'Terroir' is a concept that is used in France, and increasingly elsewhere, to evoke character and quality in food and drink in relation to the place it comes from. In this thesis, I investigate how terroir has attained its present-day economic value and cultural resonance; how it is subject to multiple forms of articulation across France; and how it is put to use as part of the philosophies and practices of environmentally sustainable modes of production. I use cultural and historical modes of enquiry and I draw upon interviews, participant observation, discourse and archive analysis carried out on fieldwork in three production chains in eastern France; being wine production in Burgundy, walnut production in the Isère valley, and Reblochon cheese production in the Alps. In the course of this thesis, I elucidate the cultural significance and epistemology of the concept, and make arguments that propositions for terroir consist of both specific geographical extent and historical density of explanation; that the rhetorical assembly of stories about terroir permits claims for continuity in production and tradition; and that the adoption of organic and biodynamic methods of farming troubles inherited understandings of what terroir is, through the intervention of the lively propensities of biotic actors. This is a story about food, farming and culture in France that I tell to critically examine the local, loyal and constant predicates of terroir, and to make an original contribution to our understanding of the cultural and historical background to the French and European systems of geographical protection in food and drink.

There are described resources, information obtain proceeding, extent and research methods in the first part of the thesis. The fourth chapter, Elemental literary summary, explains basic terms of marketing and public relations. Next part of this charter, deals with description the classification of wines according to different criteria, and explain the differences between the Germanic and Romanic system of labeling wines. It is also explained how the Czech Republic classifies wine as VOC, what are the conditions for its production and what should this sign guarantee. Definitely is not missing a description of VOC Modré Hory and Voc Pálava. In the chapter Trends at the wine market in Czech Republic, we executed an exploration of wine market and marketing surrounding brand analysis. The Communication policy and communications environment chapter describes a role of wine in a society and separates a consumers to the particular segments accoriding to the object groups. The Marketing and terroir chapter explains an acceptance of a role of terroir on the global market and what´s the VOC contribution. How to pass the terroir heritage to the consumer; if a terroir use as an instrument of a tourism, opportunity to emplace just this wine to the plane boards or if use an importance of biodiversity within the framework of marketing terroir message. The Marketing strategy chapter describes an acquisition of clients through the social media, further a potentialities wine investments and the social networks in touch of wine. The fifth chapter summarizes a results of this thesis. Evaluates a gained data and interprets a results of the consumer questionnaire and producer questionnaire. Tha last part of fifth chapter is a verification of defined hypothesis.

At the beginning of the 1990s, the Argentine wine industry experienced a shift from quantity to quality production which occurred while economic policies in Argentina opened economic opportunities for investment in the country. With these new opportunities, the industry began to focus on producing quality wine because of the desire to export and compete in the international market. As foreign investment entered Mendoza, the heart of Argentine wine country, new ideas and knowledge about wine production began to disseminate into the region and everyday practices. The shift from quantity to quality production was a paradigm shift in that it ushered in a new way of understanding quality in relation to the land, resulted in the younger generation of winemakers excelling in the region, and ultimately led to a new way of viewing production practices and techniques entirely separate from the previous century of production. This project asks: to what extent did this shift impact the implementation and regulation of geographic indications in Mendoza? It seeks to understand the impact that terroir-driven wine production imparted on Argentine winemakers to illuminate the resilience and perseverance of a growing wine center in the Global South.

