Miljonprogramsområden karaktäriseras i många fall av en enformig bebyggelse, storabostadsgårdar, trafikseparering och mycket grönska. Dessa områden är i behov avupprustning, både invändigt men även i den offentliga miljön. Idag råder ett stadsmässigtideal inom stadsplanering. Det innebär att man vill eftersträva innerstadens kvaliteter ochstruktur med tät bebyggelse, levande bottenvåningar och urbana stråk. Ett argument fördetta är att det är hållbart, och därmed även socialt hållbart. Social hållbarhet är ett begrepp som saknar en entydig definition och måste därför anpassastill varje enskild situation. Inom stadsplanering är det därför svårt att hitta en modell försocialt hållbar stadsutveckling som går att applicera på stadens alla delar. En faktor i socialhållbar stadsutveckling är en trivsam utemiljö. Syftet med studien är att undersökamiljonprogrammets utemiljöer utifrån ett socialt hållbart perspektiv, både på lokal och på enstorskalig nivå. Arbetet undersöker även huruvida en stadsmässighet är lämpligt attapplicera på storskaliga miljonprogramsområden eller inte. Genom att göra en litteraturstudie om social hållbarhet och offentliga rum definieras ensocialt hållbar utemiljö. Vidare görs en fallstudie på Husbys utemiljöer, där analysen baseraspå ovan nämnda teori för att ta reda på vilken roll fysisk utformning har inom socialhållbarhet. Vidare diskuteras potentiella konsekvenser av Stockholms stads fokus på attskapa en stadsmässighet i Husby. Analysen visar att en socialt hållbar utemiljö möjliggör för en tillgänglig miljö, trygg miljöoch en miljö som skapar förutsättningar för utförande av aktiviteter. Detta betyder attstadsplanering kan med hjälp av sina verktyg skapa förutsättningar för att en miljö skakunna bli socialt hållbar, men huruvida den är social hållbar är upp till fler samhällsorgan änenbart stadsplanerare. Socialt hållbar stadsutveckling ur ett större perspektiv ställer ävenkrav på goda samband mellan stadens olika delar för ökad integration och gemenskap.Analysen pekar även på att stadsmässighet troligtvis inte är det enda sättet att skapa ensocialt hållbar stad. Istället kan en anpassning till varje områdes unika förutsättningar varamer lämpligt, där området kan kompletteras med kvaliteter som skulle förbättraboendemiljön för områdets invånare. Arbetets slutsats kan vara användbart för attproblematisera hur miljonprogramsområden ska hanteras i framtidens stadsutveckling. / The Million House Programme areas are characterized in many cases by a uniformsettlement, large housing estates, traffic separation and lots of greenery. These areas are inneed of renovations, both internally but also in the public environment. Today, an urbanideal prevails in urban planning. This means that one wants to strive for the qualities andstructure of the inner city with dense buildings, living ground floors and urban streets. Oneargument for this is that it is sustainable, and thus also socially sustainable. Social sustainability is a concept that lacks a clear definition and therefore must be adaptedto each individual situation. In urban planning, it is therefore difficult to find a model forsocially sustainable urban development that can be applied to all parts of a city. A factor insocially sustainable urban development is a congenial outdoor environment. The purpose ofthe study is to investigate the Million Homes Programme's outdoor environments from asocially sustainable perspective, both on a local and on a large-scale level. The work alsoexamines whether an urban approach is suitable to apply to large-scale Million HomesProgramme areas or not. By conducting a literature study on social sustainability and public spaces, a sociallysustainable outdoor environment is defined. Furthermore, a case study is made of Husby'soutdoor environments, where the analysis is based on the theory mentioned above to findout what role physical design of public spaces plays in social sustainability. Additionally, adiscussion is held about potential consequences of the City of Stockholm's focus on creatingan urban environment in Husby. The analysis shows that a socially sustainable outdoor environment is accessible, safe and anenvironment that enables the execution of activities. This means that urban planning can beused as a tool to create conditions for an environment to be socially sustainable, but it alsodemands that other sectors in the society are engaged in the work in order for it to besuccessful. Socially sustainable urban development from a larger perspective also requiresinterconnections between different parts of the city for increased integration andcommunity. The analysis also points out that urbanism is not the only way to create a sociallysustainable city. Instead, an adaptation to each area's unique conditions may be moreappropriate, where the area can be supplemented with qualities the area lacks and thatwould improve the living environment for the area's residents. The work's conclusion can beuseful for problematizing how Million Homes Programme areas should be handled in futureurban development.

