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Life after social death : A study of creolisation among enslaved communities in the former Danish West Indies / Livet efter social död : En studie om kreolisering bland förslavadesamhällen i det forna danska VästindienRosén-Wiksten, Kajsa January 2023 (has links)
This thesis examines and discusses how creolisation theory has influenced the material culture of enslaved people from former Danish West Indies plantations. The essay contends that creolisation is the theory required to advance slavery studies because it demonstrates how enslaved people created their own identity, belonging, and kept African cultures and customs alive despite being socially dead. This was accomplished through an examination of the amount of material discovered at archaeological investigations on former Danish plantations within slave contexts. Through the presentation and analysis of "Afro-Cruzan" ceramics, beads, shells, and pipe fragments, the thesis discusses and argues how the abundance of various objects from enslaved communities is evidence of long-term preservation of cultures, cultural identity, and expression. Furthermore, the usefulness of creolisation theory is emphasised because it is argued to have been developed with a post-processual perspective, avoiding the normative theorisation that has based slavery studies on a perspective in which the enslaved were only marginalised. Finally, the discussion emphasises the importance of remaining critical of how theories and theoretical frameworks have been applied in archaeological studies on slavery, as well as the need to broaden perspectives and include other Scandinavian countries, such as Sweden. / Den här uppsatsen analyserar och diskuterar hur materiell kultur från förslavade människor från plantage tidigare tillhörande danska Västindien är bevis för kreolisering. Uppsatsen argumenterar för hur kreolisering är den teori som krävs för att fortskrida inom studier gällande slaveri då det belyser hur förslavade individer lyckades skapade en egen identitet, samhörighet samt bibehöll sina kulturer och seder levande trots att de ansågs vara socialt döda. Detta görs genom att analysera kvantiteten av påträffat material under arkeologiska undersökningar inom slavkontexter på före detta plantage på de danska kolonierna. Uppsatsen presenterar och analyserar material i form av så kallat ”Afro-Cruzan” keramik, pärlor, snäckskal och pipfragment som används för att diskutera och argumentera för hur den höga kvantiteten av diverse föremål från slavsamhällen är bevis på ett långsiktigt bevarande av kulturer och kulturella identitet och uttryck samt de förslavades bibehållna agens. Vidare belyses även hur kreoliseringsteorin är mer applicerbar med hänsyn till att teorin tycks att ha skapats ur ett post-processuellt perspektiv då det undviker den normativa mentaliteten och teoretisering att slaveristudier grundas i ett perspektiv där de förslavade var endast varor inom ett socio-ekonomiskt samhälle.Diskussionen leder slutligen till hur det är väsentligt att bibehålla ett kritiskt öga om hur teorier och teoretiska ramverk har använts inom arkeologiska studier om slaveri samt hur det är nödvändigt att vidga perspektiven och inkludera andra skandinaviska länder, så som Sverige.
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Enhancing cybersecurity awareness through educational games : design of an adaptive visual novel gameBouzegza, Firdaous 04 1900 (has links)
Dans un monde qui est en numérisation constante, la dépendance aux outils technologiques est devenue inévitable. La pandémie de COVID-19 a encore accéléré la tendance vers le travail et l'éducation à distance, entraînant une augmentation de l'activité en ligne et de l'échange de données. Cependant, malgré cette augmentation de l'activité en ligne, le niveau de sensibilisation à la cybersécurité chez un nombre important d'utilisateurs reste insuffisant. De nombreux utilisateurs manquent d'une éducation appropriée en matière de cybersécurité et de confidentialité en ligne et démontrent une compréhension insuffisante de la sensibilité de leurs données. Nous avons mené une enquête auprès de plus de 300 utilisateurs qui a confirmé que le besoin de contenu de meilleure qualité était évident. Les jeux éducatifs ont démontré leur efficacité en tant qu'outils d'enseignement et d'apprentissage, en particulier pour vulgariser des sujets qui nécessitent généralement une connaissance approfondie pour être maîtrisés. Cependant, des défis sont associés quant à la qualité et à l'évaluation des jeux sérieux, car plusieurs aspects de l’amusement sont subjectifs et intangibles.
