Avec l’intensification des prospections aériennes depuis les années 1960, la recherche sur les campagnes à la fin de l’âge du Fer a pris de l’ampleur. Elles apparaissent fortement occupées par des établissements matérialisés par des enclos quadrangulaires de morphologie plus ou moins complexe. L’évolution de l’archéologie préventive renouvelle ces données et permet une réflexion sur la chronologie, la morphologie, le fonctionnement et la hiérarchie de ces entités. Les analyses s’attardent particulièrement sur les enclos domestiques réunissant la plupart des activités évoquées à travers une importante quantité de mobilier. Depuis une vingtaine d’années, le développement de grandes ZAC a nécessité des décapages extensifs, comme pour la ZAC des Béliers à Brebières (Pas-de-Calais), pour Actiparc à côté d’Arras (Pas-de-Calais) ou dans la Plaine de Caen (Calvados). Ils ont mis en évidence des portions de territoire fortement structurées par des ensembles d’établissements ruraux se développant simultanément au sein d’un réseau de fossés parcellaires. Ils ont été nommés « terroirs ». Une nouvelle réflexion se développe alors : l’établissement rural ne peut plus être étudié comme une entité indépendante, mais bien comme s’insérant dans un ensemble complexe et appartenant à un réseau économique et social plus important / With the intensification of aerial surveys since the 1960s, research on the countryside at the end of the Iron Age has grown. It appears to be strongly occupied by enclosed rural settlements. The development of preventive archeology renews the data and allows a reflection on the chronology, morphology, function and hierarchy of these entities. Analyses focus on the domestic enclosed features gathering most of the activities apparent through a large amount of the artefacts. Since almost twenty years, the planning of ZAC required excavations of large areas as the ZAC des Béliers in Brebières (Pasde- Calais), Actiparc near Arras (Pas-de-Calais) or the Plaine de Caen (Calvados). They brought out portions of highly structured territory by sets of rural settlements occupied simultaneously in land plots. They were named «terroir». A new approach of the countryside is fixed : a rural settlement can not be studied as an independent entity, but as a complex set inserted in a greater economic and social system

O município de Camaquã está situado na parte centro-sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Do ponto de vista do relevo situa-se parte na Planície Costeira e outra no Planalto Sul-rio-grandense. Esse município estende-se desde as margens da Laguna dos Patos até o topo do Planalto (platô). Conforme pesquisa realizada pelos pesquisadores do Prointer, o município encontra-se em situação de dinamismo, sendo considerado o polo da área em estudo, caracteriza-se por uma agricultura diversificada e intensiva, seja patronal, ou familiar, ambas aparentemente com elevada produtividade. A expansão da fumicultura nos últimos anos na encosta do planalto nesse município instigou o estudo dessa área. Sendo assim, para tentar compreender a complexidade da relação sociedade-natureza aí existente, formulouse a questão que norteou o desenvolvimento da pesquisa: Como as práticas agrícolas adotadas pelos fumicultores de Camaquã (RS), transformam a paisagem local, assim como, implementam a constituição de um terroir do fumo? Através da observação criteriosa da paisagem foi possível analisar e interpretar a dinâmica resultante da interrelação da paisagem e as práticas agrícolas na construção de um terroir do fumo no município. A unidade da paisagem e o seu terroir representam uma porção local, com dinâmica e funcionamento diferenciados, relacionando elementos da morfologia da paisagem e a ocupação do território através dos seus sistemas produtivos, em estreita relação com o contexto histórico. A coleta de dados constou de observação dos indicadores visuais como a ocupação, as práticas, as estruturas, as relações e as formas de apropriações, de entrevistas com agricultores e informantes-chave do município, da análise documental, de fotografias e do mapeamento do meio físico. Pode-se verificar uma estreita relação do contexto histórico na construção e na modificação da Unidade de Paisagem Encosta do Planalto e na implementação do terroir, que se resumiu em