This thesis aims to study how the assignment of subject headings, from the Swedish subject headings list, in the Swedish national catalog Libris relates to works of marginalized groups from an intersectional perspective. The marginalized groups represented in this study are LGBTQ as well as racified. With the term radical cataloging as the background for this thesis, I have categorized five pairs of opposite words that were the bases for my keyword search and then analyzed the subject headings for the books that my keyword searches resulted in. Using Derrida's theories of deconstruction and the perception of The Other, I have investigated which subject headings are used to describe the marginalized groups and whether these subject headings can be problematic from an intersectional perspective. The conclusion is that, although both groups are represented by a variety of subject headings, they are not always used in a correct context. There is also a lack of several subject headings which would work towards an inclusion of these marginalized groups.

Young LGBT people rather search for LGBT books in library catalogues privately than ask a librarian for help. But words that describe different sexualities and gender identities change rapidly, and controlled vocabularies do not, which make it difficult for members of the LGBT community to find what they are looking for when using more modern and informal terminology. We wanted to know the difference in how users in a folksonomy and librarians restricted by a controlled vocabulary describe the content of young adult LGBT literature. Who are most suitable to describe this literature? To do this we did a small comparative study using 50 randomly selected LGBT books, focusing on the LGBT subject headings in the Swedish national library system Libris and the LGBT bookshelves on the public social cataloging website Goodreads. We also wanted to know which LGBT related words can be found in SBI’s controlled vocabulary, to see what words librarians are restricted to. Conclusively both the users and the librarians, controlled vocabularies or not, used an excessive amount of synonyms. This led us to the idea of making synonyms searchable for the users, whilst librarians still use the structure of a controlled vocabulary. Users grouped books under acronyms for the LGBT community as a whole, whilst librarians rather split up the sexualities and gender identities into separates.

To discover areas within the Swedish indexing system for children’s and youth literature that could limit the possibility to find books about a certain subject or of a particular type, and to identify factors that could complicate the development of Swedish subject headings and the genre/form system for children is the aim with this study. The research area is explored by analyzing information about the indexing process of books for children and youths in Sweden today, and information about the development of the specific indexing system. Specialist librarians connected to Svenska barnboksinstitutet have contributed to the empirical data and Mai’s domain-centered approach to indexing is used as a theoretical framework. Some areas within the indexing system that could have a negative impact on the quality and consistency of the indexing and thus reduce the searchability are shown. Using Lancaster’s suggestions about what could effect the indexing quality it is discussed that the indexing vocabulary, the document, the indexer and the “process” could contribute to the problems. Another finding that could cause inconsistency is the occurrence of subdomains within the nationwide domain. Factors that could complicate the development of the indexing system are also identified. These factors can be linked to historical and contemporary, cultural, linguistic and societal aspects, but also to the specific target group. The findings indicate that maintaining a system with updated, neutral indexing terms adapted to the needs of the target group requires a continuous and coordinated work, responsiveness, awareness of societal change, and linguistic sensitivity

