The submitted diploma thesis deals with presentations of figure skating at Winter Olympic Games from the 1990s to the 2014 Winter Olympic Games in Sochi in two selected daily newspapers, and with ways in which the presentation of figure skating has changed within the analysed period. The first chapter presents sports journalism, its history and famous personalities, its text types and typical language, and characteristic features of a sport journalist. The second chapter presents the connection of sports and media, the concepts of agenda-setting, agenda-building and intermedia agenda, tabloidization and commercialization and ways in which news services work. The third chapter presents figure skating and figure skating events at the analysed Winter Olympic Games. The analysed media and changing paradigms of the media landscape are presented in the fourth chapter. The methodological basis used for the analyses is described in the fifth chapter. The sixth chapter presents the results of the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the newspaper articles. Furthermore, the interviews with two personalities of the Czech figure skating are analysed qualitatively. The results of the quantitative analysis of the articles and the qualitative analysis of the interviews are compared. Keywords figure skating,...

[pt] Esta dissertação tem por objetivo mapear as peculiaridades referentes ao jornalismo esportivo, identificando as práticas adotadas pelos jornalistas dessa editoria e, também, as estratégias narrativas utilizadas na construção de seus textos. A análise tem como corpus notícias sobre a Seleção Brasileira publicadas em três sites jornalísticos – o brasileiro Lancenet!, o argentino Olé.com e o norteamericano SportsIllustrated.com - durante a participação do Brasil na Copa do Mundo de 2010. O trabalho é constituído por três etapas: 1) a contextualização – quando se relaciona futebol brasileiro, copa do mundo e jornalismo esportivo -; 2) o estudo das teorias do jornalismo – referente ao detalhamento do campo do jornalismo, conceito proposto por Pierre Bourdieu – e 3) a análise das notícias, dividida em duas etapas, sendo, a primeira, uma investigação acerca dos valores notícia que guiam os jornalistas dos três sites na seleção e construção da notícia e, a segunda, as estratégias narrativas adotadas por esses profissionais e quais estereótipos aparecem quando se escreve sobre a Seleção Brasileira. A escolha pela coleta das notícias durante a Copa do Mundo é relevante para a realização e para a compreensão deste trabalho, já que é nesse período que a editoria de esporte adquire ainda mais importância e torna-se mais interesse para milhões de pessoas. O maior evento esportivo do mundo coloca em evidência ainda maior o esporte mais praticado, que movimenta paixões e fortunas mundo afora. / [en] This dissertation is aimed at mapping the particularities of Sports Journalism, identifying the practices adopted by sports journalists and also the narrative strategies used in the construction of their texts. The analyses consider reports about the Brazilian Team published on three websites - the Brazilian Lancenet!, the Argentinian Olé.com and the North-American Sportsillustrated.com – during the participation of the Brazilian Squad in the World Cup 2010. This work consists of three stages: 1) the context -as it relates to the Brazilian Football, the World Cup and Sports Journalism are; 2) the study of the Theories of Journalism -regarding the breakdown of the journalistic field, a concept proposed by Pierre Bourdieu; 3) the analysis of the news, divided into two stages: first, an investigation about which news values guide journalists from the three sites in the selection and construction of the news, and, second, the narrative strategies adopted by these professionals alongside which stereotypes appear when they write about the Brazilian Team. The choice for the collection of news during the World Cup is important for the realization and understanding of this work, since it is in this period when the Sports Editor acquires even greater importance and becomes of more interest to millions of people. The world s biggest sporting event highlights more and more this most practiced sport, which moves passions and fortunes all over the globe.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / Bibliography / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The representation of women in the media has been problematic in many respects. Women have often been portrayed in a limited number of roles and media reports have often unnecessarily focused on their physical appearance. In 2009, South African athlete Caster Semenya astonished the athletics world with her times in the 800 m. However, her performance was soon overshadowed by speculation about her sex. Before long, an Australian publication claimed that Semenya had male sexual organs and no womb or ovaries. The publication of this report left other media with a number of ethical dilemmas. This study examined the representation of Semenya in Beeld and Rapport, two Afrikaans newspapers, during the height of speculation. The aim of the study was to determine whether the specified media, in their portrayal of Semenya, adhered to journalism’s ethical principle of truth-telling. Two theoretical frameworks, namely, Representation and African womanism, were used as analytical tools. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the portrayal of Semenya. The study found that the representation of Caster Semenya did not adhere to journalism’s ethical principle of truth-telling in all respects. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die uitbeelding van vroue in die media skiet steeds in verskeie opsigte tekort. Studies oor die onderwerp dui daarop dat vroue dikwels in ’n beperkte aantal rolle uitgebeeld word. Daar word ook gereeld onnodig na vroue se fisieke voorkoms verwys. In 2009 het die Suid-Afrikaanse atleet Caster Semenya die atletiekwêreld verras met haar uitstekende tye in die 800 m. Dié prestasie is egter gou oorskadu deur media-spekulasie oor die atleet se geslag. ’n Australiese publikasie het kort daarna ’n berig gepubliseer wat beweer het dat Semenya manlike geslagorgane het en geen baarmoeder of ovaria nie. Die publikasie van dié berig het die media voor verskeie etiese uitdagings te staan gebring. Hierdie studie het die uitbeelding van Semenya in Beeld en Rapport, twee Afrikaanse koerante, gedurende die hoogtepunt van dié spekulasie ondersoek. Die doel van die studie was om te bepaal of die spesifieke publikasies gehoor gegee het aan media-etiese voorskrifte met betrekking tot die weergee van die waarheid. Twee teoretiese raamwerke, naamlik Uitbeelding en womanism in Afrika, is in dié verband as vertrekpunt gebruik. Kwalitatiewe inhoudsanalise is gebruik om die uitbeelding van Semenya te ontleed. Die studie het bevind dat die uitbeelding van Semenya nie in alle opsigte in ooreenstemming was met dié beginsel nie.