Motivée par le besoin de jeux éducatifs "de haute qualité" améliorés, cette thèse construit une échelle pour affiner les critères mentionnés par l'évaluation des jeux sérieux de Caserman et l'applique à 45 jeux de cybersécurité. L'évaluation a révélé une insuffisance dans les critères de l’amusement, en particulier le manque d'adaptation dynamique. En conséquence, cette étude propose le cadre de jeu de cybersécurité EVNAG (Educational Visual Novel Adaptive Game), qui s'articule autour de l'adaptation dynamique de la difficulté comme solution à ce problème. Inspiré par cette architecture, le roman visuel de cybersécurité "Grown-Up Blues" a été implémenté.
La thèse contribue au corpus croissant de recherches sur les jeux éducatifs en cybersécurité et fournit des idées pour concevoir des jeux éducatifs efficaces qui améliorent l'éducation en matière de cybersécurité. / In a world that continues to be increasingly digitalized, the dependency on technological tools has become unavoidable. The COVID-19 pandemic has further accelerated the trend towards remote work and education, leading to an increase in online activity and data exchange. However, despite this surge in online activity, the level of cybersecurity awareness among a significant number of users remains inadequate. Many users lack proper education on cybersecurity and online privacy and demonstrate a lack of understanding of the sensitivity of their data. A survey we conducted on more than 300 users confirmed that the need for more quality content was blatant. Educational games have demonstrated their effectiveness as teaching and learning tools, particularly in vulgarizing topics generally requiring in-depth knowledge to master. However, challenges are associated with the quality and assessment of serious games, as multiple aspects of game enjoyment are subjective and intangible.
Motivated by the need for improved “high quality” educational games, this thesis builds a scale to refine the criteria mentioned by Caserman’s assessment of serious games and applies that to 45 cybersecurity games. The assessment indicated a deficiency in the enjoyment criteria, specifically the lack of dynamic adaptation.
As a result, this study proposes the EVNAG (Educational Visual Novel Adaptive Game) cybersecurity game framework, which centers on Dynamic Difficulty Adaptation as a solution to this issue. Inspired by this architecture, the cybersecurity visual novel “Grown-Up Blues” was implemented.
The thesis contributes to the growing body of research on educational games in cybersecurity and provides insights for designing effective educational games that enhance cybersecurity education.
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ISSUES REGARDING COMPLEX COMMUNITY-BASED CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH INTERVENTIONSAngeles, Ricardo N. 04 1900 (has links)
<p>The thesis presents three papers discussing some of the methodological issues regarding studies investigating complex community-based cardiovascular health interventions. All three studies involved the Cardiovascular Health Awareness Program (CHAP), a standardised blood pressure and risk factor assessment and educational sessions held in pharmacies or other locally accessible areas in small to mid-sized communities in Ontario, Canada.</p> <p>The first paper reviews the literature and proposes a guide on how to develop a theoretical framework for complex community-based interventions using CHAP as an example. The paper describes a stepwise process of developing a theoretical framework including challenges encountered and strategies employed to overcome them.</p> <p>The second paper presents how recently published randomized controlled trials evaluating complex community-based cardiovascular health interventions monitored and reported implementation fidelity based on a structured review of the published articles and a survey of their primary authors. The results showed that fidelity reporting of included studies was better than those described in previous reviews. Fidelity was verified through self-reports by implementers and supervision by researchers. Strategies described to standardize intervention delivery were through training of implementers and use of implementation guides. The authors’ survey results were consistent with the review results though there were some gaps which could be improved to strengthen fidelity reporting.</p> <p>A data analysis issue with studies investigating complex community-based interventions is that outcomes can be affected by factors from multiple levels. The third paper explores the association of individual, partnership, and community-related factors with CHAP participants’ use of health-related community resources and cardiovascular risk behaviours. This was a cross-sectional analysis of an on-going cohort study. The results showed that individual factors (age and self-efficacy) had the most consistent association with the outcomes. Community and partnership level variables showed less consistent association with the outcome. Methodological and analytical challenges were presented.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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The politics of memory: the role of the children of Holocaust survivorsLurie, Liane Natalie 01 1900 (has links)
The Holocaust represented humanities first confrontation with unparalleled destruction and evil unchecked. It continues to impact upon the lives of survivors, their children- the second generation- and generations thereafter. The study aimed to provide the second generation with a voice. Their roles within their respective family systems and the impact of the Holocaust upon them are explored.