momentos distintos, como, a colonização pelos portugueses, a imigração dos pomeranos e a modernização da agricultura. / The municipality of Camaquã is situated in south-central part of Rio Grande do Sul. Of point of view of relief lies part in Coastal Plain and one in Plateau Sul-riograndense. The municipality stretches from the shores of the Laguna of Patos to the top of the Plateau. According to research conducted by researchers from Prointer, the municipality is in a state of dynamism and is considered the hub of the study area, characterized by an intensive and diversified agriculture, or employers, or family, both apparently with high productivity. The expansion of tobacco growing in recent years on the slope of the plateau in this city prompted the study of this area. So to try to understand the complexity of the society-nature existing there, he formulated the question that guided the development of research: How do agricultural practices adopted by growers of Camaquã (RS), transform the local landscape, as well as implement the formation of a terroir of smoking? Through careful observation of the landscape was possible to analyze and interpret the dynamics resulting from the interplay of landscape and agricultural practices in the construction of a terroir of smoking in the municipality. The unity of the landscape and its terroir representing a local portion, with different dynamics and functioning, relating elements of the morphology of the landscape and the occupation of territory through their productive systems, in close relation with the historical context. Data collection included observation of visual indicators such as occupation, practices, structures, relations and forms of appropriation, interviews with farmers and key informants in the municipality, the analysis of documents, photographs and the mapping of the physical. You can check a close relationship with the historical context in the construction and modification of the Unit for Landscape Hill of Plateau and the implementation of terroir, which is summarized at different times, as the colonization by the portuguese, the pomeranian immigration and modernization of agriculture. / El municipio de Camaquã está situado en el parte centro-sur de Río Grande do Sul. Del punto de vista de alivio se encuentra parte de la Llanura Costera y una Meseta en el Sur-rio-grandense. El municipio se extiende desde las Orillas de la Laguna de los Patos hasta la cima del Meseta. Según un estudio realizado por investigadores de PROINTER, el municipio está en un estado de dinamismo y es considerado como el centro del área de estudio, que se caracteriza por una agricultura intensiva y diversificada, patronal, o familiar, ambos com alta con una alta productividad. La expansión del cultivo de tabaco en los últimos años en la Ladera de la Meseta en este municipio, motivó el estudio de esta área. Así que para tratar de comprender la complejidad de la sociedad-naturaleza que allí existen, formuló la pregunta que guió el desarrollo de la investigación: ¿Cómo las prácticas agrícolas adoptadas por los productores de Camaquã (RS), transforma el paisaje local, así como aplicar la formación de un terroir del humo? A través de la observación cuidadosa del paisaje fue posible analizar e interpretar la dinámica resultante de la relación del paisaje y las prácticas agrícolas en la construcción de un terroir del humo en el municipio. La unidad del paisaje y su terruño que representan una parte local, con diferentes dinámicas y funcionamiento, sobre los elementos de la morfología del paisaje y la ocupación del territorio a través de sus sistemas productivos, en estrecha relación con el contexto histórico. La compilación de datos de observación de los indicadores visuales, tales como la ocupación, las prácticas, las estructuras de relaciones y formas de apropiación, entrevistas con los agricultores y los informantes clave en el municipio, el análisis de documentos, fotografías y la cartografía de la físico. Usted puede comprobar una estrecha relación con el contexto histórico en la construcción y modificación de la Unidad de Paisaje Ladera de la Meseta y la aplicación de terroir, que se resume en diferentes momentos, como la colonización por los portugueses, la inmigración pomerania y la modernización de la agricultura.

