Baigiamajame darbe pateikiamas ŽIV užsikrėtusių žmonių edukacinių poreikių vertinimas ir tenkinimo svarba Lietuvoje. Darbe atskleidžiama ugdymo reikšmė ir pateikiamas ugdymo svarbos vertinimas šiuolaikinėje visuomenėje. Taip pat analizuojama užsikrėtusiųjų ŽIV diskriminacija ir lygių galimybių visuomenėje vertinimas. Darbe vertinama užsikrėtusiųjų ŽIV socialinė integracija bei dalyvavimas ugdymo procese, vertinama sergančiųjų užkrečiamomis ligomis lygių galimybių edukacinėje sistemoje didinimo svarba, pateikiamas ŽIV profesinės reabilitacijos būtinumas, atskleidžiamas ugdymo įstaigų specialistų specialiosios pagalbos teikimas sergantiesiems. Kokybinio tyrimo metodu vertinamas užsikrėtusiųjų ŽIV edukacinių poreikių ir jų tenkinimo svarbos suvokimas. Temos aktualumui pagrįsti buvo atliktas interviu su ŽIV užsikrėtusiais žmonėmis, siekiant nustatyti užsikrėtusiųjų ŽIV edukacinius poreikius. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos teorinės ir praktinės dalių išvados ir rekomendacijos. / This paper presents an analysis of the importance of educational needs and ability to satisfy them for people infected with HIV in Lithuania. The significance of education and it's evaluation in contemporary society is discussed; also the issues of discrimination of HIV infected and the value of equal rights are addressed. Furthermore, this paper presents the evaluation of social integration of HIV infected people and their participation in educational system, reveals the importance of increasing equal rights in education for people with infectious diseases, the necessity of professional rehabilitation of people infected with HIV and the need for specialists of educational institutions to provide special assistance. Qualitative research presented in the paper evaluates how HIV infected perceives their educational needs and the level of their fulfilment. This research is based on semi-structured interviews with people infected with HIV. At the end of the paper conclusions coming from both theoretical and empirical research parts are made and recommendations are formulated.

Darbo objektas – Darbuotojų adaptacija. Darbo tikslas – Ištirti darbuotojų adaptacijos situaciją UAB „Novaturas“. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Atskleisti darbuotojų adaptaciją ir jos ypatumus teoriniu lygmeniu. 2. Pristatyti UAB „Novaturas“, išryškinant darbuotojų ypatumus organizacijoje. 3. Ištirti UAB“Novaturas“ darbuotojų adaptacijos situaciją. Baigiamąjį darbą sudaro trys pagrindinės dalys. Pirmoje dalyje pateikta darbuotojų adaptacijos samprata, struktūra, darbuotojų ypatumų ir adaptacijos proceso analizė teoriniu lygmeniu. Atkreipiamas dėmesį į adaptacijos kilmę ir klasifikaciją. Antroje dalyje aprašyta tyrimo metodika ir organizavimas. Trečioje darbo dalyje pristatyta organizacijos charakteristika ir UAB „Novaturas“ darbuotojų adaptacijos situacijos tyrimas. Gauti anketinės apklausos rezultatai pateikti diagramose ir aprašyti. Šiame darbe darbuotojų adaptacija nagrinėjama socializacijos, darbuotojų ir organizacijos elgsenos aspektais. Išvadose apibendrinti darbuotojų adaptacijos literatūros analizės ir tyrimo rezlutatai. Žmogus – svarbiausias turizmo organizacijos išteklis. Tik būdama socialiai atsakinga už darbuotoją, organizacija sudaro stiprius abipusius santykius, kurių deka, pasiekiami geriausi įmonės rezultatai. Turizmo organizacija nuo kitų organizacijų skiriasi, įmonės ir kliento abipusiu ryšiu. Bet kuris darbuotojų priimamas sprendimas pasiekia klientą. Todėl tinkamai panaudojus individo turimus kompetencijas, įgūdžius, patirtį ir sukūrus jam palankias darbo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of research – employees adaptation. The aim of research- to investigate the situation of employers situation of adaption in „Novaturas“ organization. Tasks : 1. Exposing workers adaptation and its features theoretical point of view. 2. Deliver UAB Novaturas, highlighting features of employees in the organization. 3. Investigate the company Novaturas of adaptation situation. This work consists of three primary roles of parts. The first part contains the theory analysis of employees adaptation concepts, structure, staff characteristics and adaptation process. Draws attention to the origin and classification of the adaptation. The second section describes the research methodology and organization. The third part presents organization characteristic and o adaptation situation assessment survey. Results of the survey presented in charts and described. An adaptation examined in socialization of employees, employee organizations, and behavioral aspects. In conclusion is summarize adaptation analysis of literary and investigative results. Man - the most important resource for tourism organizations. Only by being socially responsible for the employee, the organization builds a strong relationship, which helps to achieve the best results of the company. Tourist organization from other organizations in different business and client mutual connection. Any personnel decision reaches customer. Therefore, proper use of an individual's skills, experience and expertise and the... [to full text]