The theoretical framework is social constructionism. One-on-one in-depth interviews were conducted with three adults whose parent/s are survivors. The manner of analysis was `Hermeneutic.'
The participants' narratives took the form of interview transcripts. These were analysed and themed by the researcher. Themes that repeated themselves were elaborated upon and later linked with the available literature.
The researcher hopes that the dissertation will contribute to existing research on the multigenerational effects of trauma in relation to familial and individual roles and memory. / Psychology / M. A. (Clinical Psychology)
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Guider la pratique et la formation éthique des professionnels de la santé : établir les fondements du modèle de la déontologie réflexive (MDR)Potvin, Marie-Josée 03 1900 (has links)
Si l’approche par compétences au Canada et aux États-Unis est particulièrement
valorisée pour orienter la pratique des professionnels de la santé (PDS) – et en bioéthique
clinique –, les travaux permettant de mieux comprendre les fondements psychologiques,
ontologiques et philosophiques de ces compétences sont peu présents dans la littérature en
bioéthique. Les principaux outils actuellement disponibles se divisent généralement en quatre
principales catégories : 1) les documents officiels (codes de déontologie, règlements
institutionnels, etc.); 2) les principales théories éthiques (éthique de la discussion, éthique de la
vertu, principisme, etc.); 3) les ouvrages de référence scientifiques; 4) les outils de prise de
décision éthique. Ces documents sont des incontournables pour les bioéthiciens et les PDS,
mais leur disparité, voire leur contenu parfois contradictoire, jumelée à une compréhension
limitée de l’éthique, est souvent source de confusion dans les processus décisionnels et peut
être la cause de comportements ne répondant pas aux standards éthiques des pratiques
professionnelles.
Notre recherche constitue une réflexion qui s’inscrit en amont de ces outils dont le
caractère pragmatique a le désavantage de simplifier la réflexion théorique au profit de
données plus concrètes. Nos travaux visent à développer les bases d’un modèle flexible et
inclusif – le modèle de la déontologie réflexive (MDR) – permettant de : 1) poser les
principaux repères philosophiques, sociaux et déontologiques des problématiques éthiques
rencontrées en pratique; 2) saisir les principales tensions éthiques inhérentes à cette
complexité; 3) mieux comprendre, dans une perspective psychologique et développementale,
les exigences personnelles et professionnelles qu’impose le statut de professionnel de la santé
dans le contexte actuel des soins de santé.
Entreprise théorique, ce projet consiste principalement à mettre en relation dynamique
un ensemble de dimensions (légale, éthique, clinique, sociale, psychologique) à l’oeuvre dans
la rencontre du bioéthicien et du PDS avec la complexité des situations éthiques, en s’inspirant
du concept de sensibilité éthique de la « petite éthique » de Paul Ricoeur (1990), du modèle des
quatre composantes de Rest (1994) et de la théorie du soi et des modes identitaires
d’Augusto Blasi (1993). Ce processus implique trois étapes successives : 1) une mise en
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perspective de la posture épistémologique particulière du bioéthicien et du PDS à la lumière de
la « petite éthique » de Ricoeur; 2) une revue de la littérature interdisciplinaire sur le concept
de sensibilité éthique afin d’en proposer une définition et de le mettre en perspective avec
d’autres compétences éthiques; 3) le développement d’un cadre de référence en matière
d’identité éthique professionnelle (professional ethics identity tendencies, PEIT), inspiré de la
théorie du soi et des modes identitaires de Blasi. Ces PEIT proposent un repère normatif aux
exigences liées à la construction de l'identité en contexte de pratique des PDS et suggèrent des
pistes de réflexion quant à la formation et à la recherche en éthique professionnelle. Cette
recherche souhaite établir des fondements théoriques pour le développement ultérieur du
modèle de la déontologie réflexive (MDR). / If the competency approach seems to be particularly valorised in Canada and in the
United States for orienting the practice of health care professionals (HCP) – and in clinical
bioethics – material that could provide with a better understanding of the psychological,
ontological and philosophical foundations of these competencies seems rather limited in the
bioethical literature. The tools that are generally available can be divided into four main
categories: 1) official documents (e.g., code of ethics, institutional policies); 2) the main
ethical theories (e.g., virtue ethics, theories of justice, principlism); 3) scientific references
(e.g., journals, books); 4) decision-making tools. These documents are important for
bioethicists and HCPs, but their disparities and even contradictions, coupled with poor
knowledge in professional ethics, may be a significant source of confusion in the decision
making process and even lead to behaviour that does not meet the ethical standards of HCP.
