En este trabajo se analizará la cobertura periodística de la prensa escrita en la participación peruana en la Copa América de 1939, 1975 y 2019 años en que la selección disputó las finales del torneo. La prensa escrita ha sufrido muchos cambios tanto en su formato físico como en la construcción de los textos. Con el paso de los años, el periodismo deportivo escrito comenzó a mezclar la información con la espectacularidad para informar acerca de la participación nacional. En la presente tesis se determina que los diarios analizados optaron por un estilo según las normas y costumbres de la época. Por ejemplo, en la década de los treinta, los redactores de ‘La Crónica’ (1939) narraban los partidos en forma lineal. El texto podía abarcar una página y se utilizaba palabras en inglés. También se apeló a mensajes nacionalistas. Por su parte, ‘El Comercio’ (1975) comenzó a mezclar los géneros periódicos de la nota informativa y la crónica dentro de sus largas páginas. Los redactores siguieron utilizando un discurso nacionalista. Finalmente, el diario ‘Depor’ (2019) siempre utilizó el género de la crónica para relatar la participación peruana. Se observa con más frecuencia la mezcla de información y los recursos literarios para así manipular, de forma inconsciente, las emociones del lector. Se siguió usando un lenguaje con mensajes nacionalistas, sin embargo, los términos en inglés se dejaron de lado para emplear de manera excesiva las jergas o apodos. / In this paper, the journalistic coverage of the written press on the Peruvian participation in the “Copa América” of 1939, 1975 and 2019, years in which the national team played the tournament finals, will be analyzed. The written press has undergone many changes both in its physical format and in the construction of the texts. Over the years, written sports journalism began to mix information with spectacularity to report on national participation. In this thesis it is determined that the analyzed newspapers opted for a style according to the norms and customs of the time. For example, in the 1930s, the editors of ‘La Crónica’ (1939) narrated the games in a linear way. The text could span a page and English words were used. Nationalist messages were also appealed. For its part, ‘El Comercio’ (1975) began to mix the periodical genres of the informative note and the chronicle within its long pages. The editors continued to use a nationalist discourse. Finally, the newspaper ‘Depor’ (2019) always used the genre of the chronicle to relate the Peruvian participation. The mixture of information and literary resources is observed more frequently in order to manipulate, unconsciously, the reader's emotions. A language with nationalist messages continued to be used, however, the English terms were left aside to use excessive jargon or nicknames. / Tesis

Para la difusión de noticias en los nuevos medios de comunicación, el manejo de las redes sociales se ha convertido en una de las herramientas fundamentales del periodista, debido a que el contenido digital de las distintas plataformas virtuales genera un mayor impacto en la sociedad para estar al tanto del acontecer noticioso a diferencia de los medios convencionales como la radio, televisión y periódicos. Actualmente, Twitter es considerado como la red social para la difusión de la noticia, en donde se establecen diferentes opiniones y posturas de los usuarios activos con respecto a los temas coyunturales. Con ello, esta investigación planteó identificar las características del uso de los periodistas deportivos con dicha red social durante la Fase 1 de la Liga 1 Movistar 2020, el torneo profesional del fútbol peruano. Finalmente, luego de analizar 20 tuits, se concluyó que la estructura de la información y la interacción entre usuarios era distinta a través del alcance y la publicación hecha por el periodista, como también el uso adecuado de herramientas de dicha red social como el lenguaje simple, uso de palabras claves en tendencias, hashtags, menciones presente en cada publicación. / For the dissemination of news in the new media, the management of social networks has become one of the fundamental tools of the journalist, because the digital content of the different virtual platforms generates a greater impact on society to be aware of news events unlike conventional media such as radio, television and newspapers. Currently, Twitter is considered as the social network for the dissemination of the news, where different opinions and positions of active users are established with respect to current issues. With this, this research proposed to identify the characteristics of the use of sports journalists with said social network during Phase 1 of League 1 Movistar 2020, the professional Peruvian soccer tournament. Finally, after analyzing 20 tweets, it was concluded that the structure of the information and the interaction between users was different through the scope and publication made by the journalist, as well as the proper use of tools from said social network such as simple language , use of keywords in trends, hashtags, mentions present in each publication. / Trabajo de investigación

The diploma thesis treats sports journalism in the Czech press. It aims to compare sports sections of three Czech daily newspapers - Blesk, Lidové noviny, and Deník (represented by Moravskoslezský deník as a suitable regional variant) by quantitative content analysis according to eight criteria: percentual representation of genres, sports, topics, number of photos, representation of sportsmen and journalists based on their gender, forms of authorship and proportion of sport-oriented articles outside the sports sections and compare it with results from 2011 a 2015 data set and a global project The International Sports Press Survey 2011. In the opening part, the diploma thesis attends to the critical reception of sports journalism coverage and introduce Czech sports journalism after 1989, then briefly characterize chosen daily newspapers. The last chapter of the theoretical part describes data collection and its analysis. The practical part of the diploma thesis fills the gap of lacking quantitative data completed with interpretation and authentic examples from research. This constitutes a framework of future periodic researches and challenges other researchers to serious progress of this neglected discipline in the Czech Republic which could lead to international survey participation of this country...

