail va permettre de comparer les relations sportifs-marques de sport des deux groupes de sujets différents du point de vue socioculturel, en l’occurrence les sportifs Français et les sportifs Djiboutiens.Deux études exploratoires, l’une qualitative (entretien semi-directif) et l’autre quantitative (association libre de mots) ont permis de récolter les premiers jeux des données auprès des sportifs (footballeurs et athlètes) Djiboutiens et Français. La première étude exploratoire a fait émerger les catégories de discours. Quant à la deuxième étude, elle a permis de définir le champ et la structure des représentations sociales. Enfin, une étude confirmatoire, via un modèle d’équations structurelles a permis de tester l’ensemble des hypothèses selon les marques, les sports pratiqués et selon l’appartenance nationale de groupes. In fine, les résultats n’ont pas révélé de différences significatives entre Adidas et Nike. De même, une dichotomie n’a pas été établie entre les représentations sociales des athlètes et les représentations sociales des footballeurs. Par contre, on constate des contrastes entre les représentations des sportifs en fonction de leurs appartenances nationales. / The phenomena of "sportivization" of contemporary societies and the development of information and communication technologies have enabled sports brands to rise rapidly and profitably on a global scale. Similarly, the over-mediatization of sport and sports celebrities only increases this trend. More and more people tend to consume emotionally, which underlies individual and collective behaviours.The objective of this thesis is to understand better the behaviours and attitudes of sports consumers (Djiboutians and French) of sports brands. To do this, it uses "social representations" (Moscovici, 1961) as an analytical "grid" that will make it possible to highlight, on the one hand, the shared cognitions of consumers and, on the other hand, the marketing strategies put in place by companies. This work will make it possible to compare the sports relations of the two groups of different subjects from a socio-cultural point of view, in this case French and Djibouti sportsmen and women.Two exploratory studies, one qualitative (semi-directive interview) and the other quantitative (free association of words), made it possible to collect the first data sets from Djiboutians and French athletes (footballers and athletes). The first exploratory study revealed the categories of discourse. The second study defined the scope and structure of social representations. Finally, a confirmatory study, using a structural equation model, made it possible to test all the hypotheses according to brands, sports practised and the national affiliation of groups. In the end, the results did not reveal any significant differences between Adidas and Nike. Similarly, a dichotomy has not been established between the social representations of athletes and the social representations of footballers. On the other hand, there are contrasts between athletes' representations according to their national affiliation.

Le changement climatique est manifeste et son impact sur l’agriculture est indéniable, surtout dans les pays d’Afrique subsaharienne qui restent les plus vulnérables. Cette étude analyse la représentation sociale du changement climatique chez les agriculteurs au Cameroun. Le cadre théorique est celui de l’approche structurale des représentations sociales. Ainsi, il est question d’examiner l’organisation et la structuration de l’objet changement climatique auprès de ce public spécifique que sont les agriculteurs. Trois enquêtes ont été réalisées à cet effet. La première étude est une enquête exploratoire ; deux groupes d’agriculteurs (N= 60) issus de deux contextes géo-climatiques différents ont été interrogés par le biais du test d’associations libres. On observe que le changement climatique est bel et bien un objet porté en représentation chez les agriculteurs et présente deux noyaux centraux différents articulés autour d’éléments naturels et fonctionnels. La seconde étude a été réalisée quatre ans plus tard auprès de deux groupes d’agriculteurs (N=95), toujours dans les mêmes contextes géo-climatiques. Le test d’associations libres a été complété par le questionnaire de caractérisation. Tout comme la première enquête, on observe également deux représentations sociales différentes du changement climatique. Pour un groupe, l’absence des pluies apparaît plus sailllante et l’avancée du désert plus caractéristique ; tandis que pour l’autre, le changement des saisons semble plus central. La lecture diachronique de l’étude montre des évolutions dans la représentation. La troisième étude s’est intéressée au discours de la presse sur le changement climatique par l’analyse lexicométrique. Trois journaux et quotidiens ont été analysés. On observe une potentielle influence du discours de presse dans le champ représentaionnel. Au-delà de la variable contextuelle qui différencie fortement les deux groupes d’agriculteurs en induisant des représentations sociales différenciées, l’étude montre une représentation sociale décrite essentiellement à travers ses effets, structurée autour des éléments naturels liés à la pratique agricole et qui évolue progressivement. Les résultats