Föreliggande studie handlar om stödinsatser och studieavbrott ur studieavbrytares perspektiv. Syftet har varit att undersöka om de deltagande ungdomarna upplevde att de fick stöd under gymnasietiden i ett försök att förstå varför studieavbrott ändå sker. Avsikten har vidare varit att beskriva och reflektera över ungdomarnas erfarenheter med förhoppning om att det skall vara till nytta för framtida förebyggande arbete. Studien baseras på kvalitativa intervjuer och har inspirerats av tidigare forskning om studieavbrott, stödinsatser samt karriärutvecklingsteorier. Avsikten med intervjuundersökningen har varit att studera studieavbrytarnas skolgång under grund- och gymnasietiden för att få en förståelse för vilket stöd studieavbrytarna upplever att de fått eller hade önskat att de fick medan de ännu befann sig i skolan.  Resultatet visar att studieavbrytarna bär på olika erfarenheter av skolgången och att tillgången på socialt och pedagogiskt stöd varit bristfällig. Resultatet visar också att studieavbrotten upplevs positiva och frivilliga. Slutsatser som dragits är att studieavbrytare har behov av olika stödinsatser och att skolor brister i sitt ansvar att ge stöd. En annan slutsats är att det, trots stödinsatser, inte går att förhindra att elever ändå avbryter sina studier. / This present essay is about support and dropout from the dropouts' perspective. The purpose of this study has been to examine these participant youngsters' opinions about the support they have been given during their time in upper secondary level in order to understand why dropouts yet attend to happen. The purpose has also been to describe and reflect over the youngsters' experiences with a hope that it will be of benefit to a future preventative work. This essay is based on a qualitative interview study and has been inspired by theories covering the area of dropouts, support and career development. The purpose of the interviews has been to study the dropouts' time in the nine-year compulsory school and in the upper secondary school. The intention has been to obtain an understanding for the support that the dropouts have been given or would have wanted while they still were in school. The result shows that the dropouts have different experiences from their time in school and that the supply of social and pedagogy support have been defective. The result also shows that the experience of the dropout is that the dropout is positive and voluntary. Conclusion drawn is that the dropouts have different needs of support during their time in school and that the schools lack in their responsibility of giving support. Another conclusion drawn is that at the same time, in spite of support; it is not possible to prevent students from dropping out.

<p>HIV counselling and testing (HCT) is an essential element in the response to the HIV epidemic. There are still major gaps in research about the best ways to provide HCT, especially to young people. School-based HCT is a model which has been suggested for providing HCT to young people in a youth friendly manner. This study was aimed at producing recommendations for providing a youth friendly school-based HCT service using the World Health Organisation (WHO) framework for youth friendly health services. It was conducted in six secondary schools in Cape Town, where a mobile HCT service is provided by a nongovernmental organisation (NGO). It was an exploratory descriptive study, using a mixed-methods approach. Twelve focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with learners to explore their needs with regards to school-based HCT. An evaluation (which consisted of observation of the HCT site, service provider interviews and direct observation of the HCT counselling process) was done to determine whether the mobile school-based HCT service was youth friendly. A learner survey was conducted with 529 learners to investigate the factors that influence the uptake of HCT and to explore learners&rsquo / behaviours and experiences under test conditions. In the FGDs, learners said that they wanted HCT to be provided in schools on condition that their fears and expressed needs were taken into account. They wanted their concerns regarding privacy and<br /> confidentiality addressed / they wanted to be provided with information regarding the benefits and procedure of HCT before testing took place / they wanted service providers to be competent to work with young people, and they wanted to be assured that those who tested positive were followed up and supported. On evaluation of the mobile school-based HCT service, it was evident that the service did not meet all the needs of the learners nor did it have all the characteristics of a youth friendly health service. The model of &lsquo / mass testing&rsquo / used by the NGO did not fulfil learners&rsquo / expressed need for privacy with regards to HCT. Service providers were friendly and non-judgemental but had not been trained to work with young people (especially marginalised groups e.g. young men who have sex with men). The information needs of learners were not addressed, and learners were not involved in the provision of the HCT service. Learners who tested positive were not assisted in accessing care and support. The learner survey revealed a high uptake of HCT (71% of learners) at schools with learners who do not identify themselves as Black, with female learners and older learners being more likely to have had an HIV test. Factors that influenced uptake of HCT were complex, with learners reporting many different motivators and barriers to testing. Of concern was the low risk perception of leaners with regards to HIV infection and the fact that learners who tested HIV positive were not being linked up with treatment and care. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations were made for providing youth friendly schoolbased HCT. A multisectoral approach, with learner and community involvement, was suggested in order to provide a service which is equitable, accessible, acceptable, appropriate and effective.</p>