I denna c-uppsats utforskas den könsrelaterade dynamiken i medierapportering av svensk fotboll. Studien analyserar videointervjuer från Herrallsvenskan och Damallsvenskan för att avslöja eventuella könsskillnader i sportjournalistik och dess inverkan på samhälleliga normer och värderingar. Denna forskning tar sig an en tidigare outforskad aspekt av sportjournalistik genom att granska och jämföra frågeställningarna som riktas mot manliga och kvinnliga fotbollsspelare under videointervjuer. Forskningsfrågorna i uppsatsen är följande: Hur skiljer sig bevakningen och rapporteringen av manliga och kvinnliga fotbollsspelare under en säsong? Samt, Hur skiljer sig de frågor som ställs i svenska fotbollsintervjuer gentemot manliga och kvinnliga fotbollsspelare? Dessa frågor är avgörande för att förstå den övergripande mediabilden och hur kön gestaltas i sportjournalistiken.  Teoretiskt stödjer sig uppsatsen på en rad teorier som ger en djupare förståelse för mediernas roll i samhället och hur de formar uppfattningar om kön och könsroller inom sporten. Dessa inkluderar Journalistikens Makt, Intervjuns Makt, Kön och Genus, Gestaltningsteorin, och Dagordningsteorin. Var och en av dessa teorier belyser olika aspekter av hur könsmönster och maktrelationer skiljer sig i medierapportering och representation inom sportjournalistiken. Metodologiskt använder studien kvantitativ innehållsanalys för att systematiskt analysera och jämföra de könsrelaterade skillnaderna i intervjuerna. Denna noggranna metodik möjliggör en kvantifiering och analys av hur kön påverkar frågor och narrativ som presenteras för spelarna, och ger värdefulla insikter i hur medieinnehållet kan bidra till normbildning och representation inom idrott och media.  Resultaten identifierar betydande könsskillnader i sportjournalistikens gestaltning, med manliga idrottare som får mer frekventa och prestationsinriktade intervjuer, medan kvinnliga idrottare ställs bredare frågor, vilket riskerar att förstärka stereotypa uppfattningar. En tendens där intervjuare och intervjuade delar kön, påvisar en potentiell segregation, men rapportering om bland annat känslor och domslut visar på könsneutralitet. Studien har betydande relevans för flera områden, inklusive medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, idrottsvetenskap, samt för praktiker inom mediebranschen och idrottsorganisationer. Den bidrar till en förståelse av hur könsaspekter och genusgestaltning skiljer sig i medieinnehållet och sportjournalistiken, och kan hjälpa till att forma mer jämställda och inkluderande mediepraktiker. / In this bachelor's thesis, the gender-related dynamics in media reporting of Swedish football are explored. The study analyzes video interviews from the Men's Allsvenskan and Women's Damallsvenskan to reveal any gender differences in sports journalism and its impact on societal norms and values. This research addresses a previously unexplored aspect of sports journalism by examining and comparing the questions directed at male and female football players during video interviews. The research questions in the thesis are as follows: How does the coverage and reporting of male and female football players differ over a season? And, How do the questions asked in Swedish football interviews differ between male and female football players? These questions are crucial for understanding the overall media image and how gender is portrayed in sports journalism.  Theoretically, the thesis relies on a number of theories that provide a deeper understanding of the media's role in society and how they shape perceptions of gender and gender roles within sports. These include the Power of Journalism, the Power of the Interview, Gender and Gender Studies, Representation Theory, and Agenda Setting Theory. Each of these theories highlights different aspects of how gender patterns and power relations differ in media reporting and representation within sports journalism. Methodologically, the study uses quantitative content analysis to systematically analyze and compare the gender-related differences in the interviews. This meticulous methodology enables a quantification and analysis of how gender affects the questions and narratives presented to the players, and provides valuable insights into how media content can contribute to norm formation and representation within sports and media.  The results identify significant gender differences in the portrayal of sports journalism, with male athletes receiving more frequent and performance-oriented interviews, while female athletes are asked broader questions, which risks reinforcing stereotypical perceptions. A tendency where interviewers and interviewees share gender shows a potential segregation, but reporting on emotions and rulings indicates gender neutrality. The study has significant relevance for several areas, including media and communication studies, sports science, as well as for practitioners in the media industry and sports organizations. It contributes to an understanding of how gender aspects and gender representation differ in media content and sports journalism, and can help to shape more equal and inclusive media practices.