It is vital for the 18-22 years old risk group teenagers characteristic of the deviational behaviour (i.e. violating social rules and norms) to be involved into re-socialization which might help to restore once lost social patterns and skills. It is possible to achieve through performing on stage applying certain elements of psychodrama. In this research work the subject of analysis is the particular risk group of 18-22 years old teenagers, their lost social patterns and skills as well as the ways to regain them using the elements of psichodrama. The goal is to prove both theoretically and practically the impact made by psichodramatic elements on the teenager risk group in restoring the lost social palterns and skills. After the analysis of Lithuanian educational, training, psichological, social and psychodramatic literature the main features of the deviational behaviour have been identified: hostility towards common activity and inability to participate in it; incapability of self-, and others’ understanding disclosing itself as lack of self-, and others’ confidence; inability to make decisions and deal with problems; inability to hold an effective dialogue, express oneself clearly and logically; and finally, the negative attitude towards the environment in general. The monographic method been chosen for the research within the teenager risk group. The duration of the research – December 2003 – December 2004. During the period the particular conditions have been created... [to full text]

This thesis analyzes the involvement of senior class pupils in self-governing committees and public organizations, discusses the participation of the pupils’ in the social processes, stressing values and social roles. Schoolchildren’s committees are reviewed in the context of changes in the Lithuanian educational system. The proportion of youth participation and non-participation in the organizations operating at the schools is also analyzed. A review is made of which organizations operate in schools and which organizations schoolchildren can actively participate in. A Pupil questionnaire was carried out, in order to find out the particularities of the senior class pupils participation in the activity of public organizations and school committees. 757 respondents were interviewed in large and small cities. The number of respondents is described by requirements of 95 percent reliable intervals and 4 percent inaccuracies, which are considered to be sufficient for representation in quantitative research. The research that was carried out revealed that according to the interview data of the senior class pupils, one quarter of the pupils takes part in a school commitee and one fifth of 16 – 18 year old schoolchildren take part in youth organizations. The proportion of children who participate both in self–governing committees and in youth organizations does not reach one tenth and about two thirds of the respondents do not participate in any activities. More schoolchildren... [to full text]

This qualitative research study aims to investigate how eight members of the Society of Friends (also known as Quakers) experience a divine presence in their Meeting for Worship. The purpose is also to find out how their identity as Quakers has been created, and to see how they look at their Meeting of Worship when it comes to ritual as a concept. The method used in this study is individual, semi-structured interviews and observations of Meeting of Worship. The results show a relatively homogeneous group of individuals from a secular upbringing who as adults sought out a community where silence is appreciated and used to achieve an experience of a divine presence. Berger and Luckmann's theories of socialization have been applied to the results and the discussion reveals how the secondary socialization has been essential in the process of forming the individual into being a Quaker. There is however one exception, in the form of one participant who grew up in the Society of Friends. Catherine Bell’s ritual theory, that no ritual can be defined without its context, can be applied to the Quaker’s view of a ritual. The view Bell has on rituals can be used to understand the views shared by the participants in the study.

Most men and women are employed in occupations largely dominated by people of their own sex. Since occupational aspirations have proven to predict future labor market behavior it is of importance to study young boys’ and girls’ occupational preferences. With the use of a survey based on Swedish 15-year-old children this study examines the association between the gender composition of parent’s occupation and the gender composition of children’s most preferred occupation. Drawing from the sex-role model that emphasizes the importance of the same-sex parents in forming children’s preferences, this study has investigated whether the gender composition of mothers’ (fathers’) occupations has an impact on the gender composition of girls’ (boys’) occupational aspirations. In line with previous research, the sex-role model received support for girls. But the observed association between fathers and sons disappear upon adding control variables. It was also hypothesized that the mothers’ generation entry into high status occupation would make children more likely to also regard their opposite sex parents as a role model. However, this hypothesis did not receive support. The result for girls can be interpreted as a sign that sex-role modeling some extent can be one reason behind the persistent sex segregation in the labor market.