No description available.

I denna uppsats undersöks den komplexa processen av återuppbyggnad i Sarajevo efterkriget i det forna Jugoslavien. Genom en kvalitativ fallstudie analyserar uppsatsen kritiskt deprioriteringar som gjorts i återuppbyggnaden, men även hur dess resultat påverkatvardagslivet i staden. Genom att använda intervjuer som primär metod, synliggörs röstersom inte vanligtvis blir hörda i den befintliga diskursen. Under kriget förstördes bådesymboliska kulturarv och vardagliga platser såsom marknader, bostäder och mötesplatser.Med stadens heterogenitet som måltavla, orsakade förstörelse av den byggda miljön iSarajevo stor materiell och emotionell förlust för invånarna. Återuppbyggnaden som följdedärefter präglades av betydande internationella investeringar, vilket har lett till en ekonomiskövergång till marknadsekonomi. Kritiker menar att internationella och nationella aktörer harprioriterat kortsiktiga ekonomiska vinster framför långsiktig social hållbarhet. Svaglagstiftning och brist på ramverk har medfört en urban fragmentering, där privata ochvinstdrivande aktörer dominerar återuppbyggnaden. Detta har i sin tur begränsatmedborgarinflytandet i återuppbyggnadsprocessen och social hållbarhet har hamnat iskymundan vilket gjort att många allmänna platser är exkluderande. Denna uppsats belyservikten av en holistisk och inkluderande planeringsprocess som tar hänsyn till både fysiska ochsociala aspekter. Vidare forskning kan göra djupare analyser av medborgarinflytandet iåteruppbyggnadsprocessen och jämföra med fallstudier i andra städer. Detta kan i sin turleda till utvecklingen av strategier för återuppbyggnad i samtida och framtida krigsdrabbadestäder. / This thesis investigates the complex process of reconstruction in Sarajevo following the warin the former Yugoslavia. Through a qualitative case study, the thesis critically analyzes thepriorities set during the reconstruction process and how its outcomes have affected everydaylife in the city. Interviews have helped amplify voices that are not usually heard in theexisting discourse. During the war, both symbolic cultural heritage and everyday places suchas markets, homes, and meeting spots were destroyed. Targeting the city's heterogeneity,the destruction of Sarajevo's built environment caused significant material and emotionalloss for its residents. The subsequent reconstruction was marked by substantial internationalinvestments, leading to an economic transition towards a market economy. Critics argue thatinternational and national actors have prioritized short-term economic gains over long-termsocial sustainability. Weak legislation and a lack of frameworks have resulted in urbanfragmentation, where private and profit-driven actors dominate the reconstruction. This, inturn, has limited citizen influence in the reconstruction process, pushing social sustainabilityto the background and making many public spaces exclusive to certain groups. This thesishighlights the importance of a holistic and inclusive planning process that considers bothphysical and social aspects. Further research could provide deeper analyses of citizeninfluence in the reconstruction process and compare with case studies in other cities. Thiscould, in turn, lead to the development of strategies for reconstruction in contemporary andfuture war-affected cities.

O conceito urbanidade é complexo, mas essencial para a abordagem do mundo urbano contemporâneo, associando-se aos espaços que estruturam a cidade funcional e socialmente. Com base num urbanismo racionalista, os modelos de expansão metropolitana aumentaram os limites da cidade tradicional, transformando a ideia de urbanidade. Este trabalho pretende se aproximar a uma definição para este termo e entender como processos de formação da metrópole de São Paulo influíram na criação e evolução dos seus espaços de interação cidadã mais significantes. Partindo disso, compreender a importância dessa expressão aparentemente ambígua para se pensar nos espaços de ação da vida pública nas nossas cidades do amanhã. / The concept of urbanity is complex, but essential for approaching contemporary urban world, being associated to spaces that structure the city\'s functionality and sociality. Based on a rationalist urbanism, models of metropolitan expansion increased the limits of the traditional city and transformed the idea of urbanity. This work aims to approximate a definition of this term, and understand how processes of formation of the metropolis of São Paulo aff ected the creation and evolution of the most significant public spaces of interaction. With this, to understand the importance of this apparently ambiguous expression, to think about the action places for public life in our cities of tomorrow.