This Bachelors exam is about young adults and their use of Mobile Social Network System.The use of mobile social media has become more common in today’s society, ranging fromteenagers, the dominating internet users, to the elderly. The traditional purpose of use inmobile phones, the voice communication from one place to another, has in Sweden beendominated by text communication instead. Along with the development of Smartphones andthe mobile interface, the births of mobile social media have increased in the market. Reports have shown that of all the devices with the possibility to connect to social networks,the one kept closest to our bodies is the mobile phone. One of the advantages of using thephone for mobile social media is that you can easily and smoothly update whenever andwherever, within one arm’s reach. An update can be anything the user feel like sharing withfriends. For example the user’s location, feelings and thoughts or it could also be a picture ora video clip. Our report focuses on what factors contributes to the use of mobile social media, in whatcontexts the updates happen in as well as where, how and why they do.

The Internet plays a significant role in the lives of young people today. Previous research points to advantages as well as disadvantages of the use of the Internet in a formal educational context. The aim of the current study was to investigate the influence of the use of the Internet on planning and instruction. Five upper secondary school teachers were interviewed face-to-face. Five recurrent themes were identified in the interview data: general opinions on and experience of the Internet, attitudes to teaching and learning, opinions on the use of the Internet as a planning and teaching resource, effects of the use of the Internet on students and teachers, and drawbacks of the use of the Internet in the school. It was found that the teachers think that the Internet is a valuable source of information and an important additional teaching tool. The Internet can e.g. motivate the students, make teaching more fun, and allows variation in teaching. Four major drawbacks of the use of the Internet were reported by the teachers, viz. students' cheating, unreliable information, technical problems, and students' extracurricular activities during lessons.

This study employs qualitative methods to explore the tensions experienced by deaf young people with hearing parents, hearing parents with little or no experience of deafness prior to the birth of their deaf children and language teachers with a lack of skills and knowledge of deafness in the implementation of an inclusive education system in Brunei Darussalam. The empirical evidence I used to develop and support my thesis involves data I have generated using a variety of data collection tools, and includes analysis of documents, interviews with 12 deaf people age 18-25 years old, 4 hearing parents and 4 teachers together with 8 hours of classroom observations. A thematic analysis was conducted to identify prevalent similarities in the participant’s responses. Underachievement among young deaf people was due to undeveloped language. Undeveloped language for communication is the major theme identified. This study argues that while certain barriers to participation in hearing inclusive classrooms and hearing environments may be being removed, perceptions of the deaf as being unable to communicate remain embedded in dominant disability discourse (Lang, 2001). The study’s conclusions are drawn within the context of proposing a framework for a holistic, integrated, community based educational support structure for Brunei Darussalam that meets the support requirements of deaf young people (DYP), parents and teachers within inclusive schools.

Introduktion: En god tandhälsa innebär att tänderna och munhålan är fria från smärtaeller obehag, samt att det finns en god tuggfunktion. Tandhälsa är en del av denallmänna hälsan och bidrar till välbefinnande hos människor. Syftet med studien var att undersöka kunskaper om tandhälsa och munhygienvanorhos 16-19- åringar med invandrarbakgrund. Ett ytterligare syfte var att undersökaderas uppfattningar om munhälsa. Material och metod: Studien är empirisk och kvantitativ och utfördes medanvändning av en enkät. Datainsamlingen gjordes vid tre gymnasieskolor i södraSverige. Två klasser från varje gymnasieskola valdes ut som hade högt antal elevermed invandrarbakgrund. Av 90 elever med invandrarbakgrund inkluderades 87 (97%) elever i studien. Resultat: Eleverna hade goda kunskaper om munhygienvanor. De flesta användetandborste och tandkräm två gånger dagligen. De hade de goda kunskaper om karies.Däremot visade de brist på kunskap om fluor och gingivit. De flesta av elevernatyckte att tandhälsan var viktig för dem. Slutsats: Eleverna uppgav ganska goda munhygienvanor. När det gäller kunskaperom tandhälsa fanns goda kunskaper vad som orsakar karies men inte gingivit. / Introduction: A good dental health can be defined as the teeth and oral cavity is free from pain and discomfort. Dental health is a part of the general and is related to the quality of life. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess knowledge in dental health and oral hygiene among 16-19-year-old immigrant-students. The student’s perception of oral health is also assessed. Materials and methods: This study is quantitative and is conducted with a questionnaire. Data was collected at three high schools in the South of Sweden. Two classes with students with immigrant origins were selected. Out of 90 participated 87 (97 %) were included in the study. Result: Results showed that the students had a good knowledge in oral hygiene habits. Most of them used a tooth brush and tooth paste twice a day. They also had a good knowledge in dental caries. However, there was a lack of knowledge about fluoride and gingivitis. Most of the students thought that the dental health was of importance. Conclusion: The participated had good oral hygiene habits. They had good knowledge about dental caries, but not about gingivitis.