Este trabalho investiga a relação entre gastronomia e sustentabilidade por meio da análise crítica do sistema de produção e consumo que incide sobre a cultura do \'comer fora\' e da análise crítica do discurso de operadores (chefs ou restaurateurs) de equipamentos de Alimentos e Bebidas (restaurantes) de diferentes tipologias nas microrregiões de Limeira e Piracicaba e proximidades. Verificar em que medida os estabelecimentos escolhidos têm ações compatíveis com o que se aproxima do que poderíamos chamar de sustentabilidade ambiental, alicerçada no conceito de \'territorialização\' dos alimentos utilizados - um conceito em construção - a valorização dos produtos naturais e o respeito à produção do \'saber e sabor do lugar\'. Trata-se aqui, à guisa de hipótese, admitir que o discurso gastronômico atual, que defende a bandeira do \'território\' (ou do \'km 0\') e da sazonalidade das matérias-primas, está longe de orientar as escolhas dos chefs de cozinha e dos responsáveis pelos estabelecimentos em questão. Mas também podemos admitir que o saber gastronômico está, em determinados casos, comprometido com a sustentabilidade ambiental e a preservação da biodiversidade, a viabilidade da agricultura familiar e os destinos do planeta, de um modo mais abrangente. / This work investigates the relationship between gastronomy and sustainability through the critical analysis of the system of production and consumption that focuses on the culture of \'eating out\' and of the critical analysis of the discourse of operators (chefs or restaurateurs cut) of equipment of food and beverages (restaurants) of different typologies in the microregions of Limeira and Piracicaba and nearby. Check to what extent the establishments chosen have actions compatible with that approaches what we could call for environmental sustainability, founded on the concept of \'territorialisation\' of foods used - a concept in building - the exploitation of natural products and the respect of the production of \'know and taste of the place\'. It is here, by way of a hypothesis, admit that the speech current gastronomic, who defends the flag of \'territory\' (or \'km 0\') and the seasonality of raw materials, is far from the choices of the chefs cooking and of persons responsible for the establishments in question. But we can also admit that the know gastronomic is, in certain cases, committed to environmental sustainability and the preservation of biodiversity, the viability of family agriculture and the destinations of the planet, in a more comprehensive way.

O município de Camaquã está situado na parte centro-sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Do ponto de vista do relevo situa-se parte na Planície Costeira e outra no Planalto Sul-rio-grandense. Esse município estende-se desde as margens da Laguna dos Patos até o topo do Planalto (platô). Conforme pesquisa realizada pelos pesquisadores do Prointer, o município encontra-se em situação de dinamismo, sendo considerado o polo da área em estudo, caracteriza-se por uma agricultura diversificada e intensiva, seja patronal, ou familiar, ambas aparentemente com elevada produtividade. A expansão da fumicultura nos últimos anos na encosta do planalto nesse município instigou o estudo dessa área. Sendo assim, para tentar compreender a complexidade da relação sociedade-natureza aí existente, formulouse a questão que norteou o desenvolvimento da pesquisa: Como as práticas agrícolas adotadas pelos fumicultores de Camaquã (RS), transformam a paisagem local, assim como, implementam a constituição de um terroir do fumo? Através da observação criteriosa da paisagem foi possível analisar e interpretar a dinâmica resultante da interrelação da paisagem e as práticas agrícolas na construção de um terroir do fumo no município. A unidade da paisagem e o seu terroir representam uma porção local, com dinâmica e funcionamento diferenciados, relacionando elementos da morfologia da paisagem e a ocupação do território através dos seus sistemas produtivos, em estreita relação com o contexto histórico. A coleta de dados constou de observação dos indicadores visuais como a ocupação, as práticas, as estruturas, as relações e as formas de apropriações, de entrevistas com agricultores e informantes-chave do município, da análise documental, de fotografias e do mapeamento do meio físico. Pode-se verificar uma estreita relação do contexto histórico na construção e na modificação da Unidade de Paisagem Encosta do Planalto e na implementação do terroir, que se resumiu em momentos distintos, como, a colonização pelos portugueses, a imigração dos pomeranos e a modernização da agricultura. / The municipality of Camaquã is situated in south-central part of Rio Grande do Sul. Of point of view of relief lies part in Coastal Plain and one in Plateau Sul-riograndense. The municipality stretches from the shores of the Laguna of Patos to the top of the Plateau. According to research conducted by researchers from Prointer, the municipality is in a state of dynamism and is considered the hub of the study area, characterized by an intensive and diversified agriculture, or employers, or family, both apparently with high productivity. The expansion of tobacco growing in recent years on the slope of the plateau in this city prompted the study of this area. So to try to understand the complexity of the society-nature existing there, he formulated the question that guided the development of research: How do agricultural practices adopted by growers of Camaquã (RS), transform the local landscape, as well as implement the formation of a terroir of smoking? Through careful observation of the landscape was possible to analyze and interpret the dynamics resulting from the interplay of landscape and agricultural practices in the construction of a terroir of smoking in the municipality. The unity of the landscape and its terroir representing a local portion, with different dynamics and functioning, relating elements of the morphology of the landscape and the occupation of territory through their productive systems, in close relation with the historical context. Data collection included observation of visual indicators such as