The thesis investigated the effect of exercise on endothelial function (measured as flow-mediated dilation (FMD)) and triacylglycerol concentrations following the ingestion of a high-fat breakfast and lunch in adolescent boys. The validity of measuring lipid and lipoprotein concentrations from a capillary blood sample, and the reproducibility of the postprandial FMD and triacylglycerol concentration responses to the high-fat meals, was established. The effects of prior continuous moderate-intensity exercise (60 min walking at 60% V̇O₂peak), repeated very short duration sprints (40 x 6 s maximal effort cycle sprints) and accumulated moderate-intensity exercise (6 x 10 min running at 70% V̇O₂peak) on endothelial function and triacylglycerol concentrations in adolescent boys were then established across three studies, each consisting of two, 2-day main trials (control and exercise). On day 1, participants were either inactive or completed the prescribed exercise. On day 2, FMD and triacylglycerol concentrations were measured prior to, and following, ingestion of a high-fat breakfast and lunch. In each control trial FMD was reduced (signifying endothelial dysfunction), compared to fasting, by 20-32% and 24-33% following the high-fat breakfast and lunch. Following continuous moderate-intensity exercise, repeated very-short duration sprints and accumulated moderate-intensity exercise these reductions were only 8% and 10% (main effect trial, P = 0.002; main effect time, P = 0.023; interaction effect trial x time, P = 0.088), 2% and 5% (main effect trial, P = 0.012; main effect time, P = 0.004; interaction effect trial x time, P = 0.003) and 1% and 3% (main effect trial, P = 0.020; main effect time, P < 0.001; interaction effect trial x time, P = 0.014) respectively. The continuous moderate-intensity exercise and repeated very short duration sprints also significantly reduced the total area under the triacylglycerol concentration versus time curve by 22% (Control vs. Exercise; 12.68 (sem 1.37) vs. 9.84 (sem 0.75) mmol L-1 6.5h, P = 0.018) and 13% (Exercise vs. Control: 8.65 (sem 0.97) vs. 9.92 (sem 1.16) mmol L-1 6.5h, P = 0.023). The accumulated moderate-intensity exercise also reduced the total area under the triacylglycerol concentration versus time curve by 11%, but this reduction was not significant (Control vs. Exercise: 10.71 (sem 0.94) vs. 9.56 (sem 0.67) mmol L-1 6.5h, respectively, P = 0.183). The experimental evidence from these studies emphasise that exercise might offer an acceptable, non-pharmacological means of influencing CHD risk when individuals are young. The results of these studies can help shape future physical activity guidelines.

Contemporary young people would appear to have access to more information than their predecessors in relation to keeping safe by avoiding or reducing risks. However concerns about young people’s perceived increasing risky behaviours have contributed to a growing focus on understanding young people and risk of harm across private and public spheres. This study examines the views, experiences and behaviours of young people and adults in relation to risk of harm to young people and the role of social capital in reducing perceived risk. Using qualitative data with young people and adults in a Scottish community this study develops an understanding of perceptions of the main risks of harm to young people and whether social capital helps to reduce these risks. Social constructions of ‘appropriate’ behaviours for young people to engage in and subsequent constraints imposed by adult-led structures and safety concerns, formed a significant focus of youth theorising in this area. To a certain extent, the findings from this study challenge the conventional construction of young people as risky individuals, by identifying young people’s negotiation and avoidance strategies for keeping safe. However, young people’s experiences and behaviours in public and private spaces remain significantly structured by age and gender. Young people and adults perceive risks associated with alcohol and public spaces to be high and prominent. The continuing notion of risk appears to be evident in young people’s choices about who to socialise with and where, their safety concerns and ultimately how particular social networks can be accessed in order to capitalise on protective measures. Young people’s safety concerns are overwhelmingly related to the ‘other’ in public spaces, reinforcing dominant social constructions of private spaces as safer than public spaces. Strong community ties are highlighted as paradoxical: whilst providing trusting social networks which contribute to loyal and safe peers, the intimacy of such networks is perceived by adults as a barrier to young people’s bridging capital and social mobility. These findings pose difficulties to applying late modernist risk theories which minimise the role of wider social processes in shaping young people’s perceptions. Understanding young people and risk is best served by adopting the sociology of youth and social constructionist perspectives which assert the impact of gender, and in particular the power of age constructions which continue to operate within young people’s lives. Ultimately, perceptions on risk of harm to young people remain infused with gendered and age expectations and constructions.