Sammanfattning /Abstrakt Andersson, Jenny och Mattsson Josefine (2023) Språket som nyckel: en studie i hur fyra mellanstadielärare undervisar om ämnesord i sina respektive ämnen, med fokus på språkstörning och språklig sårbarhet. Speciallärarprogrammet, Institutionen för skolutveckling och ledarskap, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle, Malmö Universitet, 90 hp Förväntat kunskapsbidrag   Vi hoppas att vår studie kan bidra med kunskap om hur några lärare tänker om språkutvecklande undervisning och hur explicit undervisning av ord och begrepp kan stötta elever i deras kunskaps- och ordförrådsutveckling. Vår förhoppning är att väcka medvetenhet om detta viktiga, men komplexa område, samt få fler pedagoger att reflektera över i vilken mån de själva arbetar språkutvecklande. Vi hoppas även skapa en dialog bland pedagoger runt detta, så att man kan hämta inspiration och lära av varandra i ett kollegialt samarbete. Att tänka tillsammans runt vilka språkliga krav undervisningen ställer och vilka utmaningar detta skapar, både för språkligt sårbara elever och för deras lärare är viktiga diskussioner som behöver lyftas till ytan på både individ-, grupp- och organisationsnivå. Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med kunskap om hur fyra mellanstadielärare  beskriver att de arbetar med ämnesspecifika begrepp utifrån hur deras undervisningspraktiker ser ut. Vi vill även bidra med kunskap om deras erfarenheter av språkutvecklande arbete, med fokus både på elever med diagnosen språkstörning, men även på elever som av annan anledning befinner sig i språklig sårbarhet.    Frågeställningarna vi utgår från är: Hur säger lärarna att de arbetar språkutvecklande för att stötta språkligt sårbara elever? Vilket stöd upplever lärarna att de får i det arbetet?  Vad ser de för vinster och utmaningar i det språkutvecklande arbetet? Teori Vi har i vår studie utgått ifrån Vygotskijs sociokulturella teori (1935/2010). Utöver denna teori belyser vi även vårt resultat utifrån flera specialpedagogiska perspektiv, som det kategoriska, det relationella och dilemmaperspektivet (Nilholm, 2005). Detta för att skapa en så komplett bild som möjligt av hur lärarna tänker i sitt språkutvecklande arbete och i vad de grundar sina beslut. Metod Vi har använt oss av kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer (Bryman, 2018). Dessa planerades och strukturerades utifrån observationer, vilka genomfördes hos samtliga utvalda lärare. Observationerna användes enbart som ett arbetsmaterial som stöd för att kunna planera och genomföra intervjuerna. Valet av semistrukturerade intervjuer gjordes för att i intervjusituationerna förse oss med en flexibilitet som möjliggjorde användandet av följdfrågor då respondenternas svar gav information vi önskade fördjupa oss i.  Resultat Studien visade att samtliga respondenter såg vinster med att arbeta språkutvecklande och att de använde sig av olika stödstrukturer för att kunna arbeta på detta sätt. De förefaller däremot luta sig mot olika specialpedagogiska perspektiv, vilket bland annat påverkade deras sätt att se på kunskapsuppdraget, lektionsupplägg, eleverna och synen på vem som skulle genomföra arbetet med elever i språklig sårbarhet. Två av lärarna förefaller ha ett relationellt synsätt och två ett mer kategoriskt. Perspektiven gick inte att relatera till kön, arbetslivserfarenhet eller de respektive skolas kunskapssyn, då båda perspektiven representerades oavsett detta.  Specialpedagogiska implikationer Specialläraren har en betydande roll i hur skolorna arbetar språkutvecklande. Vi behöver stötta läraren i det språkutvecklande arbetet och tillgodose eleverna med ett varierat och tydligt arbete med språket i fokus. Lärarna behöver få handledning och fortbildning hur de kan arbeta med elever i språklig sårbarhet för att elevernas kunskapsutveckling ska bli så optimal som möjligt. Som speciallärare känns det också viktigt att belysa de olika specialpedagogiska perspektiven för lärarna. Detta för att skapa en medvetenhet om ur vilka olika perspektiv man kan se på och använda sig av specialpedagogiken, samt vilka olika effekter de olika perspektiven kan få på verksamheten.

This study focuses on LGBTQI related descriptors for fiction in Libris catalog from a knowledge organizational point of view, specifically domain analysis. It investigates how descriptors related to the LGBTQI-community are used, what different perspectives and points of views may have influenced how they are assigned, and whether it is possible to shed light on LGBTQI-certified and uncertified public libraries degrees of subject knowledge. Previous research indicates that in the absence of a guiding policy regarding intersectional collection development, libraries LGBTQI content consist mostly of representation for the white, gay, adult, male experience. A quantitative content analysis of 18 certified and 24 uncertified swedish public libraries collections showed that ”lesbian women” is the most used descriptor, but it is uncertain whether this group is the most represented one or if it is simply more visible due to the fact that it goes against the norm. The results also showed lacking representation in some areas in relation to descriptors. When it comes to certified and uncertified libraries we did not see any major differences in their work with the descriptors.

The purpose of this Master’s thesis is to contribute to knowledge of what author-assigned keywords add to the indexing of Swedish dissertations in literature. This study had two research questions: 1) What types of keywords do the authors choose? 2) How do the author-assigned keywords compare to the cataloger-assigned subject headings from the controlled vocabulary Svenska Ämnesord (SAO) regarding types of terms, exhaustivity and specificity? Theoretical perspectives for this study come from Domain analysis which is a core paradigm within the research area Knowledge Organization (see e.g. Smiraglia 2015). Within Domain analysis the focus for indexing is the domain, and it is the needs of the domain that shall direct the indexing practice. The dataset of the study contained 34 dissertations in literature published in the Swedish university repository DiVA between 2012 and 2022, that had both author-assigned keywords in Swedish and were assigned sao-subject headings in the Swedish national catalogue Libris. In total 431 author keywords and 195 sao-subject headings were analysed using a modified version of thematic analysis as described by Braun & Clark (2006). The results reveal that the author-assigned keywords show more themes than the subject headings, and indicates higher exhaustivity and specificity. For example, one main theme for the keywords were discipline-related terms, that were often connected to theory/methodology for the dissertations, but the subject headings were lacking this as a main theme. Also names of philosophers and theorists formed a theme for the keywords, but the subject headings did not have this theme. Furthermore the findings show that the subject headings tended to be more general in character than the keywords. From the point of view of Domain analysis it is problematic if the indexing used in the university library databases does not meet the needs of the academic domains. Therefore it is argued in this thesis that either the author-assigned keywords should be better utilised within the national catalogue Libris, or that the policy for professional indexing should be adjusted to better meet the needs of the academic domains.