O conceito urbanidade é complexo, mas essencial para a abordagem do mundo urbano contemporâneo, associando-se aos espaços que estruturam a cidade funcional e socialmente. Com base num urbanismo racionalista, os modelos de expansão metropolitana aumentaram os limites da cidade tradicional, transformando a ideia de urbanidade. Este trabalho pretende se aproximar a uma definição para este termo e entender como processos de formação da metrópole de São Paulo influíram na criação e evolução dos seus espaços de interação cidadã mais significantes. Partindo disso, compreender a importância dessa expressão aparentemente ambígua para se pensar nos espaços de ação da vida pública nas nossas cidades do amanhã. / The concept of urbanity is complex, but essential for approaching contemporary urban world, being associated to spaces that structure the city\'s functionality and sociality. Based on a rationalist urbanism, models of metropolitan expansion increased the limits of the traditional city and transformed the idea of urbanity. This work aims to approximate a definition of this term, and understand how processes of formation of the metropolis of São Paulo aff ected the creation and evolution of the most significant public spaces of interaction. With this, to understand the importance of this apparently ambiguous expression, to think about the action places for public life in our cities of tomorrow.

This dissertation studies the development of a regulation of prostitution in Stockholm during the period 1812-1880. The development of the regulation system is seen in the light of an analytical framework, developed from Carole Pateman's ideas on the sexual contract, and a feministic critique and elaboration of Jürgen Habermas's ideas on the public sphere. The regulation of prostitution was a common characteristic for many metropolises in Europe during the nineteenth century, where supposedly loose and lecherous women were medically and spatially controlled to impede the spread of venereal diseases. Stockholm, and Sweden as a whole, went from a non-gendered to a gendered control of venereal disease, which eventually developed into a spatial control of public women. This study argues that the practices of a regulation system was at first part of an attempt to import what was seen as part of modernisation. Rather than to prohibit extra-marital sexual relations, these were to be controlled and supervised. Eventually the system was adapted to local circumstances in Stockholm, and a control of women's sexuality in public became part of a metropolitan modernity. In the process of the professionalisation of groups such as the police and the physicians, public women were over time perceived as a group of professional prostitutes. The possibility to live off prostitution as a transitory stage in women's lives disappeared, and prostitution became a medically and spatially controlled trade.

Cette recherche porte sur les mécanismes d’ajustement des différentes urbanités en présence à Casablanca, principale métropole du Maroc, par le biais de l’étude de l’appropriation d’espaces publics par des pratiques déviantes. La question des rapports mutuels entre les citadins déviants et l’ensemble des acteurs de la ville (citadins ordinaires et acteurs institutionnels de l’aménagement), incarnée dans le processus d’aménagement urbain du centre-ville à partir de 2002, permet de mettre en évidence l’importance de la visibilité de la transgression des normes sociales. Ces projets contraignant les citadins déviants à réadapter leurs lieux de vie à l’injonction à une urbanité policée sont analysés au regard des limites des compétences des citadins en situation de vulnérabilité et interrogent l’aménagement dans sa capacité à intégrer toutes les composantes sociales de la ville. Dans une démarche de type ethnographique, explorer l’articulation du lien social à la morphologie urbaine permet de comprendre les transformations des valeurs à l’oeuvre dans des situations de déviance, révélatrices de changements affectant les formes familiales et l’ensemble de la société marocaine, pour les hommes et les femmes en quête d’individuation. / This research is a study of the adjustment of different urbanities present in Casablanca, Morocco’s main metropolis, where public spaces are appropriated by city-dwellers for their deviant practices. The issue of mutual relations among the city-dwellers and all the city stakeholders (ordinary city-dwellers and institutional players involved in planning) embodied in the urban planning process of the city center since 2002 highlights the importance of visibility of the transgression of social norms. The development projects, which force deviant city-dwellers to readjust their living places to a constraining civilized urbanity, are analyzed in terms of the limitations of the competencies of these city-dwellers, who are in a vulnerable situation. The projects also call into question urban planning in its ability to incorporate all the social components of the city. Using an ethnographic approach to explore the relationship of social ties with urban morphology helps to understand the transformations of values at play in situations of deviance, which reveal changes in family structure and the entire Moroccan society for men and women in search of individuation.