sont discutés au regard des caractéristiques climatiques de chaque zone et de l’adaptation au changement climatique par l’adoption de nouvelles pratiques agricoles. / Climate change is obvious and its impacts on agriculture in undeniable especially in sub-saharan african countries which remain the most vulnerable. This study analyzes the social representation of climate change among farmers in Cameroon. The theoretical framework is the structural approach of social representations. Thus, it was question of examining the organisation and the structuring of the object climate change within the specific public which are the farmers. Three surveys were conducted for this purpose.The first study in an exploratory survey ; three groups of farmers (N=60) were interviewed through the free association test. It is observed that climate change is indeed an object of representation for farmers and has a dual structure with two different core centers that have functional elements.The second study was condutued four years laters within two groups of farmers (N=95) still in the same geo-climatic contexts. The free association test was completed by the characterization questionnaire. As with the first survey, there are also two different social representations of climate change. For one group, the absence of rain appears more salient and the advance of desert mor characteristic ; while for the other, the change of season seems more central. A diachronic reading of the study shows changes in the representation.The third study focused on the press release on climate change through lexicometric analysis. Three newspapers and dailies were analyzed. There is a potential influence of the press discourse in the representation field.Beyond the contextual variable that strongly differentiates the two groups of farmers by inducing differentiated social representations, the study shows a social representation described essentially through its effects, structured around natural elements related to agricultural practice and evolving gradually. The results are discussed in terms of the climatic characteristics of each zone and adaptation to climate change through the adoption of new agricultural practices.

Neste trabalho, tratamos de uma imagem que circula em nosso país sobre o espanhol e sua aprendizagem, segundo a qual os chamados \"falsos amigos\" constituem as principais dificuldades para o brasileiro que deseja aprender essa língua estrangeira. Partimos de uma hipótese de Celada & González (2000) de que tal modo de interpretação desse processo foi inaugurado por Nascentes (1939) quem, por sua vez, recolheu em seus estudos muitas das impressões do senso comum de sua época a esse respeito. Tal tradição norteou e em grande parte norteia ainda muitos trabalhos científicos no Brasil a respeito do ensino e da aprendizagem do espanhol, os quais se baseiam, como a interpretação tradicional que lhes dá suporte, nos pressupostos teóricos do modelo da Análise Contrastiva em sua versão forte. Primeiramente fazemos uma análise dos termos mais comuns em circulação (falsos cognatos, heterosemánticos, falsos amigos), mostrando que não fazem necessariamente referência a fenômenos da mesma natureza, e posteriormente questionamos a idéia corrente de que os falsos amigos seriam o grande vilão da aprendizagem do espanhol por brasileiros. Nossa proposta nesta pesquisa é tratar a aprendizagem do espanhol por brasileiros e a formação de sentido de outra perspectiva teórica, que nos permita observar fatores que oferecem restrições às línguas e que atuam na produção dos efeitos de sentido no contato desses dois idiomas; esses fatores serão, essencialmente, a história e as representações sociais. / The present investigation refers to the traditional perception that exists in Brazil about the Spanish language and its learning by Brazilians. In such perception, the uttermost obstacle that any Brazilian must overcome in his process of learning the Spanish language are the denominated \"false friends\". According to Celada & González (2000), such perception has been introduced in Brazil by Nascentes (1939), in whose work one is able to find most of the common sense and common lore opinions about the learning of the Spanish language by Brazilians. Such perception has ever since dominated most of the Brazilian academic investigation about the teaching and learning of the Spanish language, which theoretic basis can be found in the \"strong\" version of the Contrastive Analysis. This investigation begins with the analysis of the terms most commonly used by the academic investigation (such as false friends, false cognates, heterosemánticos), in order to demonstrate that such terms do not refer to the same phenomena. In the sequence, the perception that the \"false friends\" are the greatest villain in the learning of the Spanish language by Brazilians is put in doubt. The final objective of this investigation is to study the process of learning of the Spanish language by Brazilians, and from another theoretic perspective, to analyse the production of meaning that allows to determine the factors (specially history and social representation) which restrict the languages, and influence the production of the meaning in the contact between Brazilian Portuguese and Spanish.