Les efforts des éditeurs et de pouvoirs publics favorables à la présence d’une presse pluralistevouée à la formation des opinions du citoyen ne parviennent pas à renouveler le lectorat vieillissant desquotidiens nationaux français d’actualités générales. Et la régression de leur diffusion conduit àenvisager la disparition de leur forme imprimée alors que le modèle économique des éditions en lignen’est pas stabilisé.Dans ce contexte politique et économique, nous avons souhaité inverser la perspectivehabituelle qui consiste à expliquer les raisons du faible niveau de lecture des jeunes, et nous noussommes intéressée, en marge des comportements moyens, à de jeunes lecteurs du Monde, du Figaro, oude Libération sur papier ou en ligne.Notre approche communicationnelle, nourrie par la dimension réflexive de la méthodologiequalitative des entretiens compréhensifs, a consisté en une analyse des pratiques de lecture axée sur lesrelations des interviewés avec leur environnement. La méthode des portraits et l’analyse interprétativedu sens que les lecteurs considérés comme compétents donnent à leur conduite ont mis en évidencedes pratiques informationnelles où la transmission interpersonnelle constitue un ressort important de lalecture du quotidien en tant que pratique culturelle, interrogeant ainsi la pertinence des démarches deséduction menées par les éditeurs et les pouvoirs publics.Mots-clés : pratiques de lecture, presse quotidienne nationale, jeunes, communication, entretiencompréhensif, portrait, pratiques, transmission. / In spite of all the efforts made by editors and public authorities to develop a pluralistic pressshaping up public opinion the readership of French dailies is aging. The decreasing circulation ofprinted newspapers, contemplating discontinuing them altogether is now an option, when onlineedition business models are still not stable.In this economic and political context, we have chosen not to take the usual perspective,which explains why youngsters are such a small part of the readership, and disregarding averagebehaviours, we have focused on young readers of Le Monde, Le Figaro or Libération either on or off line.Based on the reflexive dimension of comprehensive interviews’ qualitative methodology, ourcommunicational approach consisted in an analysis of reading practices centred on the relationshipbetween the respondents and their environment. The portraits technique and the interpretative analysisof the meaning that so-called competent readers gave to their own behaviours led us to identify thatreading the daily press, taken as a cultural activity, is deeply impacted by informational practices basedon interpersonal transmission. This questions the relevance of the various campaigns launched byeditors and public authorities to win over this specific readership.