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandaLP_DISSERT.pdf: 5416443 bytes, checksum: 179175cb44c462129a12d10bfc036342 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-07 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / This research aims to study dimensions of urban life in the contemporaneous city. It is an effort to understand the functioning of the contemporary city as an artifact that somehow affects social relations. The study focuses on the limits and possibilities of urbanity in the city today, understanding urbanity as a set of factors that favor wealth, diversity and spontaneity of public life. The research aims to show that cities today tend to criate fragmented urban life into at least one of the three urbanity dimensions: spatial dimension, social and temporal dimension. The study involves the analysis of two public spaces in Fortaleza (Pra?a do Ferreira and the open urban public spaces of the Centro Cultural Drag?o do Mar), using Space Syntax Analysis methods and for Post Occupancy Evaluation procedures. Research shows that temporal dimension of urbanity is limited in the public spaces studied. In Pra?a do Ferreira, spatial and social dimensions are present, but their effects are limited by the temporal dimension. The Drag?o do Mar, on the other hand, the spatial and social dimensions of urban life are more limited and more concentrated in time / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral estudar dimens?es da vida urbana na cidade atual. ? um esfor?o de compreens?o do funcionamento da cidade contempor?nea enquanto artefato que afeta de algum modo as rela??es sociais. O trabalho enfoca os limites e as possibilidades da urbanidade na cidade atual, entendendo-se urbanidade como um conjunto de fatores que favorecem a riqueza, a diversidade e a espontaneidade da vida p?blica. A pesquisa procura mostrar que as cidades atuais tendem a conformar uma vida urbana fragmentada em pelo menos uma das tr?s dimens?es da urbanidade: a dimens?o espacial, a dimens?o social e dimens?o temporal. Para tanto o trabalho envolve a an?lise de dois espa?os p?blicos da cidade de Fortaleza (a Pra?a do Ferreira e os espa?os abertos do Centro Cultural Drag?o do Mar), a partir da aplica??o de m?todos de An?lise Sint?tica do Espa?o e de procedimentos de Avalia??o P?s-ocupa??o. A pesquisa mostra que a dimens?o temporal da urbanidade ? limitada nos dois espa?os p?blicos estudados. No caso da Pra?a do Ferreira as dimens?es espacial e social est?o presentes, mas tem seu efeito limitado pela dimens?o temporal. No Drag?o do Mar, por outro lado, as dimens?es espacial e social da urbanidade s?o mais limitadas e mais concentradas em termos temporais

[pt] As obras de Piet Mondrian e Richard Serra possuem profunda relação com a metrópole. Seus trabalhos abrangeram distintas temporalidades urbanas no decorrer do século XX, e foram permeados direta e indiretamente pela música e pela dança, artes temporais igualmente circunscritas ao fenômeno urbano. Mondrian identifica no ambiente moderno, dinâmico e veloz, da Paris da primeira metade do século XX, as premissas de sua teoria oplástica do equilíbrio universal. Procurava realizar sua teoria em outras artes além da pintura, de modo que ao integrar-se à vida, a arte desapareceria. Sua chegada a América coincide com a transferência do centro artístico mundial de Paris para Nova York. No rico embate entre Europa e América, percebemos as diferenças entre a monumental escala do Novo Continente e a permanente atividade de seu povo, em contraposição às dimensões tímidas e o temperamento contemplativo do homem do Velho Continente. Hoje, a mecanização das metrópoles já não é mais polêmica ou fascinante, mas responsável pela monótona e repetitiva vida urbana da qual partiu a obra dos Pós-Minimalistas, entre os quais, Richard Serra. O caráter utópico da intura de Mondrian, cuja virtualidade se queria transformadora da realidade, visando a sociedade madura exemplificada pela América, está ausente na arte do pós- guerra. Os planos inseridos por Serra no tecido urbano não querem su-cumbir ao colapso do grid cubista, buscam o embate literal entre o habitante da metrópole e as coisas que o cercam, num mundo já muito pouco palpável. / [en] The works of Piet Mondrian and Richard Serra are profoundly related to the metropolis. Their works embrace different urban temporalities elapsed in the twentieth century. They were directly and indirectly influenced by music and dance, temporal arts equally confined to the urban phenomenon. Mondrian identifies the universal balance premises of his neoplastic theory in the modern, dynamic and fast Parisian environment of the first half of the twentieth century. He tries to accomplish his theory in other arts besides painting, so that by integrating art in life, the former would disappear. His arrival in America coincides with the artistic world center move from Paris to New York. In the cultural clash between Europe and America, one realizes the differences between the New World`s monumental scale and its dynamic people, against the shy dimensions and contemplative nature of the men in the Old Continent. The metropolis` mechanization is no longer polemic or fascinating, but responsible for the monotonous and repetitive urban life, from which the Post-Minimalists emerged, among them Serra. The utopian character of Mondrian`s painting, whose virtuality intended to transform reality, like America`s ripe society example, is absent in post-war art. The planes inserted by Serra in the urban fabric don`t intend to succumb to the cubist grid`s collapse. They seek the literal clash between the metropolis citizen and what surrounds him, in a very little tangible world.