occupation, practices, structures, relations and forms of appropriation, interviews with farmers and key informants in the municipality, the analysis of documents, photographs and the mapping of the physical. You can check a close relationship with the historical context in the construction and modification of the Unit for Landscape Hill of Plateau and the implementation of terroir, which is summarized at different times, as the colonization by the portuguese, the pomeranian immigration and modernization of agriculture. / El municipio de Camaquã está situado en el parte centro-sur de Río Grande do Sul. Del punto de vista de alivio se encuentra parte de la Llanura Costera y una Meseta en el Sur-rio-grandense. El municipio se extiende desde las Orillas de la Laguna de los Patos hasta la cima del Meseta. Según un estudio realizado por investigadores de PROINTER, el municipio está en un estado de dinamismo y es considerado como el centro del área de estudio, que se caracteriza por una agricultura intensiva y diversificada, patronal, o familiar, ambos com alta con una alta productividad. La expansión del cultivo de tabaco en los últimos años en la Ladera de la Meseta en este municipio, motivó el estudio de esta área. Así que para tratar de comprender la complejidad de la sociedad-naturaleza que allí existen, formuló la pregunta que guió el desarrollo de la investigación: ¿Cómo las prácticas agrícolas adoptadas por los productores de Camaquã (RS), transforma el paisaje local, así como aplicar la formación de un terroir del humo? A través de la observación cuidadosa del paisaje fue posible analizar e interpretar la dinámica resultante de la relación del paisaje y las prácticas agrícolas en la construcción de un terroir del humo en el municipio. La unidad del paisaje y su terruño que representan una parte local, con diferentes dinámicas y funcionamiento, sobre los elementos de la morfología del paisaje y la ocupación del territorio a través de sus sistemas productivos, en estrecha relación con el contexto histórico. La compilación de datos de observación de los indicadores visuales, tales como la ocupación, las prácticas, las estructuras de relaciones y formas de apropiación, entrevistas con los agricultores y los informantes clave en el municipio, el análisis de documentos, fotografías y la cartografía de la físico. Usted puede comprobar una estrecha relación con el contexto histórico en la construcción y modificación de la Unidad de Paisaje Ladera de la Meseta y la aplicación de terroir, que se resume en diferentes momentos, como la colonización por los portugueses, la inmigración pomerania y la modernización de la agricultura.

Pour s’imposer sur ce marché de consommation alimentaire fortement concurrentiel, les enseignes de la grande distribution se sont attelées au terroir et à ses produits. Aujourd’hui, les MDD de terroir, porteuses de différenciation, sont les seules à progresser confirmant l’intérêt croissant des consommateurs pour ce type de produit. Le terroir devient un enjeu à la fois en termes de pratique de consommation et de marché alimentaire. L’objectif de recherche est de montrer comment les MDD de terroir contribuent à construire la légitimité de l’enseigne de distribution lui permettant, d’une part, d’accéder aux meilleures ressources locales afin de disposer d’un avantage compétitif et, d’autre part, de créer des conditions nécessaires de conformité en réponse aux pressions de l’environnement qui brouillent et/ou menacent sa légitimité et le sens de ses actions. Pour répondre à la question de recherche le cadre théorique mobilise trois champs théoriques : les concepts image terroir et valeur de consommation, le marketing relationnel sur le comportement du consommateur expliqué notamment par la satisfaction et la confiance et la légitimité élément central de la sociologie néo-institutionnelle. La méthodologie mixte adoptée combine approches qualitative (20 interviews) et quantitative (631 répondants en deux enquêtes) et démontre l’effet positif significatif de l’interaction image terroir – valeur perçue de consommation de la MDD de terroir sur la légitimité territoriale perçue de l’enseigne. La légitimité territoriale perçue participe à la construction de la confiance et médiatise les effets de l’image de la MDD de terroir et de la valeur perçue sur la satisfaction, la confiance en la MDD et la confiance envers l’enseigne. / To impose themselves on the very competitive food consumption market, mass-marketing retailers have tackled the terroir and its regional food products. Today, store-brand regional products, which contribute to differentiation, are the only products whose market share continues to grow. This phenomenon reaffirms the consumers’ increasing interest for this type of products. Regional food products are becoming a new challenge not only in regards to consumption habits but also in regards to the food industry. The first goal of the research is to show how store-brand regional products contribute to building up the legitimacy of the brand by allowing it access to the best local/regional resources in order to obtain a competitive advantage. Its second goal is to create the necessary compliance requirements, in response to the pressure from the environment which confuses and/or threatens its legitimacy and the meaning of its actions. To answer the research question, the theoretical framework mobilizes three theoretical fields: terroir/regional image concepts and consumption value, as well as relationship marketing based on the consumer’s behavior and explained in particular by satisfaction, trust and the central legitimacy component of sociological institutionalism. The mixed methodology combines both a qualitative (20 interviews) and a quantitative approach (631 persons answered the two surveys). It also demonstrates the significant positive effect of the regional image interaction – how the store-brand regional consumption value and the territorial legitimacy of the brand are perceived. The territorial legitimacy contributes to building up confidence and gives media attention to the store-brand regional image and to the perceived value of the satisfaction and the confidence towards the brand.