Sexy Sports: A reception study of the National Broadcasting Corporation (NBC) Olympics website coverage of women’s beach volleyball at the 2008 Beijing Olympics involves an examination of the sporting media and its reportage of the female athlete. The thesis will focus on the reception of the NBC Olympics website coverage of women’s beach volleyball at the 2008 Beijing Olympics by viewing groups constituted by the researcher. The reason for this is that it would be difficult to find naturally constituted audiences for this website, but its reception is never-the-less of research interest. My hypothesis is that the nature of the images and text on the website is overdetermined by the construction of women on other popular texts such as men’s magazines etc. In focusing on the meanings obtained from the content of the website (texts and images), the study will investigate how these meanings are naturalised in specific moments of production as well as through their intertextual relationships with similar texts involved in the glamorisation of female athletes. Specifically the study explores the meanings obtained from the content of the website (texts and images) and how in turn these meanings are naturalised by the consumers of the website. The study will utilise a qualitative research design to unpack the content of the website through the use of qualitative content analysis, focus group interviews and individual in-depth interviews. The research will be informed via a theoretical framework that draws from feminist theory, sport feminism, the concept of intertextuality between media texts, ideology and Stuart Hall’s model of preferred reading. Increasingly mainstream media uses the image of a woman’s body to sell almost anything from men’s razors to margarine and in so far as the reporting of women’s sports is concerned this holds true. Through the research I intend to account for the connotative power of other texts i.e. the men’s magazines and pornography, and how this is likely to be carried through into shaping the meanings that are read off the website. Arguably the production of the NBC texts and images are overdetermined by the existence of similar texts already in transmission in the circuit of culture.