L'Algérie fait partie des principaux pays méditerranéens dont le climat est des plus propices à la culture de l'olivier. Concentré dans les montagnes, en Kabylie, l'huile d'olive est représentative de toutes les productions de terroir qui souffrent surtout d'un manque avéré d'organisation professionnelle. Le besoin de redynamiser la filière oléicole en Algérie est ainsi devenu une nécessité majeure. De ce fait, l'objectif de notre recherche est, d'identifier les acteurs impliqués dans le processus de production, de transformation (Maâsras) et de commercialisation de l'huile d'olive, au niveau de notre région d'étude. Notre travail de recherche vise aussi à analyser les dispositifs institutionnels et les relations formelles ou informelles de la filière afin d'en évaluer les contraintes qui entravent la valorisation de ce produit de terroir. Et s'interroger ensuite sur l'introduction du changement institutionnel pour corriger ou voire améliorer le niveau de performances et la durabilité de la filière. Notre application empirique à la commune de Beni Maouche, en Kabylie, a démontré que le devenir de l'huile d'olive de cette région, dépend de la capacité d'implication des acteurs locaux et de l'appui institutionnel dans le maintien du lien à l'origine et la confiance qui rime avec la proximité. / Algeria is one of the main Mediterranean countries where the climate is more conducive to the cultivation of olive trees. Concentrated in the mountains of Kabylie, olive oil represents all the land productions that suffer most from the lack of proven professional organization. The need to revitalize the olive oil sector in Algeria has become a major necessity. Therefore, the objective of our research is to identify the actors involved in the processes of production, transformation (Maâsras) and olive oil marketing with in our study area. Our research also aims at analyzing the institutional arrangements as well as formal or informal relations in the sector, in order to assess the constraints that hamper the valorization of this local product, and then question the introduction of institutional change to correct or improve the level of performance and sustainability of the sector. Our empirical application to the town of Beni Maouche in Kabylia, has demonstrated that the future of the olive-oil, from this region depends on the local actor's capacity to be involved and on the institutional support in maintaining the source link and trust together with maintaining proximity.

Due to their resilience, durability, and broad genetic variations, increasing the production and consumption of landrace cereals has been highlighted as a solution to handle increasing environmental variability resulting from climate change. However, the consumption of landrace cereals remains low due to limited production and purchase availability for consumers. To increase knowledge and possibly the production and consumption of landrace cereals, the overall aim of the study was to investigate the influence of terroir and the addition of ingredients on consumers' perception and acceptance of sensory qualities in cookies prepared from the landrace cereal swidden rye. Rye (Secale cereale) has been pointed out as a wonder crop and is of historical importance in the Nordic region. The study analyses the application of swidden rye (Swedish: Svedjeråg), a landrace variety of rye, in cookies by investigating how consumers perceive and describe its sensory characteristics. Additionally, the study explores how terroir relates to sensory perceptions. Five samples of swidden rye and a conventional rye sample have been included in the study. The study used a mixed methods approach with a Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA®), a hedonic liking test, a focus group, and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) data. Different sensory profiles could be detected for the cookies produced with swidden rye, and a descriptive vocabulary and sensory profiles have been developed to describe the swidden rye cookies. Common descriptors were a browned butter aroma, a colour that ranged between golden and grey, roasted nutty and rye flavours, with a coarser or oily texture. All cookies were considered liked and acceptable by consumers, and cookies produced with swidden rye and the addition of butter and sugar could meet future consumers' expectations. There were relationships between terroir and sensory perceptions of swidden rye cookies. Relationships were found for increases and decreases in intensities of different sensory attributes. The geographical location on the latitude was only related to a decrease in the liking for texture; otherwise, differences in the consumer's liking were not related to the farm's geographical location. Showing that soil texture and land types are more related to differences in consumer liking and that the geographical location was less so. However, all parameters representing terroir were related to perceived sensory attribute intensities. The knowledge gained can be applied in the efforts to increase the production and consumption of landrace cereals. Communicating both the history, the historical importance, and the different sensory characteristics of swidden rye through terroir could be one way to increase consumers' interests and consumption.

No description available.