This thesis is an upstream reflection regarding these tools, whose pragmatic character
has the disadvantage of simplifying theoretical reflection at the benefit of more concrete
evidence useful for practical decision making. This project aims at developing the foundations
for a flexible and inclusive model – a model of deontological reflexivity (MDR) – that will: 1)
present the main philosophical, psychological, sociological and deontological landmarks
characterising ethical issues encountered in practice; 2) understand, from a psychological and
developmental perspective, the personal and professional requirements inherent to the status of
the health care professional in the current context of health care.
A theoretical enterprise, this project primarily consists in relating, in a dynamic
manner, a variety of dimensions (legal, ethical, clinical, psychological) at work in complex
ethical situations encountered by HCPs and bioethicists, inspired by the concept of ethical
sensitivity, the “petite éthique” of Paul Ricoeur (1990), the self theory along with Blasi's
Identity modes (Blasi, 1993). The analysis process will consist in three successive phases: 1) a
putting into perspective of the bioethicist's and HCPs’ epistemological posture in light of the
“petite éthique” of Paul Ricoeur (1990); 2) an interdisciplinary literature review of “ethical
sensitivity” in order to propose a definition of the concept and place it into perspective with
other ethical competencies; 3) the development of a framework regarding professional ethics
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and identity (professional ethics identity tendencies, PEIT), inspired both by the self theory
and Blasi's Identity modes. These PEITs provide a normative benchmark related to the
construction of identity in the health care context and suggest some innovative avenues for
professional ethics research and education. This research wish to elaborate the theoretical
foundations that will be utilised further in the future to develop the model of deontological
reflexivity (MDR).
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A Longitudinal Examination of How Hospital Provision of Home Health Services Changed after the Implementation of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997: Does Ownership Matter?Chou, Tiang-Hong 01 January 2009 (has links)
By using a natural experiment approach and longitudinal national hospital data, this study sheds light on the objective functions of hospitals with different ownership forms by comparing their relative reductions in HH provision after the implementation of the BBA. The empirical findings reveal that for-profit hospitals behave differently as compared to public and private nonprofit hospitals, due to their different operational objectives. While the response of for-profit hospitals is consistent with the profit-maximizer model, both public and private nonprofit ownership types behave consistently in accordance with the model of two-good producers whose objective is to maximize market outputs for meeting the health care needs of the community, given the break-even requirement. This finding provides support for the tax exemption the United States government has granted private nonprofit hospitals. Although the response patterns of the nonprofit ownership types are in general similar, this study found that, contrary to expectation, religious hospitals were more likely than secular nonprofit hospitals to have reduced HH provision after the BBA. Further studies are needed to explore the difference in operational behaviors between these two ownership types. Built on previous related studies and applying a more comprehensive set of independent and control variables with improved data sources, this study is able to examine the effects of certain organizational and market factors on hospital offering of HH care pre-BBA and the change in the provision of HH care in the six years following the implementation of the BBA. Hospital proportion of Medicare patients, hospital size, total profit margin, case mix index, elderly density in the market are found to be positive determinants of a hospital’s likelihood of offering HH care. However, these organizational and market factors, in general, play a non-significant role in influencing hospitals’ changes in HH care provision after the implementation of the BBA. In the study, explanations and implications of these finding are discussed. Finally, potential limitations to this study and opportunities for future research are addressed.