[pt] O crescente campo da propriedade intelectual é uma fonte de conhecimento muito interessante para a geografia. As patentes, marcas, indicações geográficas são temáticas que permitem análises espaciais sobre a (re)organização do espaço produtivo, a geopolítica, as revoluções técnico-teóricas de nosso tempo. Na própria norma, encontramos as escalaridades e princípios de proteção dos inventos. Observando mais detalhadamente este rico campo, os certificados de indicações geográficas trazem consigo conceitos clássicos da geografia. Se, outrora cristalizados em nossa ciência, encontram-se revitalizados no campo da P.I., sendo cruciais para a obtenção destes certificados e para (re)dinamizar as produções tradicionais, como a vitivinícola. Os apreciadores e entusiastas dos vinhos são familiarizados com o vocábulo “terroir”, conceito geográfico medieval revivido pela normatização da indicação geográfica. Nos emprestando da tríade fato-valornorma de Miguel Reale (2002, 2003), percebemos como normas criam fatos e valores que, reverberarão nas ciências também, e vice-versa, denotando uma retroalimentação nesta tríade jurídica. Num pensamento embebido em Ferdinand Braudel (1958), se, os passados formam o presente, a atualidade permite que entendamos os passados, pela apreciação de reminiscências, permanecias, rugosidades e hibridizações. O mesmo é valido para a ciência, para nossos conceitos, não só adjetivos geográficos como também as ferramentas e a metodologia de análise e de entendimento dos fatores que garantem a unicidade e qualidade de uma produção específica. Feitas estas ponderações, este presente trabalho se ocupará da leitura geográfica da tríade de Reale, mais especificamente das normas que regem a indicação geográfica, entendendo a importância atual do terroir. Num segundo momento, mergulharemos no conceito de terroir, revisitando os séculos XVI, XVII e XVIII, onde, entendendo as temporalidades e suas cargas de passado, procuraremos apresentar as definições do conceito e, como elas modificaram a percepção espacial, da relação entre ser humano e ambiente, do imaginário e das representações ao longo destes séculos, que culminariam com a concepção hoje observável do terroir. Nesta viagem, teremos guias como Montaigne, Montesquieu, Rousseau que, não somente discorreram sobre o terroir, deram importantes contribuições para o conceito. Ao revisitar o terroir, demonstraremos os elos entre este tesouro conceitual e outro, que também anda bem esquecido na geografia, o cristalizado gênero de vida (1911). Pelo presente, dialogando com outros campos, como o direito, observamos o vigor de nossa ciência e de nossos clássicos que, na nossa humilde visão, são bem vanguardistas. / [en] The growing field of intellectual property is a very interesting source of knowledge for geography. Patents, trademarks, geographical indications are themes that allow spatial analysis on the (re) organization of the productive space, geopolitics, the technical-theoretical revolutions of our time. In the standard itself, we find the scalarities and principles of protection of inventions. Taking a closer look at this rich field, the certificates of geographical indications bring with them classic concepts of geography. If, once crystallized in our science, they are revitalized in the field of IP., being crucial for obtaining these certificates and for (re) boosting traditional productions, such as wine production. Wine lovers and enthusiasts are familiar with the term terroir, a medieval geographical concept revived by the standardization of geographical indication. Borrowing from Miguel Reale s factvalue-standard triad (2002, 2003), we see how norms create facts and values that will reverberate in the sciences as well, and vice-versa, denoting feedback in this legal triad. In a thought steeped