Throughout the history of Architecture and Urbanism, many efforts were made and continue being done in order to learn how to successfully design good built environments for human beings. This goal has not only expanded to several other fields such as Geography, Sociology, and Environmental Psychology but also received new and invaluable contributions from several other unexpected fields. Such might be the case with the field of Viticulture and its interesting concept of terroir which has already been used to address topics connected with urbanism and against the increased globalization. The process of globalization in which people are instead considered as citizens of a new global world order reduces the place and rather creates a world of “placelessness”. As a concept, terroir sheds light on the importance of authenticity and how a sense of feeling can generate a cultural identity. However, in a time where neoliberal politics are increasing with a strengthened nationalism, it can also be a source of politics. Although its authenticity can be used as a means to work against globalization, it can also install a perception of unity to the local people, therefore excluding foreigners and maintaining an ideal that is unattainable for multicultural cities. The purpose of this paper is to primarily suggest a definition for a new concept entitled urban terroir and to reveal the elements of the interactive urban ecosystem of a place embodied in our cities’ characteristic and distinctive qualities. In addition, the paper also has an objective of understanding how architects, planners, politicians, and developers can deeply understand terroir when creating places and policies without excluding people from the developed cultural identity it is meant to create. This is possible by interviewing residents from three cities in France, Mulhouse, Dunkerque, and Toulouse, and different areas in the municipality of Stockholm about their respective perception of terroir in the form of authenticity and its linkage to placemaking that may act as an accelerator to further exclusion of cultural minorities in the urban environment. The obtained results conclude a definition of urban terroir as a compilation of elements and certain characteristics that collectively, with respect to the residents in an area, make up the essence of a city. These elements comprise the architecture and its historical significance, inherent traditions tied to the region, temporal legibility, the elements of scale including nodes, paths, landmarks, districts as well as edges, and ultimately, the inclusion of minorities. The author also raises the potential romanticization of nationalism with terroir and authenticity. Thus, policies according to Interculturalism are derived which firstly include acknowledging the impact that politicians have. This includes securing housing, providing strategies to work against the identified ethnic segregation, and developing an agenda that promotes interactions whilst simultaneously nurturing inclusive cultural identities. As for architects and urban planners, the study concludes the potential placemaking has in fostering micro-public places in the city where different cultures can meet. The authenticity behind these places should go beyond the physical attributes and instead include the people living in the city. It becomes crucial to view the city as not limited to the inner-city, but also validate the right to the city and placemaking of inhabitants residing in the periphery by organizing initiatives that foster growth in such areas of the city. By working against the identified current state, in the form of generating authentic interactions with a social attachment to minority cultures, urban planners are able to present an understanding of the inevitable political aspect of placemaking.

No description available.

L’industrie des fromages de spécialité occupe une place très importante au Québec. Sa production annuelle représente plus de 60 000 tonnes de fromages. Bien que les produits québécois se démarquent par leur haute qualité, ils manquent parfois de constances au niveau de leurs propriétés sensorielles (goût, odeur, texture, couleur). Ces variations peuvent être expliquées en partie par un déséquilibre de la microflore fromagère (bactéries et mycètes). Bien que la microflore joue un rôle majeur dans le développement des fromages, très peu d’information est disponible sur sa composition (présence et abondance relative des espèces) pour les fromages du terroir québécois. Le but de ce projet de recherche est de développer une méthode de métagénomique ciblée par séquençage massif d’amplicons (metabarcoding) pour faire la caractérisation complète de la microflore de la surface (croûte) et du coeur (pâte) de ces fromages. Le métabarcoding est une méthode d’identification qui utilise une courte séquence d’ADN représentative du génome entier. Les résultats obtenus lors de ce projet montrent que la région V3-V4 de l’ADNr 16S, pour les bactéries, et la région ITS2 de l’espaceur de transcription interne, pour les mycètes, sont les régions qui permettent de dépeindre le portrait le plus fidèle des écosystèmes fromagers. La microflore de 32 fromages du terroir québécois a été caractérisée. Les régions cibles utilisées recensent les genres dominants associés aux écosystèmes fromagers et permettent aussi la détection spécifique de certains genres moins fréquents. Le nombre de genres dominants identifiés est de 20 pour la région V3-V4, de 22 pour la région V6-V8, de 12 pour la région ITS1 et de 13 pour la région ITS2. Il a également été possible de comparer la communauté microbienne de 15 fromages pour deux années de production (2015 et 2018, 30 fromages au total) afin d’observer la variation de la microflore en fonction du temps. Cette étude a permis d’observer que plus de la moitié des écosystèmes étudiés se révèle être constante. Ces nouvelles connaissances permettent de mieux décrire la typicité des fromages québécois et de proposer des leviers technologiques aux artisans pour produire des fromages de haute qualité de façon plus constante. / The speciality cheese industry plays an important role in the province of Quebec, with a production of over 60 000 tonnes of cheeses. Although these products distinguish themselves with their high quality, a lack of constancy is sometime experienced regarding their sensory properties (taste, smell, texture, color). These variations can be explained, partly, by a microflora disequilibrium (bacteria and fungi). Even though microflora plays an important role in cheese ripening, very little information is available about his composition (presence and relative abundance of different species) for Quebec’s terroir cheeses. This research project aims to develop a targeted metagenomic by massive amplicon sequencing (metabarcoding) to characterize the microflora of cheese rind and cheese core. Metabarcoding is a profiling method using short sequences representative of the entire genome. In this project, the V3-V4 region of the 16S rDNA and the ITS2 region of the rDNA ITS region were identified as the most precise molecular markers for the profiling of respectively bacterial and fungal cheese ecosystems. The microflora of 32 cheeses of the Quebec terroir has been characterized. The target regions used identified the dominant genera associated with cheese ecosystems and also allow the specific detection of some less frequent genera. The number of dominant genus assigned is 20 for the V3-V4 region, 22 for the V6-V8 region, 12 for the ITS1 region and 13 for the ITS2 region. It was also possible to compare the microbial community of fifteen cheeses for two different years of production (2015 and 2018) in order to observe the variation of the microflora over time. This study shows that over half of the ecosystems analyzed are stable. This new knowledge allows a better understanding of Quebec’s terroir cheese typicity and offers new information to cheesemakers on the way to produce high quality cheeses more consistently.