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Transformative Community Art: Re-visioning the Field of PracticeMcLeod, Catherine Anne 29 November 2011 (has links)
Community art is a multidisciplinary practice that was engendered by two main perspectives on art; a functionalist approach and an ‘art as essential to humanity’ approach. These differing ideological positions led to the construction of polarizing dichotomies that divided the field of practice and stagnated the community art discourse. This thesis re-visions community art as transformative community art (T.C.A.) to integrate a diverse range of practice into a distinct, recognizable field, transcend the binaries inherited from its founding fields, and identify the field as an innovative artistic movement and radical practice for social change. In this thesis T.C.A. is employed as a framework for theorizing practice. Threats to T.C.A. from funding structures, cooptation, and institutionalisation are explored and strategies of resistance identified. The concept of T.C.A. is mobilized to identify areas for future work; raising questions and ideas that can contribute to advancing a more complex, nuanced, and productive discourse.
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Transformative Community Art: Re-visioning the Field of PracticeMcLeod, Catherine Anne 29 November 2011 (has links)
Community art is a multidisciplinary practice that was engendered by two main perspectives on art; a functionalist approach and an ‘art as essential to humanity’ approach. These differing ideological positions led to the construction of polarizing dichotomies that divided the field of practice and stagnated the community art discourse. This thesis re-visions community art as transformative community art (T.C.A.) to integrate a diverse range of practice into a distinct, recognizable field, transcend the binaries inherited from its founding fields, and identify the field as an innovative artistic movement and radical practice for social change. In this thesis T.C.A. is employed as a framework for theorizing practice. Threats to T.C.A. from funding structures, cooptation, and institutionalisation are explored and strategies of resistance identified. The concept of T.C.A. is mobilized to identify areas for future work; raising questions and ideas that can contribute to advancing a more complex, nuanced, and productive discourse.
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The politics of memory: the role of the children of Holocaust survivorsLurie, Liane Natalie 01 1900 (has links)
The Holocaust represented humanities first confrontation with unparalleled destruction and evil unchecked. It continues to impact upon the lives of survivors, their children- the second generation- and generations thereafter. The study aimed to provide the second generation with a voice. Their roles within their respective family systems and the impact of the Holocaust upon them are explored.
The theoretical framework is social constructionism. One-on-one in-depth interviews were conducted with three adults whose parent/s are survivors. The manner of analysis was `Hermeneutic.'
The participants' narratives took the form of interview transcripts. These were analysed and themed by the researcher. Themes that repeated themselves were elaborated upon and later linked with the available literature.
The researcher hopes that the dissertation will contribute to existing research on the multigenerational effects of trauma in relation to familial and individual roles and memory. / Psychology / M. A. (Clinical Psychology)
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The role of instructional leadership in ensuring quality assessment practices in primary schools in the Free State ProvinceTshabalala, Lucky Hendrick 06 1900 (has links)
The role of the principal can no longer be viewed as merely being a manager and administrator but rather as learning-expert and lifelong learner. Principals are expected to establish appropriate preconditions for effective teaching, learning and assessment, and flow through with interactions aimed at improving teaching and leaning.
The problem statement for this study was based on the researcher’s opinion that the lack of knowledge of effective assessment practices by principals as instructional leaders seemed to have a negative influence on teacher’s perceptions of the implementation of quality assessment practices in their respective classrooms. The reason for this challenge is because principals are not involved in the classroom assessment practices, to revise, support and manage the quality of assessment by indentifying teacher’s assessment to them.
The purpose of this study was to design a proposed instructional leadership model/ framework to ensure effective and quality assessment practices at school level. This ILQA framework/model was designed from the literature review, findings and personal experience as a principal. The aim of this ILQA framework/model was to support principals understand their roles in the teaching and learning environment in ensuring quality assessment practices at school level.
This study investigates how principals execute their roles as instructional leaders in ensuring effective and the implementation of quality assessment practices using structured questionnaire from a sample of 250 respondents and semi structured interviews with five primary school principals in the Free State Department of Basic Education. It was found that to ensure quality assessment practices, principals should understand their role in assessment for learning, assessment of learning and assessment as learning and integrate them into classroom instruction as an important component of quality teaching and learning. In summary the researcher further hopes that when the findings and the recommendations of this study are implemented, it will add value to the school principals’ instructional leadership roles in ensuring quality assessment practices at school level. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)
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