in Ferdinand Braudel (1958), if the past forms the present, the present allows us to understand the past, through the appreciation of reminiscences, permanences, roughness and hybridization. The same is true for science, for our concepts, not only geographical adjectives but also the tools and methodology of analysis and understanding of the factors that guarantee the uniqueness and quality of a specific production. Having made these considerations, this present work will deal with the geographic reading of the Reale s triad, more specifically the rules that govern the geographical indication, understanding the current importance of the terroir. In a second step, we will dive into the concept of terroir, revisiting the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, where, understanding the temporalities and their past burdens, we will try to present the definitions of the concept and, how they modified the spatial perception, of the relationship between human being and environment, imaginary and representations throughout these centuries, which would culminate in the observable conception of terroir today. On this trip, we will have guides like Montaigne, Montesquieu, Rousseau who, not only talked about the terroir, made important contributions to the concept. By revisiting the terroir, we will demonstrate the links between this conceptual treasure and another, which is also forgotten in geography, the crystallized gen de vie (1911). At present, in dialogue with other fields, such as law, we observe the vigor of our science and our classics, which, in our humble vision, are very avant-garde.

台灣自早期便憑藉著優異之風土條件，進行一系列農業相關的經濟生產活動，稻米、茶葉等相關風土農作，皆曾是台灣重要之出口產品。然而，隨著時代的發展演變，台灣農作雖仍保有其特殊性，卻因他國低價農作之衝擊而陷入經貿困境，茶葉便是其中一例。 台灣茶作為百年傳統之農業，已孕育出無數技藝精湛之茶匠，亦涵養出獨特茶藝文化，此兩者皆能夠作為台灣茶品牌之價值創造來源，創造其附加價值。因此，目前產業鏈之上、中、下游皆有新興茶品牌創立者憑藉著過往對於茶之生活感知及產業經驗，試圖自台灣悠遠的茶文化萃取具廣度與深度的元素，再創新出符合現代消費需求的產品與服務體驗。 故，本研究試圖從三方向探討，分別為：品牌創立者作為一文化媒介人，如何運用其對於茶之生活感知與產業知識影響品牌價值創造；品牌創立者如何將台灣之風土條件轉化為風土資本，作為品牌價值創造來源；以及品牌創立者如何運用體驗之媒介將其所創造之品牌價值傳遞予消費者。 本研究最終結論得出，品牌創立者會將其對於茶之「感」轉化為品牌理念，再透過累積之茶之「知」落實其品牌理念，並依據此兩項「感」與「知」選擇不同之風土資本類型進行價值創造，最後透過各項體驗媒介之工具組合傳遞品牌之文化與經濟價值予消費者。 / People living in Taiwan have engaged in a series of agriculture-related economic activities by means of the “Terroir” from the early stage, such as rice and tea. With time, although agricultural products of Taiwan still reserve the distinctiveness, those of other foreign countries are increasing the market share with the lower price, especially Taiwan tea. There are many artisans with excellent skills of making tea and splendid tea culture with a long story since Taiwan tea is one of the most traditional agriculture. As a consequence, the knowledge of the artisans and the impressive tea culture in Taiwan can be sources to create brand value and competiveness. Currently, some people make innovative tea products and experiences to meet consumer demand by using their perception of tea in life and industrial know-how. As a result, this research will discuss three viewpoints. First, the brand founder uses his tea experience and know-how to affect the value creation. Second, the brand founder transfers terroir into terroir capital and make the terroir be the source of brand value. Third, the brand founder uses all kinds of experience tools to express the brand value to consumers. The conclusion of this research also shows three perspectives. First and foremost, the brand founder converts the “sense” of the tea into brand concept and produces products and services with brand concept by means of the “knowing” of the tea. Besides, the brand founder chooses the type of terroir capital to create brand value according to his “sense” and “knowing”. Last but not the least, the brand founder uses seven experience tools to express the cultural and economic value to customers.