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Thesis (M.A. (Media Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / This study examined the effect of digital news reporting on professional journalistic practice focusing on fake sport news websites. It evolves from the fact that, despite the progressive benefits of the digital revolution, the rise of fake news websites has become common practice associated with the clickbait that spreads rumours posted on unofficial accounts often with a journalistic pretext. The aim of this study was to examine how fake digital sport news reporting impacts on professional journalistic practice. The objectives of the study were: to describe the nature of internet-based fake sport news stories and websites; to assess the credibility of sport news disseminated through fake news sites, and to determine the implications of fake sport news stories and websites on standard news practice. The descriptive design within the qualitative interpretive paradigm was used to determine the negative effect that fake sport news has on professional journalistic practice. Qualitative content analysis of ten sample news excerpts and in-depth interviews with sixteen expert informants were complementarily used to collect data. Interpretive phenomenological analysis was applied to generate discursive themes which yielded the study outcomes. The data from screenshots and interviews were collected, corroborated and analysed, using content and thematic analysis techniques. After analysing both the screenshots and the interviews, a total of eight themes emerged from the study. The study notes how fake sport news and its associated litany of misinformation and/or disinformation has contributed to the creation of false hypes about sports news to the detriment of professional journalism practice. The study revealed that fake sport news is prominent on social media and poses a major challenge to journalistic integrity and credibility. From the various screenshots, fake headlines were identified as a contributing factor to the rise of fake news stories. It was also found that fake sport news has a negative effect on journalism practice, as it spreads lies, makes people more interested in emotional stories and forces credible news agencies to also use sensational headlines to gain the attention of an audience. The interviews revealed that characteristics of fake sport news stories are exaggerated, misleading, have no source or attributions, no by-lines or unknown authors and misrepresent so-called facts. iv vi The study recommends that research, fact-checking, naming and shaming people/websites that popularize fake sport news should be made known to the public; proper training and assertion of certain rules, regulations and ethics for new reporters and journalists to follow and stick to; there must be thorough research and cross checking of information gained from a secondary source; a governing body to possibly monitor and crack down on serial propagators and spreaders of fake sports news stories; sport journalists should alert readers of fake sport news and fake sport news websites, as these are common in sport due to the popularity of sport news sites; and sport journalists should stay away from reporting/re-writing and sharing fake news in order to maintain credibility and ethics in sport news reporting.