Certains travaux en sociolinguistique présentent le langage des jeunes issus de l’immigration maghrébine en France comme une variété du français, caractérisée particulièrement par son emprunt à l’arabe. Cette vision basée sur la pratique d’une seule langue ne permet pas de cerner toutes les facettes de ce phénomène. Son fonctionnement et son sens s’éclairent par la prise en compte du bilinguisme de ses usagers. A partir d’un corpus recueilli auprès des jeunes issus de la même immigration à Bordeaux, nous explorons les faits du contact des deux langues en question, en rapport avec les conditions (sociales) de leur production. Sans les isoler dans un lieu et chez un groupe particuliers, nos analyses révèlent la présence de plusieurs variétés de langages de jeunes, reliés aux pratiques bilingues, adoptées en milieu familial et communautaire de base. Elles mettent en exergue la richesse de leur patrimoine linguistique et verbal, variable en fonction des situations et des interlocuteurs. En nous penchant sur les savoirs sociaux qui déterminent la gestion de cette hétérogénéité linguistique, nous palpons une fidélité à un système de valeurs et de représentations qui se perpétuent à travers les générations. Toutefois, n’étant pas figé dans l’expression d’une seule identité, ce langage exprime leur double identité linguistique et culturelle, construite dans la confrontation à l’Autre et au Même pour traduire leur situation spécifique, en contexte migratoire. / Some studies in Sociolinguisctics present the language of young people stemming from the Maghrebi immigration in France as a variety of French, characterized particularly with its borrowing from Arabic. This vision, based on the practice of one language, does not allow to identify all the facets of this phenomenon. Its functioning and its meaning are clarified when taking into consideration the bilingualism of its users. Starting from a corpus collected from young people stemming from the same immigration in Bordeaux, we explore the facts about the contact of the two languages in question, in relation to the conditions (social) of their production. Without isolating them in a place and in a particular group, our analyses reveal the presence of many language varieties of young people, linked to bilingual practices, adopted in a basic family and community environment. They highlight the richness of their linguistic and verbal heritage, which varies according to situations and interlocutors. Through our inclination towards the social knowledge that determine the management of the linguistic heterogeneity, we feel loyalty to a system of values and representations which are perpetuated through generations. Nevertheless, not being fixed in expressing one identity, this language expresses their double linguistic and cultural identity, constructed through the confrontation with the Other and the Self in order to translate their specific situation in the migratory context.

Young people have low influence on societal issues even though one of the general objectives of politics for youth is to give young people the opportunity to participate and influence. The municipalities of Sweden have an important role to increase the democratic participation of young people. In order to succeed, the municipalities need to get better knowledge about how they reach out to young people, how young people prefer to express their opinions and the requirements for participation. The purpose of the study is to investigate how digitalization can strengthen the democratic participation of young people. To find out what is needed for young people to become more involved and which digital channels that can be used to create better conditions for participation. To answer the problem of the study, triangulation is used between qualitative and quantitative approaches, and the research strategies are literature study, questionnaire and interviews. The results of the survey show that important conditions for participation are that young people have the resources, as platforms and knowledge, to participate in societal issues in an active way. In addition, it is a prerequisite for young people to feel that their opinions can make a difference. If these conditions are fulfilled, participation among young people may be increase. The digital channels that young people prefer to use to provide feedback and to receive information from the municipality are websites, applications and emails. Another digital channel that the municipality can use to reach out to young people with information is Facebook. Finally, it is important that municipalities are responsive and keep up to date with what young people ask for, as trends on digital channels changes continuously. / Ungdomar har idag svagt inflytande i samhällsfrågor trots att ett av de övergripande målen inom ungdomspolitiken är att ungdomar ska ges möjlighet till delaktighet och inflytande. Sveriges kommuner har en viktig uppgift i form av att öka ungdomars demokratiska deltagande. Om det ska lyckas behöver kommuner få bättre kunskap om hur de når ut till ungdomarna, hur ungdomarna helst vill framföra synpunkter och vilka förutsättningar som krävs för delaktighet. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur digitaliseringen kan stärka ungdomars demokratiska deltagande. Detta genom att ta reda på vad som krävs för att ungdomar ska bli mer delaktig samt vilka digitala kanaler som kan användas för att skapa bättre förutsättningar för delaktighet. För att besvara studiens frågeställningar används triangulering mellan kvalitativa och kvantitativa ansatser och de forskningsstrategier som används är litteraturstudie, enkätundersökning och intervju. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att viktiga förutsättningar för delaktighet bland annat är att ungdomar har resurser, i form av plattformar och kunskap, för att aktivt kunna delta i samhällsfrågor. Dessutom är en förutsättning att ungdomarna upplever att deras synpunkter faktiskt kan göra skillnad. Om dessa förutsättningar uppfylls kan deltagandet bland ungdomar öka. De digitala kanaler som ungdomar helst använder för att lämna synpunkter och för att ta emot information från kommunen är hemsidor, applikationer och mejl. En annan digital kanal som kommunen kan använda för att nå ut med information är Facebook. Till sist är det viktigt att kommuner är lyhörda och håller sig uppdaterade på vad ungdomar efterfrågar då trender gällande digitala kanaler ändras kontinuerligt.