La diversification de l’offre des produits de terroir oblige les distributeurs à s’interroger sur leur implantation en magasin. Cette thèse propose de réfléchir sur la décision de l’implantation des produits de terroir dans le contexte français en adoptant une approche inter-catégorielle, au niveau général du magasin. Cette recherche étudie le rôle des stratégies d’implantation dans l’accroissement de l’accessibilité et de la facilité d’achat des produits de terroir en magasin, d’une part, et dans l’augmentation de la performance financière, d’autre part. Pour ce faire, une étude qualitative exploratoire ainsi qu’une expérimentation dans un magasin ont été menées sur les catégories de produits de terroir. / The diversification of the offer of terroir products forces distributors to question their allocation in the store. The thesis proposes to reflect on the allocation of terroir products in the French context by adopting an inter-categorial approach, at the general level of the store. This research examines the role of shelf space allocation strategies in increasing the accessibility and ease of purchase of terroir products in-store, on the one hand, and in increasing financial performance, on the other hand. Therefore, both an exploratory qualitative study and an experiment in a store have been conducted for the categories of terroir products.

Dans l'ouest de l'Europe, une grande importance est accordée à la composante sol dans l'élaboration des vins. La nutrition minérale est la principale voie par laquelle le sol peut avoir une influence sur la vigne et par conséquent sur le vin qui en est issu. Dès lors, ce travail de thèse appréhende la question plus large des transferts élémentaires entre le sol et la plante à travers de l'utilisation d'outils géochimiques en milieu viticole. Une combinaison de techniques impliquant des indicateurs classiques tels que les rapports élémentaires ou des bilans de masses ainsi que des traceurs plus innovants comme les rapports isotopiques du Cu et la résonance paramagnétique électronique (RPE) est utilisée. Dans un premier temps, l'influence du sol sur la composition élémentaire du vin a été étudiée dans plus que 200 vins provenant d'Allemagne, d'Espagne, de France, et d'Italie. A cette échelle, le type de sol (classé comme calcaire ou non-calcaire) et les conditions météorologiques apparaissent comme des critères discriminants. Par la suite, deux parcelles viticoles de Soave (Italie) aux sols contrastés ont été étudiées afin de d´déterminer l'influence du type du sol sur les vignes. Même si les sols présentent des propriétés pédologiques différentes, une pédogénèse complexe a induit des propriétés géochimiques similaires. Dans les vignes, les traceurs élémentaires et biochimiques montrent que la variabilité inter-annuelle et inter-individuelle est plus grande que la différence liée au sol lui-même. Néanmoins, il est possible de déterminer quel est le sol considéré par l'étude des rapports isotopiques du Sr. Parmi tous les nutriments et éléments toxiques généralement étudiés pour leur mobilité dans les sols, le cuivre a été suivi dans la dernière partie de cette thèse, essentiellement du fait de son épandage toujours massif comme fongicide en viticulture. En effet, les pesticides cupriques comme la bouillie bordelaise sont utilisés depuis environ 150 ans en viticulture. Le Cu s'accumule d`es lors dans les sols et les conséquences ´ecotoxicologiques en font un sujet de plus en plus sensible. Parmi les pesticides analysés dans notre étude, les rapports isotopiques du Cu varient autant entre les différents fongicides que dans les sols étudiés dans la littérature, rendant ainsi impossible l'utilisation de ces isotopes comme traceurs d'origine du Cu dans les sols. [...] / In western Europe, soil is of primordial importance for wine making. Soil qualities are often discussed and an influence on wine flavor is frequently inferred. However, evidence for a role of soil chemistry on wine composition and taste is scarce, but mineral nutrition of grapevine plants is one possible way of influence. This thesis approaches the complex question of elemental cycling between soil and plant through the use of geochemical tracers in vineyard environments. A combination of traditional tracers such as elemental ratios and mass balances as well as innovative tools such as Cu isotope analysis and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) are used on different observation scales. The influence of soil type on wine elemental composition was investigated using over 200 wine samples from France, Germany, Italy and Spain. Results of chemical analysis were then statistically linked to environmental conditions. At this scale, elemental contents of wine vary depending on soil type (calcareous or not), meteorological