Uppsatsens syfte är att studera skillnader mellan kultur- och sportjournalistik för att kunna undersöka vad dessa skillnader har för grunder och betydelser för vår uppfattning om kultur och sport i samhället. Varför låter sport- och kulturjournalistik så olika? Vad har det för betydelse? Genom att detaljstudera två av Sveriges Radios nyhetsprogram, Kulturnytt och Radiosportens nyheter, görs skillnader mellan de två genrerna tydliga och konkreta. Skillnaderna analyseras utifrån begrepp som genre, hegemoni, dikotomi och uppdelningen mellan hög och låg samhällelig status. Uppsatsens slutsatser är att uppdelningen mellan sport och kultur hålls stabil genom journalistiska genrer, vilka i sin tur är skapade efter uttryckens olika samhälleliga status. Kulturens och sportens historiska bakgrunder och nutida plats i den samhälleliga diskursen speglas så i de journalistiska skillnaderna. Resultatet av undersökningen gestaltas i ett ljudverk som syftar till att tydliggöra hur skillnaderna ser ut genom att vända på genrerna. Hur låter det om man rapporterar om kultur som om det vore sport och hur skulle ett reportage om en sporthändelse låta med kulturjournalistikens verktyg? / The purpose of this dissertation is to study and examine the differences between culture and sports journalism to examine what the grounds of the differences are, and what the consequences are for our understanding of culture and sport in society. Why do sports and culture journalism sound so different? And, what does it mean? Through detailed study of two Swedish Radio news programmes, Kulturnytt and Radiosportens nyheter, the differences between the two genres is made evident and concrete. The differences are analysed through concepts as genre, hegemony, dichotomy and the division between high and low social status. The conclusions of this dissertation are that the division between sport and culture is kept stable by journalistic genres, which in turn is created by the expressions differences in social status. Culture and sport's historical background and contemporary place in the discourse is thus reflected in the journalistic differences. The results of the genre examination are interpreted in a radio piece, aiming to clarify how the differences are constructed by reversing the genres. How would it sound to report on culture as if it were sports, and how could a story about a sport event sound using the instruments of culture journalism?

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / Includes bibliography / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The onset of democracy in South Africa in 1994 was accompanied by the rise in bids for, and the hosting of sports mega-events so as to accomplish national interests and goals. This was done with the purpose of rebranding the South African image to the international community through national and international campaigns that sought to highlight the country’s aspirant status as a rainbow nation and its pan-Africanist ideals. This study investigates how, as host for the 2010 FIFA World Cup™, South Africa was reported on by two international online media newspapers, The New York Times (United States of America (USA)) and the Guardian (United Kingdom (UK)). The aim is to address an understudied aspect of South Africa’s hosting of the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ by reflecting systematically on the tone and content of international media portrayals of the event, both before and during the tournament. The study has two focuses. Firstly, it considers the motives for South Africa’s bid to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup™. Secondly, it appraises the content and nature of reporting in the two overseas newspapers. The study uses a mix of secondary and primary sources, which include academic journals, books, websites, newspaper articles and government and the FIFA websites. The findings of this study suggest that the bid to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ was based on the country’s positive experience from hosting previous sports mega-events. Additionally, South Africa wanted to showcase its commercial maturity, its development of physical infrastructure, and the presence of human skills. The motives underpinning the bid aimed at dispelling and challenging international misconceptions of the African continent. The novelty of an African country bidding to stage and hosting a sport mega-event such as the FIFA World Cup™ resulted in the country gaining extensive international media coverage from The New York Times and the Guardian. The qualitative and quantitative content analysis from these two newspapers yielded some commonality and recurrence of words such as: “stadium”, “tickets”, ‘vuvuzela”, “crime”, and “security”. The differences between the two newspapers were minimal, supporting the liberal-pluralist theoretical claim that the media acts as an agenda setter, and in line with the Marxist theory of the ideological role of the media. Media coverage of sports mega-events is important and influential in determining the way in which the host country is branded, and future studies are necessary to address the / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die koms van demokrasie in Suid-Afrika in 1994 het gepaard gegaan met die