O presente trabalho apresenta o processo de produção do livro-reportagem Guerreiras: histórias de mulheres para-atletas nunca antes contadas. A obra compõe-se de perfis de cinco para-atletas da cidade de Uberlândia. Amanda Sousa do halterofilismo; Daniele Martins da bocha; Gisele Ferreira do goalball; Joana Silva do atletismo e Laila Suzigan da natação são as protagonistas do livro-reportagem. Guerreiras tem como objetivo ser um espaço de divulgação do trabalho das esportistas, visando o empoderamento das pessoas com deficiência que são invisíveis à nossa grande mídia. / This work aims to show the production process of the reporting book Guerreiras: histórias de mulheres para-atletas nunca antes contadas. The work is based in five para-athletes profiles: Amanda Sousa (Weighlifting); Daniele Martins (Boccia); Gisele Ferreira (Goalball); Joana Silva (Athletisme) and Laila Sozigan (Swimming) are the protagonists from the reporting book. Guerreiras:has as objective to be an disclosure space of these athletes work aiming the disabled people empowerment that are invisible to our big media. / Dissertação (Mestrado)

This diploma thesis {\clqq}Foreign words in the sports publicism`` consists of a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part deals with characteristics of publicistic diction in the particular sports publicism. Then it discusses the process of taking-over foreign words into the Czech lexicon and it also presents the sources used. The practical part stems from the lingual analysis of spoken and written sports publicism. It gives examples of commonly used foreign words in Czech sports publicism, compares a periodical dating before the Second World War with a contemporary professional magazine and shows professionals´ opinions of taking-over foreign words into sports publicism.

Pendant le 20e siècle, la relation entre médias et organisations sportives ont été symbiotiques. Les ressources obtenues grâce à la vente des droits de diffusion télévisée, la communication et les médias exercent une grande influence sur le succès global du football. C’est une relation de tensions et de coopération entre média et organisations sportives, et aussi les frontières sont floues entre les deux champs. Dans ce travail, nous souhaitons comprendre de quelle sorte les médias influencent les organisations sportives, plus précisément comment les clubs de football deviennent des espaces de production d’informations. Plus récemment, les organisations sportives ont investi dans le secteur de la communication, soit à travers le recrutement des communicants et d’autre professionnels de l’information, soit par la création de canaux de communications propres. Nous avons sélectionné, comme objets d’étude, les médias de trois organisations sportives : la webtélé du Paris Saint-Germain (France), le site web du Botafogo (Brésil) et la chaîne télé du Benfica (Portugal). Le travail empirique est constitué d’entretiens ethnographiques avec des professionnels de l’information et des communicants des clubs de football analysés. Suite à ces entretiens, nous avons l’objectif de répondre à trois questions sur la création des médias de club : quelle est sa motivation ; comment fonctionnent-ils ; et qui sont les responsables pour sa mise en place. Le choix de ces clubs offre l’opportunité d’une étude comparative et l’évaluation de différents marchés avec de degrés inégaux de modernisations, en permettant l’identification des proximités et des divergences, associées aux contextes respectifs, ce qui rend possible une tentative de généralisation sur les médias de club et leurs conséquences pour le journalisme sportif et pour la relation entre sport et médias. / During the 20th century, the relationship between Media and Sport were very fertile. The revenues generated by the sale of broadcast rights, the Communication and the Media have a great influence over the global success of football. Media and sports organizations have a relationship based on tensions and cooperation and also very fluid boundaries between them. In this present work, we want to understand how media influence sports organizations, more precisely, how football clubs become a space of content and information production. Recently, sports organizations have invested on media and communication departments, either by hiring public relations and media professionals or by creating their own corporate means of communication. We have selected as research objects, the media of three sports organizations: the WebTV of Paris Saint-Germain (France), the website of Botafogo (Brazil) and the subscription TV channel of Benfica (Portugal). Our empirical work was based on ethnographic interviews with the media and communication staff at these football clubs. Based on our interviews, we aim to answer three questions about the creation of these club owned media: why they were created; how they are structured; and who is responsible for their implementation. The choice of these three clubs allowed a comparative study and the analysis of different markets and realities with diverse levels of modernization, that together with each local social context made possible an attempt to offer a generalization about club owned media and the consequences for sports journalism and the relationship between sport and media.