The purpose of this essay is to investigate the construction of sexuality in Swedish school libraries through the lens of Foucault’s concept of power/knowledge. Five libraries were investigated, using two kinds of method: discourse analysis of titles, classification codes and subject headings of sex education materials, and qualitative interviews with librarians working at each of the libraries. Most sex education materials were classified within the medicine section, illustrating the continued authority of medical discourse in matters concerning sexuality. Books for younger audiences were often written for either boys or girls, reproducing a binary understanding of gender. Most library collections had a larger number of books written for girls, indicating that girls’ sexualities are subjected to a higher degree of discipline compared to boys’. Collections illustrated two combating discourses about female sexuality, one focusing on problematic aspects of sexuality such as rape and sexual abuse, the other constructing female sexuality as connected to lust and pleasure. Sex and love were constructed as intrinsically linked though the frequent use of the word “love” in titles and the concurrence of the subject heading “love” with “sex” or “sexuality”. Indexation patterns made LGBTQ-people stand out as exceptions to the heterosexual norm. Informants had differing views on what they thought should be part of their libraries’ sex education materials. Some mentioned a range of different subjects; others emphasized the need for “basic” books. When asked what materials they would not purchase informants mentioned pornographic, racist, violent and otherwise “offensive” materials. Most informants did not actively promote the libraries’ collections of sex education materials apart from signposting certain books. Regardless of the level of cooperation between teachers and librarians none of the informants had ever participated in the schools’ sex education classes. This is a two years master’s thesis in Archive, Library and Museum Studies.

The main focus of this master’s thesis concerns the relation between subject representation, power and gender. Classification systems and subject heading lists are products of their cultural and social context and some subjects and disciplines are given a greater value than others. Our aim in this thesis is twofold; to discuss and critically analyse the prevailing gender norms that are expressed trough classification systems and subject heading lists and to examine how they manage to represent gender studies as a multidisciplinary subject in theory as well as in practice. We are also discussing the particular problems with the representation of multidisciplinary subjects in general. The analysis is grounded in the field of gender studies, where feminist, masculinity and queer theory are included, and the area of critical classification theory. The classification systems and subject heading list that are discussed here are DDC, SAB, SAO, LCSH and KVINNSAM. In the case of DDC and SAB, the analysis concerns the hierarchal structure and principal arrangement of subjects. The focus in the analysis of SAO, LSCH and KVINNSAM is on the assigned subject headings and the lists’ possibilities to adequately represent gender studies. The result of this study shows that both the systems and the subject heading list have considerable problems with integrating and fully representing gender studies as a multidisciplinary subject. It also shows that the available vocabularies for describing gender and feminist literature are very limited. The practise in indexing and classifying multidisciplinary subjects in general are neither sufficient nor consistent. / Uppsatsnivå: D

The motivation for this thesis lies in the knowledge that there is a crucial information need amongst LGBTQ-persons wanting to read fiction related to LGBTQ in order to strengthen their own identity. This particular information need regarding identification has been said to be more central within LGBTQ-communities than within other user groups, largely because they represent a marginalized group in society. Critical feminists, such as Hope A. Olson, have proved that knowledge organization based on systems of subject representation in fact may lead to further marginalization and exclusion of already marginalized groups. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to compare subject representation and social tagging as methods of organizing LGBTQ-fiction. The empirical data is drawn from the collaborative tagging platform LibraryThing and five public library catalogs.Within a feminist framework based on queer theory, the advantages of user-generated metadata in the form of social tagging over professional knowledge organization in the form of subject representation are discussed, and in the end dismissed as an adequate replacement or alternative for the latter. The results of this study show that social tagging presents users with more diverse access points than those created within a controlled vocabulary system. However, while some of the social tags are more specific and in some ways inclusive, most of the tags consist of general terms describing the works of fiction. This is a two years master’s thesis.

The aim of this work is to understand the recruitment of candidates to the local representative assembly in the municipality of Täby. The method used is qualitative interviewing, of a total of eight local politicians in Täby. The theory in which this work rest upon is based on a new-institutionalist perspective. Of great importance is the thoughts of the politicians involved in the recrution process, what do they think were the reasons that controlled the order of priority in the party list among the pool of candidates? Were there any obstacles for minorities in the politics like for example foreigners, women or young people? The study is taking it’s departure from the politicians who candidated in the election of 2002-2006 and the ones which are candidating to the election this coming autumn. In conclusion the aim is to understand the reasons that gives some of the candidates electable places to the assembly, and what the actors themselves think are the conclusive qualities that matters the most. Both the Social democrats and the right party (Moderaterna) in Täby thought that the main qualities a candidate needed was to be active in the party activities, and that being active would lead to a broad network and support from the members of the party. The Social democratic party had a formal ambition to have representative lists and used affirmative action to bolster female representation in their lists. Moderaterna didn’t use the same system but in reality they had an informal method of assuring a good representation of people in their lists. In general the persons involved in this study didn't perceived any discrimination against any individual because of external attributes, and the main issue was to increase the representation within their parties.