toename in tenders en die gasheerskap van megasportgebeure om nasionale belange en doelwitte te bereik. Die doel was die herposisionering van die Suid-Afrikaanse beeld in die internasionale gemeenskap deur middel van nasionale en internasionale veldtogte wat daarna gestreef het om die land se reënboognasiebeeld en sy pan-Afrikanistiese ideale te beklemtoon. Hierdie studie ondersoek hoe Suid-Afrika, as gasheer vir die 2010 FIFA Wêreldbeker, deur twee internasionale aanlynmediakoerante, The New York Times (Verenigde State van Amerika) en die Guardian (Verenigde Koninkryk) uitgebeeld is. Die doel is om die meer onverkende aspekte van Suid-Afrika se gasheerskap onder oë te neem, en voorts om sistematiese peiling te doen van die toon en inhoud van internasionale media-uitbeeldings van die sport gebeurtenis. Die studie het twee fokuspunte. Eerstens word ondersoek ingestel na die motiewe van Suid-Afrika se bod om die 2010 FIFA Wêreldbeker aan te bied. Tweedens beoordeel dit die inhoud en aard van verslaggewing in die twee oorsese koerante. Die studie gebruik ’n mengsel van sekondêre en primêre bronne, insluitend akademiese tydskrifte, boeke, webwerwe, koerantberigte en die regering en FIFA se webwerwe. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie beklemtoon dat die motiewe van Suid-Afrika se bod om die 2010 FIFA Wêreldbeker aan te bied, gegrond was op die bewese positiewe prestasierekord wat die land as gasheer in vorige megasportgebeure opgebou het. Voorts wou Suid-Afrika sy kommersiële volwassenheid, die ontwikkeling van fisiese infrastruktuur, en die teenwoordigheid van mensvaardighede ten toon te stel. Die motiewe vir die bod was ook daarop gemik om internasionale wanopvattings oor die Afrika-vasteland uit te daag en uit die weg te ruim. Die ongekendheid van die aanbied van ’n megasportgebeurtenis soos die FIFA Wêreldbeker deur ’n Afrikaland, het daartoe gelei dat die land uitgebreide internasionale mediadekking in The New York Times en die Guardian geniet het. Die kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe inhoudontleding het getoon dat daar ’n mate van gemeenskaplikheid en herhaling van woorde was, soos: “stadium”, “tickets”, “vuvuzela”, “crime” en “security”. Die verskille tussen die twee koerante was minimaal en ondersteun liberaal-pluralistiese teorie wat die media as ’n agenda steller uitwys. Dit ondersteun ook Marxistiese teorie oor die ideologiese rol van die media. Mediadekking van megasportgebeure is belangrik en invloedryk in die bepaling van die manier waarop die gasheerland as handelsmerk voorgestel word, en toekomstige studies is nodig om die onderbestudeerde aspekte van die 2010 FIFA Wêreldbeker ™ te ontleed. Dit sluit onder andere in, ontleding van die langtermyn ekonomiese, politieke en maatskaplike nalatenskappe van so ’n gebeurtenis.

This thesis deals with medial presentation of two most watched sporting events in the Czech Republic the football Synot league and hockey Tipsport league, on channel ČT Sport. The first chapter introduces the history and play system the top two competitions. The second chapter lists the most important corruption scandals since 1993 in the Czech football and hockey, and discuss also the issue of hooliganism. The third chapter presents the history of the channel ČT Sport, all programs dealing with hockey and football competitions, the most important journalistic tools and TV professions involved in these programs. The fourth chapter presents the first part of the analysis of the two selected TV programs. The fifth chapter presents the analysis of communication and semiotic aspects of the programs Bully and Studio. The sixth chapter contains the author's own survey, which focuses on the perception of programs Bully and Studio from the perspective of the grand public. The aim of this thesis is to determine which of the competitions is presented in a better way, both from a professional point of view and in terms of the perception of spectators.

The thesis titled Self-reflection Of Czech Sport Journalists Working Between 1980 And 1999 In Printed Media And The Influence Of Ideology On Their Role In Society focuses on a question of whether the work of writing sport journalists was influenced by the ruling ideology before 1989. The thesis is based on biographical interviews of five sport journalists, which were taken while using the help of oral history research method. The sport journalists bring their testimonies, memories, experiences and stories associated with the period of normalization, the Velvet Revolution and the post-revolutionary period. The biggest emphasis is placed on a degree of impact of the ruling ideology on the editorial process before 1989. Therefore the thesis touches themes of self-censorship, targeted campaigns, relationships of the journalists to the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia or to The National Security. The work brings views of still writing sport journalists, who evaluate their motivation to do the profession, their ongoing journalistic career and the role of sport journalists in society. This study is a contribution to oral-historical research on the period of normalization and to understanding the influence of ideology on the media activity before 1989. This thesis extends the knowledge of sports...