We studied close to 100 articles about the Swedish cup in cross country skiing, published by the three media outlets that cover the entire series; www.sweski.com , www.langd.se and www.skidzonen.com. The articles were published between 2015 and 2018 and by using a quantitative analysis we discovered that in these articles, the men and the women received almost exactly the same amount of attention, as far as counting words goes. In the articles which focused on both the female and the male athletes, the editors usually chose a picture from the women’s competition as the top image. We also saw a pattern where the women were far more often mentioned by their first names only, whereas the men were usually mentioned by their full names or their last names only. Another interesting theme that we found through a qualitative text analysis regarded how the athletes were portrayed in the articles, where the women seemed to be looked upon as less mature than the men. For example, they were often called “girls” instead of “women”, but the men the same age were never referred to as “boys”. These are seen by us as signs of trivialization and infantlization of the female athletes. However, we did not find any signs of the women being described as weak, or with a focus on their appearances and private lives. These were common patterns in the previous research on the subject. / Vi undersökte knappt 100 artiklar om den svenska cupen i längdskidåkning, publicerade av de tre medierna som bevakar hela serien; www.sweski.com , www.langd.se och www.skidzonen.com. Artiklarna publicerades mellan 2015 och 2018 och med hjälp av en kvantitativ innehållsanalys fann vi att damerna och herrarna fick nästan exakt lika mycket utrymme i dessa artiklar, räknat i antal ord. I de artiklar där båda könen stod i fokus var det  betydligt oftare som en bild från damklassen valdes som toppbild. Vi såg ett mönster där damerna oftare blev omnämnda med enbart sina förnamn, jämfört med herrarna som oftast omtalades med sina hela namn eller enbart efternamn. Ett annat intressant tema som vi fann genom en kvalitativ textanalys gällde hur utövarna porträtterades i artiklarna, där damerna tycktes bli sedda som mindre mogna och vuxna än herrarna. Till exempel kallades de ofta “tjejer” istället för “kvinnor” eller “damer”, samtidigt som de jämnåriga herrarna aldrig blev kallade “killar”. Dessa ser vi som tecken på en trivialisering och en infantilisering av de kvinnliga utövarna. Däremot hittade vi inga tecken på att kvinnorna beskrevs som svaga eller med ett större fokus på deras utseenden och deras privatliv, fenomen som har varit tydligt framträdande i tidigare forskning på ämnet.

En Perú, el fútbol significa más que solo un deporte. Esta actividad influye en cada aspecto de la vida de los peruanos. Y ha sido fundamental en la construcción de la identidad nacional del país. En el siguiente trabajo de investigación se analiza cómo es que se produce este fenómeno en el país y en qué aspectos ha afectado. Además, se explicará el rol que cumplen los medios de comunicación en este comportamiento. Para ello, se analizarán dos programas deportivos dominicales: Fútbol en América y Teledeportes. A su vez, se utilizarán entrevistas, tanto al público en general como a expertos, para entender este fenómeno. / In Peru, soccer means more than just a sport. This activity influences every aspect of Peruvian life. And it has been fundamental in the construction of the national identity of the country. The following research work analyzes how this phenomenon occurs in the country and in which aspects it has affected. Also, the role played by the media in this behavior will be explained. To do this, two Sunday sports programs will be analyzed: Soccer in America and Teledeportes. At the same time, interviews, both the general public and experts, will be used to understand this phenomenon. / Trabajo de investigación

The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze the media coverage of Rytiri Kladno ice hockey club during two extraleague qualifications. The qualitative research is based on concepts of framing and news values. The sample contains four online news websites in two seasons. Three of these websites are parts of large media houses, one of them is focused solely on ice hockey. The aim of this thesis is to describe, how media outputs related to Rytiri Kladno were framed. The frames are described in analytical part, that is concluded with summarization of its findings. Conclusion summarizes the framing analysis results and compares the findings with current academic knowledge of framing and sports journalism in general.