Esta pesquisa foi realizada em um assentamento no litoral do Ceará. Este tem sido local de conflitos pela terra desde a sua formação, nos anos oitenta. Foi conquistado a partir da luta de trabalhadores, com apoio das Comunidades Eclesiais de Base. Atualmente, por se tratar de uma região litorânea, os conflitos têm ocorrido contra grandes empreendedores do turismo e a implantação de indústrias eólicas. Para se fortalecer, a comunidade tem recebido apoio de organizações religiosas, não-governamentais e do Movimento Sem-Terra.Elaborou-se esta pesquisa com o objetivo de conhecer a história devida dos jovens desse assentamento e de comunidades ao redor. Esse objetivo foi buscado através de observação participante de atividades comunitárias,entrevistas semiestruturadase intervenções como rodas de conversa e plantões psicológicos.Essasatividades ocorreram principalmente na escola do campo. A existência dessa escola favoreceque os jovens continuem os estudos até o ensino médio.As disciplinas específicas voltadas para agroecologia foram valorizadas pelos estudantes, como forma de melhorar seu cultivo. Foram observados conflitos entre estudantes, funcionários, corpo docente e direção,pela dificuldade em superar relações hierárquicas e estabelecer relações horizontais,apesar de haver espaços na escola para discussão democrática, situação a qual reflete a sociedade capitalista na qual a escola está inserida.Também se observou que as relações de gênero remetem à masculinidade e à feminilidade hegemônicas e definem de forma rígida os valores e papéis associados ao homem e à mulher. Essas relações podem ser opressivas tanto para homens como para mulheres, e gerar sofrimento e discriminação para quem se diferencia dos padrões definidos.Todos os jovens com os quais se conversou demonstraram um sentimento de enraizamento à sua comunidade. Pensar sobre o futuro pode ser angustiante diante de condições instáveis e imprevisíveis devido à falta de políticas públicas voltadas para garantia de direitos desta população. Lamentam-se por precisarem se deslocar para outra cidade para ampliar sua formação com uma graduação. Quase todos desejam que sejaum deslocamento temporário, pois pretendem voltar para a comunidade, considerada continuidade de suas casas.Os jovens do assentamento relataram maior união da comunidade e mobilização contra a entrada de grandes empresas de turismo e de outros empreendimentos, comparados a jovens de comunidades vizinhas.Mesmo com essas diferenças, os jovens do assentamento também relatam transformações nas relações dentro da comunidade, de trocas de produtos e serviços por generosidade para trocas comerciais por dinheiro.Por fim, esta tese mostrou os benefícios de uma pesquisa-intervenção para uma comunidade e uma instituição, quando alguém se disponibiliza a uma escuta atenta para refletir sobre questões pessoais e comunitárias. Apresentou possibilidades de uma comunidade com uma organização coletiva que, apesar dos conflitos e dificuldades enfrentados, luta para superar a desigualdade e as injustiças inerentes ao capitalismo. Registrou a importância de políticas públicas voltadas para as pessoas do campo, particularmente a juventude,no caso específico deste assentamento, para enriquecer sua formação profissional e política / This research was carried out in a settlement on the coast of Ceará, located in Northeast region of Brazil. This place has been the site of conflicts over land since its formation in the 1980s. It was conquered through the struggle of workers, with the support of the Base Ecclesial Communities. Nowadays, because it is a coastal region, conflicts have occurred against great entrepreneurs in tourism industry and the implantation of wind energy industries. In order to strengthen itself, the community has received support from religious, non-governmental organizations and the Brazils Landless Workers Movement. This research was developed with the purpose of knowing the life history of the young people of this settlement and surrounding communities. This objective was pursued through participant observation of community activities, semi-structured interviews and interventions such as rounds of conversation and psychologist on call. These activities occurred mainly in the rural school. The existence of this school ensures that young people continue their studies up to the high school. The specific disciplines focused on agroecology were valued by students as a way to improve cultivation. Conflicts between students, staff, faculty and management were observed due to the difficulty in overcoming hierarchical relations and establishing horizontal relations, although there are spaces in the school for democratic discussion, a situation that reflects the capitalist society in which the school is inserted. It was also observed that gender relations refer to hegemonic masculinity and femininity and rigidly define values and roles associated with men and women. These relationships can be oppressive for both men and women as well as can generate distress and discrimination for those who differ from the defined patterns. All the interviewed young people have a sense