Siekiant didinti jaunimo užimtumą Lietuvoje nuo 1996 metų vykdomos įvairios jaunimo užimtumo programos, viena iš jų moksleivių viešieji darbai. Darbo tikslas – įvertinti VDU Kauno botanikos sode vykdytos „Kauno miesto moksleivių viešieji darbai“ programos tikslų pasiekimą. Buvo apklausti moksleiviai dalyvavę VDU Kauno botanikos sode vykdytoje programoje. Pagrindiniai tyrimo rezultatai iliustruojami lentelėmis bei paveikslais. Darbo pabaigoje daromos išvados: 1. Įstaiga (VDU Kauno botanikos sodas) pakankamai pasirengusi vykdyti socialinę moksleivių užimtumo programą. 2. Remiantis respondentų anketinės apklausos duomenimios daroma prielaida, kad programa efektyvi tikslų pasiekimo aspektu. Tyrimas padėjo išsiaiškinti kokias sritis įstaiga turėtų patobulinti, kad būtų kokybiškiau pasirengusi vykdyti socialines moksleivių užimtumo programas. Autorė ateityje naudosis tyrimo rezultatais vykdydama socialines užimtumo programas VDU Kauno botanikos sode. / In order to increase youth employment in Lithuania since 1996 there are pursued several youth employment programs. One of them is student public works. Aim of the work – evaluate goals of the program “Public works of Kaunas city students” pursued in Kaunas Botanical Garden of Vytautas Magnus University. Students taking part in a program were interviewed. Main results of the research are introduced in tables and pictures. After finishing the work we can draw conclusions: 1. Institution (Kaunas Botanical Garden of Vytautas Magnus University) is ready to pursue a social program of students’ employment. 2. According to data of respondents’ questionnaire – the program is effective to reach the goals. This program has helped to find imperfections to prepare better to pursue social programs of students’ employment. The author will use research results to pursue social programs of employment in Kaunas Botanical Garden of Vytautas Magnus University.

To-date relatively little research has explored the perceptions that influence young peoples' interest in policing as a career. This study examined if perceptions of policing are interconnected with desire to be an officer. Overall, the results were inconclusive; however, it was determined that young people interested in a policing career hold moderately accurate perceptions of policing with regards to the application and hiring process, officer salary, the daily tasks performed by officers, and issues of gender. But, these young people have a limited understanding of longstanding issues of race/ethnic discrimination within policing. The implications of this research undertaking for policing organizations and academics are discussed.