La densité se retrouve au cœur des préoccupations des acteurs de la ville. Outil technique mesurant la concentration de logements ou de populations sur un espace, elle se voit aujourd’hui le réceptacle symbolique d’un urbanisme plus durable. Du côté des habitants, associée dans les imaginaires collectifs aux quartiers en difficultés, souvent excentrés, et aux grands ensembles, la densité n’a pas bonne presse. Elle semble responsable d’un blocage cognitif quant à son appropriation sociale, faisant largement figure de rejet. La densité produit ainsi des perceptions architecturales, urbaines et sociales renvoyant à des systèmes symboliques qui lui sont propres.La densité peut être alors interrogée sociologiquement comme un ensemble de représentations sociales qui permet la matérialisation de projets d’habitat, qui guide l’action publique et les politiques urbaines, et qui influence les stratégies résidentielles des habitants. Souvent décrite comme la cristallisation d’une incompréhension entre des acteurs-concepteurs et des habitants-récepteurs d’un habitat plus durable et dorénavant plus dense, la thèse développe une réflexion plus transversale sur la densité, carrefour de l’architecture, de l’urbanisme et de la sociologie urbaine. Comment les acteurs de la fabrication de la ville s’approprient-ils les valeurs renouvelées de la densité dans une actualité où la recherche de nouveaux modèles urbains pour la métropolisation est centrale ? Comment les habitants s’approprient-ils les mutations urbaines et architecturales de l’offre résidentielle des métropoles, aux regards de leurs aspirations résidentielles, mais aussi de leurs lectures sociales des espaces et des formes ?La densité est aussi une dynamique de production de la ville. La densification génère des processus de recompositions sociales et urbaines qui révèlent l’originalité de l’évolution des territoires de faubourgs métropolitains, phénomène sociologique et urbain hybride, ni périurbanisation, ni gentrification ni relégation dans leurs définitions strictes. Les enjeux de gouvernance métropolitaine, les stratégies résidentielles et les formes d’appropriation de la densification par les habitants s’y écrivent de manière singulière, révélant un phénomène qu’il est possible d’appeler la faubourisation. / The density finds itself in the very heart of the concerns of city-actors. It is a technical tool measuring the concentration of housing or populations in a given space. Today, the density sees itself as the symbolic receptacle of a more long-lasting town planning. The density has no good press with the inhabitants, being associated in the collective imagination with deprived neighbourhoods and large housing complexes, which are often off-centered. Density seems indeed responsible for a mental blocking because of its social appropriation, widely looking like rejection. The density seems to produce architectural, urban and social perceptions reminding us of symbolic systems of their own.The density can then be sociologically questioned as a set of social representations which allows the realisation of housing projects. It guides public actions and urban policies and influences the residential choices of the inhabitants. Often described as the crystallization of incomprehension between designers-experts and inhabitants-receivers of a more sustainable housing project-and from now on denser- the thesis develops a more transversal thinking on the density : the crossroads of the architecture as well as town planning and urban sociology. How can the « city-makers » adapt to the values renewed by the density in a time when the search for new urban models for the metropolisation is central? How can the inhabitants adapt to the urban and architectural mutations of the metropolises in view of their residential aspirations but also of their social interpretations of spaces and forms?The density is also a dynamics of the city's production. The densification generates processes of social and urban reorganizations. The latter reveal the originality of the evolution of the territories in metropolitan inner suburbs, sociological and urban phenomenon crosses. This is neither périurbanisation, nor gentrification nor banishment in their strict definitions. The metropolitan governance challenges, the residential strategies and the forms of appropriation of the densification by the inhabitants are reflected in a singular way, revealing a phenomenon which it is possible to call the « inner suburbanisation ».