Entrepreneurship is becoming increasingly important to the success of global economies. As a result, this paper assesses the similarities and differences between male and female entrepreneurs in facets that are fundamental to the practice; risk-tolerance, communication and leadership styles. Literature on the subject suggests that men and women differ in these three aspects. Men emerge as entrepreneurs more frequently than women, which has partially been accredited to socialization. Moreover, women are exposed to fewer social and financial resources and opportunities. However, the data suggest that women are equally capable as entrepreneurs. This paper analyzes the interaction of innate psychological qualities and societal influences in the context of entrepreneurship. It proceeds to provide implications and suggestions in order to increase gender diversity and provide equal opportunity.

The pathways through which individuals learn to appraise and behave in intimate relationships greatly influence the quality and stability of their relationships. Research on intimate relationships among college students guided by a socialization framework focusing on learning and ways of viewing relationships is limited. The purpose of the present exploratory study was to examine the experiences and processes wherein young Black collegiate women learn to approach, maintain, and reflect on their intimate relationships. This topic is particularly salient to Black collegiate women who find themselves navigating unbalanced dating scenes and negotiating love relationships while balancing academic achievement and career aspirations. Ten Black, heterosexual women attending a four-year institution of higher education participated in three in-depth interviews where they shared life experiences which contributed to their understanding of intimate relationships. Using symbolic interactionism as a guiding framework allowed me to discover the multiple descriptions and meanings the participants assign to the interactions in their families, with their peers, and in their symbolic environments. The narratives shared by the women in this study revealed a number of experiences which prompted them to engage in self-reflection, critique, and learning with respect to self-identity and intimate relationships. Hearing messages, observing others, and experiencing relationships for themselves provided these women with a foundation for knowing the importance of preserving self-worth and self-identity, establishing expectations, and communicating thoughts and feelings. Implications for practice include the importance of developing specialized relationship education culturally and socially relevant to Black collegiate women, training campus professionals on the unique needs and concerns of this population, and educating parents on communicating with daughters about intimate relationship development. Future research should devote specific attention to social context, paternal-daughter relationship communication, and parental relationship modeling.

This Study examined issues related to persistence in higher education among African American students, using the prominent model proposed by Vincent Tinto. The intentions were to examine the growing gender gap among African American students. The study examines factors from the Tinto model such as high school GPA, College GPA, college social integration and academic integration to try and explain the effects of gender among African American students. This research also attempts to elaborate the Tinto model by considering high school extracurricular activities as a pre-entry attribute that has an effect on persistence in higher education. Use of the Tinto model, even in an elaborated state, did not explain the effects of gender among African American students. This research suggests that other factors not included in the model have some effect on student persistence; one such factor could be gender socialization which can lead to different patterns in educational achievement.

This doctoral dissertation investigates the challenges “foreign teachers” experience in the encounter with the Swedish school and the possibilities they have to manage challenges and to establish their legitimacy. The participants of this study were newly employed in the pre-school, the primary school and the secondary school. The material includes interviews with 21 teachers and complementing observations at the workplaces of five of these teachers. Principals and colleagues have also been interviewed as well as administrators and teacher educators of supplementary teacher training programs. The shift of language of instruction was reported as causing challenges and demanded time and energy from the teachers in preparing the lessons. Here the teachers mentioned knowledge and correct use of the subject specific vocabulary and the ability to use everyday language in the process of building a bridge to the language of the subjects. Difficulties in the interaction with colleagues and parents were reported; when being positioned as less competent due to their second language speaker status. Some examples also reveal that everyday interaction demands knowledge of social practices that are not always familiar to these teachers. The value of individual assets (e.g. professional experience, profound subject knowledge and multilingualism) is enhanced when school principals recognize the resources of these teachers and make use of them in the communities of practice at school. In using activity theory, difficulties in the interaction with students or problems with questioning parents could be analyzed with regard to communities of practice, rule systems or division of labor in the activities of the school. This thesis emphasizes the importance of a critical discussion of existing norms, values and hierarchies in local school contexts if schools in Sweden in general are to be seen as learning and working contexts for teachers as well as students of all backgrounds. / Flerspråkighet Litteractitet Utbildning (FLU)