of being rooted in their community. Thinking about the future can be distressing before unstable and unpredictable conditions due to the lack of public policies aimed at ensuring the rights of this population. They lament that they need to move to another city to improve their qualifications with a degree. Almost all of them wish that it is a temporary displacement, since they intend to return to the community, which is considered as continuity of their homes. The young people in the settlement reportedgreater community unity and mobilization against the entry of large tourism companies and other ventures, compared to young people from surrounding communities. Even with these differences, settlement youth also report transformations in community relations: from exchanges of goods and services made by generosity, to trading for money. Finally, this thesis highlighted the benefits of a research-intervention for a community by making someone listen attentively to reflect on personal and community issues. Itpresented possibilities for a community with a collective organization that, despite the conflicts and difficulties faced, struggles to overcome inequality and injustices inherent in capitalism. It pointed to the importance of public policies focused on rural people, particularly youth, in the specific case of this settlement, to improve their professional and political formation

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar o valor proveniente do investimento em ações de caráter social, efetuados por empresas socialmente responsáveis. Para tal se vale da Teoria das Finanças Corporativas, especificamente o plano conceitual presente na métrica do Fluxo de Caixa Descontado - DCF, que trata da criação do valor ao longo do tempo, decorrente da execução de um projeto, em um determinado cenário. A estrutura de organização dos fatores de análise do valor é especifica em relação às características do objeto de análise, que gera benefícios sociais como seu resultado (em detrimento do lucro). Como principal inovação, esta adaptação da métrica do valor substitui o fluxo de caixa tradicional por um fluxo de custos e benefícios, gerados pela ação social. O principal problema presente neste movimento é a dificuldade de mensuração destes benefícios sociais em termos monetários. Para sua solução é proposta a utilização da Avaliação Social, instrumentalizada pela econometria, que têm o papel de proporcionar validade metodológica para a mensuração dos benefícios sociais, através da identificação dos beneficiários e da explicitação das necessidades atendidas, para a posterior agregação do valor em termos monetários. O desenvolvimento da perspectiva investigativa do trabalho é estruturado através da condução de uma pesquisa de campo junto aos beneficiários de uma ação educacional específica - a alfabetização de jovens e adultos - financiada por recursos privados. A construção do cálculo em termos financeiros é efetuada através da organização de uma matriz \'beneficiários versus necessidades atendidas\' que identifica as variações da renda do beneficiário, através de parâmetros propostos. Ao final da construção e análise quantitativa dos dados, permite o cálculo dos fluxos de custos e benefícios, para a obtenção do valor sócio-econômico. Esta informação em termos monetários encoraja o investimento em ações de caráter social, principalmente para as empresas, que buscam opções de investimento socialmente responsável mais transparentes e profissionais. / This work make efforts to built the analysis of the value created through the social development, brought by the social responsible investment in social actions. To achieve this objective applies the Corporative Finance Theory, specifically the conceptual basis of the metrics Discounted Cash Flow - DCF, which treats the value generation thru the time, provided by one Project in its own scenario. The structure of its value drivers is specific in terms of the analysi\' object characteristics, in this case related to results understood as social benefits, instead of profit. The approach proposed is the substitution oh the traditional DCF metrics by Benefits and Costs Analysis parameters representing the positive impact developed trough the social action in a certain point in time. The main content present in this movement is the social benefit measurement in monetary terms. The solution suggested is to apply the methodological considerations of Social Evaluation when identifying beneficiaries and explicating the social needs, which gives the condition to generate the data to aggregate those parameters in econometrics equations. The test of these metrics is organized with the use of survey in the beneficiary population of a specific social action: adult literacy, financed with entrepreneurial capital. The financial terms calculus is organized in a matrix of \'beneficiaries versus social needs attempt\', which indicates rent and social service access as the parameters of the socioeconomics value creation. This information, in monetary terms, encourages private capital investment in social action, because enables comparable decision making.