Alors que les produits locaux sont en émergence au Québec et que l'implication des détaillants alimentaires dans la commercialisation de ces produits est croissante, une série d'enjeux semblent complexifier leur commercialisation élargie dans ces magasins. Si les enjeux liés à la commercialisation des produits locaux en circuits courts ont été documentés dans les recherches antérieures, les détaillants alimentaires et les circuits de commercialisation qui y sont empruntés (courts et longs) sont peu étudiés. Dans cette étude, nous nous intéressons aux produits locaux-régionaux (PLR), étant donné qu'ils font l'objet de moins d'initiatives promotionnelles par rapport aux produits locaux-provinciaux. La recherche vise à (1) examiner en profondeur les enjeux logistiques et techniques associés à la commercialisation de PLR chez les détaillants alimentaires opérant dans le cadre de circuits longs et courts et à (2) explorer leurs stratégies de commercialisation innovantes pour ces produits. Pour ce faire, des données ont été collectées par le biais d'entrevues semi-dirigées conduites auprès de seize responsables de l'approvisionnement des PLR chez les détaillants alimentaires et de deux intervenants œuvrant pour des organismes visant à promouvoir l'industrie agroalimentaire du Québec. Neuf activités d'observations structurées ont été également menées chez des détaillants québécois. Les résultats indiquent que les enjeux les plus critiques sont la gestion complexe des fournisseurs locaux-régionaux, les volumes limités des PLR, l'identification insuffisante, déficiente et incohérente des PLR ainsi que la perception et la sensibilité des prix par les consommateurs. Pour pallier ces enjeux, différentes stratégies sont identifiées : réserver un espace de stockage pour les PLR, créer des répertoires de fournisseurs locaux-régionaux par région, consolider l'offre alimentaire par région, créer un système de commande centralisé et proposer des offres promotionnelles, des rabais et des avantages relatifs à un programme de fidélité pour les PLR. / As local products gain popularity in Quebec, and food retailers increasingly engage in the activity of supplying them, a range of challenges complicates their broader commercialization in these stores. While challenges related to the food commercialization of local products through short food supply chains have been documented in previous research, less attention has been given to food retailers and the conventional and direct to retail food supply chains they employ. This study focuses on local-regional products (LRP), which receive fewer promotional initiatives compared to local-provincial products. The research aims to (1) deeply examine the logistical and technical challenges associated with the commercialization of LRP among food retailers operating within conventional and direct to retail food supply chains and (2) explore their innovative commercialization strategies for these products. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with sixteen procurement managers responsible for LRPs in food retail and two stakeholders working to promote Quebec's agri-food industry. Additionally, nine structured observational activities were conducted with Quebec retailers. Results indicate that the most critical challenges include the complex management of local-regional suppliers, limited LRP volumes, inadequate and inconsistent identification of LRPs, and consumer perceptions and sensitivity to prices. To address these challenges, various strategies are identified, including allocating storage space for LRPs, creating directories of local-regional suppliers by region, consolidating food offerings by region, establishing a centralized ordering system, and offering promotional deals, discounts, and loyalty program benefits for LRPs.