<p>HIV counselling and testing (HCT) is an essential element in the response to the HIV epidemic. There are still major gaps in research about the best ways to provide HCT, especially to young people. School-based HCT is a model which has been suggested for providing HCT to young people in a youth friendly manner. This study was aimed at producing recommendations for providing a youth friendly school-based HCT service using the World Health Organisation (WHO) framework for youth friendly health services. It was conducted in six secondary schools in Cape Town, where a mobile HCT service is provided by a nongovernmental organisation (NGO). It was an exploratory descriptive study, using a mixed-methods approach. Twelve focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with learners to explore their needs with regards to school-based HCT. An evaluation (which consisted of observation of the HCT site, service provider interviews and direct observation of the HCT counselling process) was done to determine whether the mobile school-based HCT service was youth friendly. A learner survey was conducted with 529 learners to investigate the factors that influence the uptake of HCT and to explore learners&rsquo / behaviours and experiences under test conditions. In the FGDs, learners said that they wanted HCT to be provided in schools on condition that their fears and expressed needs were taken into account. They wanted their concerns regarding privacy and<br /> confidentiality addressed / they wanted to be provided with information regarding the benefits and procedure of HCT before testing took place / they wanted service providers to be competent to work with young people, and they wanted to be assured that those who tested positive were followed up and supported. On evaluation of the mobile school-based HCT service, it was evident that the service did not meet all the needs of the learners nor did it have all the characteristics of a youth friendly health service. The model of &lsquo / mass testing&rsquo / used by the NGO did not fulfil learners&rsquo / expressed need for privacy with regards to HCT. Service providers were friendly and non-judgemental but had not been trained to work with young people (especially marginalised groups e.g. young men who have sex with men). The information needs of learners were not addressed, and learners were not involved in the provision of the HCT service. Learners who tested positive were not assisted in accessing care and support. The learner survey revealed a high uptake of HCT (71% of learners) at schools with learners who do not identify themselves as Black, with female learners and older learners being more likely to have had an HIV test. Factors that influenced uptake of HCT were complex, with learners reporting many different motivators and barriers to testing. Of concern was the low risk perception of leaners with regards to HIV infection and the fact that learners who tested HIV positive were not being linked up with treatment and care. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations were made for providing youth friendly schoolbased HCT. A multisectoral approach, with learner and community involvement, was suggested in order to provide a service which is equitable, accessible, acceptable, appropriate and effective.</p>

Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka hur fältsekreterare arbetar med och uppfattar det förebyggande arbetet med ungdomar. Studien har utformats som en kvalitativ intervjustudie där sju fältsekreterare från två olika kommuner deltagit. Intervjuerna utgick från en halvstrukturerad intervjuguide. Intervjuerna analyserades med hjälp av meningskoncentrering och tematisering. Studien har utgått från ett sociokulturellt perspektiv. Resultatet visar att fältsekreterarna som deltagit i studien utgår från tre olika nivåer i det förebyggande arbetet. De olika nivåerna skapar förutsättningar för fältsekreterarna att befinna sig på ungdomarnas olika arenor och därmed skapa sig en helhetssyn på ungdomarna. Målet med det förebyggande arbetet beskrivs utifrån syftet att skapa ett gott liv för ungdomarna. Det förebyggande arbetet bygger på kontaktskapande. Detta görs genom uppsökande arbete samt genom att möta ungdomarna utifrån deras perspektiv. Att skapa hållbara relationer beskrivs som viktigt. Detta görs genom att använda den egna personligheten som ett verktyg, samt genom att finnas kvar över tid för ungdomarna. Fältsekreterarna har beskrivit relationen som central och menar att den kan användas som ett verktyg för lärande och utveckling hos ungdomarna. Slutsatser som kan dras utifrån studiens resultat är att fältsekreterarna i sitt arbete strävar efter att arbeta utifrån en helhetssyn där ungdomens delaktighet i arbetet är i fokus. Ytterligare en slutsats är att relationen kan ses som ett centralt verktyg för ett lyckat förebyggande arbete / The purpose of this study was to investigate how field secretaries are working with and perceive the preventive work with young people. The study was designed as a qualitative study in which seven field secretaries from two different municipalities participated. The interviews were based on a half-structured interview guide. The interview data were coded and divided into relevant themes. The study was based on a socio-cultural perspective. The result revealed that the field secretaries who participated in the study based their work on three different levels of prevention. The different levels create conditions for the field secretaries to be on the young people's various venues and thereby gain a holistic view of the young people. The goal of prevention is described according to the purpose of creating a good life for young people. Preventative work is based on creating contacts. This is done through outreach work and by meeting young people from their perspective. Creating sustainable relationships are described as important. This is done by using one's own personality as a tool, as well as to continue to exist over time for the young people. The field secretaries have described the relationship's importance to their work and explain how it can be used as a tool for learning and development in the young people.A conclusion to be drawn from the study's results is that the field secretaries strive to work from a holistic view were the youths own participation in the work is the focus. Another conclusion is that the relationship can be seen as a key tool for a successful prevention