Nas sociedades modernas são cada vez mais evidentes os reflexos do uso inadequado ou abusivo de substâncias psicoativas. Diante disso, são necessárias políticas públicas de atendimento, promoção de saúde e prevenção quanto à questão da drogadição implementadas nos municípios. Um primeiro passo para a compreensão das políticas públicas implementadas em nível municipal é a análise dos serviços existentes confrontada ao que é preconizado pela legislação vigente na área. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho se propôs a atingir os seguintes objetivos gerais: a) Caracterização dos serviços públicos de atenção à questão da drogadição no município de Ribeirão Preto; e b) Análise das Políticas Públicas, ligadas ao tema, implementadas no município. Os objetivos específicos para atingir os intentos deste estudo foram: a) Analisar a legislação brasileira, dados de documentos e relatórios referentes à atenção prevista na área; b) Levantar e caracterizar os serviços municipais, na área, através de informações obtidas junto aos responsáveis pelos mesmos; c) Levantar serviços detectados como necessários, insuficientes ou inexistentes no município, sob a ótica da legislação prevista; d) Compreender as interligações dentre os serviços, bem como os fluxos de encaminhamentos de pessoas, sistemas de referências e contra-referências entre eles. As estratégias de coleta de dados foram as seguintes: pesquisa documental; entrevistas realizadas através de roteiro semi-estruturado com profissionais responsáveis pelos serviços; registros de notas em diário de campo e falas fortuitas. A análise realizada triangulou os dados coletados mediante as múltiplas perspectivas: a) Consonâncias e inconsonâncias entre as fontes de dados; b) Percepções, regularidades e irregularidades de opiniões dos entrevistados relativos aos temas do estudo. Foi ainda permeada pela reflexividade e o posicionamento da pesquisadora em suas implicações com o tema. Com isso verificou-se que os serviços que participaram do estudo foram caracterizados a fim de obter conhecimento sobre as diversas formas de funcionamento e os documentos apresentaram a forma como deveria funcionar a atenção a esta demanda. Contudo, constatamos a necessidade de colocar em prática a teoria prevista em Lei e documentos, de forma que as atuações possam ser aprimoradas. / The reflexes of improper or abusive use of psychoative substances are more and more coming evident in modern society. So that, public policies on attendance, health promotion and prevention are needed regards drugs abuse question, on city or county levels. A first step to comprehend public policies already existent that level, consists in drawing a parallel analysis between presently established services and legal effective norms. For this purpose, this work intends to reach these following general objectives: a) Characterization of public attendance to drugs question at Ribeirão Preto city; b) Public policies analysis, regarding that topic, already established in the city. The specific objectives have been: a) Analysis of Brazilian legislation and data from documents and rapports alluding the policies fixed to that area; b) Survey and characterize city related services by information obtained among theirs managers; c) Survey services individualized as necessary, insufficient or inexistent in city, according to the presently valid legislation; d) Comprehend the connections between those services, as such as attended people leading flow directions, references and counter-references systems among them. As strategies to data obtainment have been adopted: documental research; interviews based on semi-structured plan, with the services? managers; registers and records on field diary and fortuitous speeches. The succeeding analysis has been realized crossing multiple perspectives as related above, from where: a) Consonances and dissonances between data sources; b) Perceptions, regularities and irregularities about interviewed people opinions regarding this work?s objectives. Even more, has been pervaded by researcher?s reflections and positions in which regards the topics alluded. By thus far, remains notorious that such services which announced in this research have been characterized with purpose to acquire knowledge about the different forms realized on drug attendance, and the documents brought the way shall work the attention to that demand. Although, we verify the need of usage of all the theory enclosed on documents and laws, in sense of improving actions.