conditions, and wine making practice. To determine which soil properties can influence the chemical composition of grapevine plants, two vineyard plots on contrasted soils in Soave (Italy) were examined. Soil forming mechanisms were studied along two catenas and subsequently linked to elemental composition of grapevine plants and biochemical markers of plant health. Even though soil morphology was different, complex soil forming processes led to similar geochemical properties of soils. Differences in plant chemical compositions between soil types are small compared to inter-individual and inter-annual variability. However the use of Sr isotopic ratios allows the determination of the pedological origin of plants. In a next step, the fate of Cu pesticides in vineyard soils was studied. Cu-based pesticides have been used for almost 150 years in European vineyards and Cu accumulates in soils, so that the fate of Cu and its ecotoxicological implications are of growing importance. Therefore, Cu mobility in vineyard soils and transfer to grapevine plants were investigated using stable Cu-isotope ratios and EPR-measurements. Isotope ratios of Cu-based fungicides vary largely between products, covering Cu isotope ratios in soils reported in literature and thus making source tracing impossible. However, Cu isotope ratios are useful for tracing biogeochemical mechanisms of Cu transport in soils. The vertical transport of Cu in different soil types was investigated in the Soave vineyard using a combination of mass balance calculations, kinetic extractions and δ65Cu-isotope ratios. Results suggest that Cu can be transported to depth even in carbonated environments. Besides it is shown that heavy organic-bound Cu is lost from carbonated soil columns likely caused by dissolution of Cu carbonates by organic matter. [...]

Cette thèse vise à appréhender le terroir comme un territoire de communication sensible dont l’absence de traduction est déjà problématique. C’est à la fois un terme qui s’impose à tous, dans le monde entier, et un lieu mal défini du discours. La notion reste fuyante, au-delà du droit, de l’histoire et de l’agronomie. Elle séduit le « mangeur social » porté à satisfaire ses désirs d’authenticité et de goût. A cet égard, la profusion des discours médiatiques en déploie l’imaginaire, entre patrimoine alimentaire et, plus profondément, l’identité symbolique du mangeur. Des tensions se créent entre les discours qui l’érigent en modèle et idéalisent son image. Un retour sur l’histoire et les règles du terroir confronte ce périmètre notionnel à la réalité quotidienne et met en relief sa polysémie, sa polymorphie. Des écarts sémantiques existent entre les critères figés par les normes et les pratiques du mangeur envers« des nourritures nostalgiques ». L’étude du terroir comme construit social suppose un déplacement paradigmatique, depuis les croyances et les labels, jusqu’aux médiations du terroir dans des dispositifs variés. Ces derniers créent du sens autour de savoir-faire et de valeurs. L’objectif est de montrer que des significations contradictoires coexistent et animent les médiations sensibles du terroir dans un espace figuratif complexe (sensations, objets, espaces, discours, etc.). Nous mettons enfin à l’épreuve notre concept et notre image du terroir dans deux lieux possibles à concevoir comme espaces publics symboliques : une association de consommateurs et un forum de discussion. / The aim of this thesis is to understand terroir as a tangible communication territory, starting with the lack of conceptual translation in foreign language. Terroir comes to rest in a social space characterized by fleeing models, above and beyond Law, History and Agronomy. Food and eating become the space of contradictory signs for the “social eater” attuned to hedonism and control. The object seduces him to satisfy his desires for authenticity and taste. Discourses and scenes show terroir in an imaginary world, made up of food patrimony and symbolic identity. But it arouses tensions because economic actors take it hold of it. A review of the history and rules about terroir’s provokes its confrontation with everyday reality and reveals its polysemy. Certain differences of meaning exist between criteria established by norms and the eater’s practices toward “nostalgic food”. The study of terroir as a social construct proceed through paradigmatic displacement, from beliefs and labels, to terroir’s mediations in devices. They create meaning around know -how and certain values. The aims, here is to demonstrate that multiple significations coexist and to study how the mediations of terroir’s logic of the senses in figurative spaces are created. We then tested it in two spaces similar to symbolical public spaces: consumers‘s association and internet forum.