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo identificar a presença do espaço sagrado na Literatura para Crianças e Jovens. Para isso, utilizamos como eixo teóricometodológico propostas sociológicas e antropológicas sobre o sagrado e sua relação com o homem. Como um substrato para mitos, ritos e arquétipos, o sagrado tem permeado a Literatura para Crianças e Jovens, revelando o homem e sua relação com suas crenças. Em diversas obras, evidencia-se como um elemento essencial e norteador do ser que o aceita. Assim, recorrendo ao estudo de temas (tematologia) como método comparativista, objetivamos identificar a configuração do espaço sagrado, pela oralidade, em duas obras: A menina de lá, de Guimarães Rosa, e O beijo da palavrinha, de Mia Couto. Além disso, pelo mesmo método comparativista, analisaremos as obras As Crônicas de Nárnia: o leão, a feiticeira e o guarda-roupa, de C. S. Lewis e Cibermãe, de Alexandre Jardin, com o objetivo de identificar o retorno do sagrado nos dias atuais e, verificar que o sagrado não se limita a épocas, mas até mesmo na modernidade o homem o busca. / This essay aims at identifying the presence of the sacred space in the literature geared at children and young people. For this we used the theoretical - methodological axis as the sociological and anthropological proposals on other sacred and its relationship with man. As a basis for myths, rites and models, the sacred has permeated literature for children and young people, revealing man and his relation to his beliefs. In several literary works, the sacred is highlighted as an essential element and a guide for the man who accepts it. Likewise, resorting to the study of themes as a comparative method, we aim to identify the sacred space by oral sources in two works: A menina de lá, by Guimarães Rosa and O beijo da palavrinha by Mia Couto. According to the same comparative method, we will analyze the following works: The chronicles of Narnia: the lion, the witch and the wardrobe by C.S. Lewis and Cybermother by Alexander Jardin, aiming in both cases to identify the return of the sacred to the present day, observing that the sacred does not limit itself to periods, but man searches for it even in modern days.

In 2016 a new temporary asylum law was introduced in Sweden which limited the chance of being granted asylum. This law was most hard hitting on unaccompanied young people who no longer received fair asylum processes. The government changed part of the temporary law in 2018, and this amendment is referred to as the Upper Secondary School Act. The purpose of this change was to allow certain groups of unaccompanied young people the chance to gain asylum by granting them a residence permit to study in Sweden.   The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether the Upper Secondary School Act provides unaccompanied young people enough human dignity and respect. To do this, elements of two immigration laws are examined to see how the differences between the laws affects unaccompanied young people in the asylum process and in order to gain an understanding of why the new high school law was introduced into legislation. This thesis also conducts a qualitative study to find out what effects the law have had on unaccompanied young people. The Upper Secondary School Act is then reviewed from an ethical and critical standpoint, where the thesis's theoretical approach is based on the thoughts of Jürgen Habermas, Seyla Benhabib and Elena Namli.   The study shows that the Upper Secondary School Act has been criticized from many different directions, and points out that the law is inadequate and lacking a humane perspective. This study also concludes that the law has led to negative consequences for unaccompanied young people because they are not provided with the right conditions for a good life in Sweden. This has led to them being neglected. In order to change this the law must respect human dignity and express an equal respect for all people. This will then counteract repressive structures that prevent the possibility of integration, which the Upper Secondary School Act does not achieve. The main problem with the present law is that there is not enough respect for unaccompanied young peoples’ human dignity.