La presente tesis tiene como finalidad proponer la transformación digital del proceso de acopio de leche, utilizando IoT, acrónimo de Internet of Things, y mejoras en procesos del área de Tecnologías de la Información (TI), con el fin de asegurar el soporte tecnológico de la mencionada transformación. El acopio de leche es uno de los principales procesos en una empresa dedicada a la elaboración de productos lácteos y la aplicación de esta transformación junto con herramientas complementarias como aplicaciones web, apps móviles y analítica, está directamente relacionada al objetivo específico de optimizar los procesos de las áreas productivas de la empresa, el cual también se vincula al objetivo estratégico de lograr en tres años un margen de EBITDA del 12%, EBITDA es un acrónimo de Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization. Adicionalmente, se mejorarán los procesos de TI, con el fin de asegurar la transformación del proceso mencionado, para lo cual nos apoyaremos en el marco de trabajo COBIT 5, COBIT es el acrónimo de Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies. Este marco ayuda a los profesionales de TI con el gobierno, la gestión y el control de sus áreas. Al interior de COBIT 5 encontramos el marco de referencia COBIT PAM, del acrónimo Process Assessment Model. Este modelo es utilizado como herramienta de COBIT para determinar el nivel de capacidad y madurez de los procesos de TI. Finalmente, se presentarán los resultados del proyecto propuesto, con el fin de determinar los beneficios entregados a la empresa. / The purpose of this thesis is to propose the digital transformation of the milk collection process, using IoT, acronym for Internet of Things, and improvements in processes of the Information Technology (IT) area, in order to ensure the technological support of the transformation. Milk collection is one of the main processes in a company dedicated to the production of dairy products and the application of this transformation together with complementary tools such as web applications, mobile apps and analytics, is directly related to the specific objective of optimizing the processes of In the productive areas of the company, which is also linked to the strategic objective of achieving an EBITDA margin of 12% in three years, EBITDA is an acronym for Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization. Additionally, IT processes will be improved, in order to ensure the transformation of the process, for which we will rely on the COBIT 5 framework, COBIT is the acronym for Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies. This framework helps IT professionals with the government, management and control of their areas. Inside COBIT 5 we find the COBIT PAM reference framework, of the acronym Process Assessment Model. This model is used as a COBIT tool to determine the level of capacity and maturity of IT processes. Finally, the results of the proposed project will be presented, in order to determine the benefits delivered to the company. / Tesis

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka människors uppfattningar av den egna yrkesrelaterade digitala mognaden och den egna inställningen till arbete. Därtill hör att klargöra huruvida det föreligger ett samband mellan den digitala mognaden och inställningen. Underlaget är en enkätundersökning till sysselsatta individer bosatta i Sverige. Studien bygger på totalt 319 besvarade enkätformulär. Den digitala mognaden kategoriseras som antingen låg eller hög och avser hur digitalt mogna individerna upplever sig vara i sin roll som yrkesutövare. Med inställningen till arbete avses dels inställningen till arbete utan annan jämförelse, dels satt i relation till annat i livet. Det kan här talas om arbetets absoluta centralitet respektive relativa centralitet. Inställningen kategoriseras därtill som antingen instrumentell eller engagerad. Studiens resultat visar att den yrkesrelaterade digitala mognaden överlag kan antas vara förhållandevis välutvecklad, det vill säga hög. Resultatet visar även att de flesta uppvisar ett starkt engagemang i arbetet absolut sett. Arbetet visar sig däremot ha en mer undanskymd plats i relation till andra livsaspekter. Inställningen tenderar då att i större utsträckning vara instrumentell. Den instrumentella inställningen visar sig samtidigt vara den mest utbredda inställningen när samtliga aspekter av inställningen till arbete slås samman. Beträffande förhållandet mellan den digitala mognaden och inställningen framträder inget tydligt samband. Det är dock möjligt att urskilja att de individer som kan antas ha en hög digital mognad tenderar att ha en engagerad inställning till arbete, medan de individer som kan antas ha en låg digital mognad tenderar att ha en instrumentell inställning till arbete.

Overall traffic in Germany is constantly increasing. Automobiles account for 57 percent of all trips in the country (BMVI, 2018). Steady population growth, urban agglomeration, and sprawl of cities contribute significantly to this trend. Simultaneously, the rise of digital services is progressively complementing travel by route planning, navigation, and ticketing. Therefore, a redesign and reinterpretation of the traditional understanding of the mobility landscape is required. The purpose of this work is twofold. First, to investigate the effects of digital transformation on people’s mobility behavior in public space, arguing for ecosystems in blended space being a consequence of the digital transformation at large. Second, to explore how social participation can lead to societal change for sustainable travel in the context of digital transformation. Digital technology has blurred the boundaries between physical and digital. Although physical and digital spaces are treated as separate parts, the former relates to the success of the latter. Qualitative interviewing was applied to systematically create an understanding about key actors’ roles and interdependencies as well as their perspective on how digital technologies modify today’s mobility landscape. This work concludes that the digital transformation allows individuals to influence travel demand purposefully. The system’s underlying structure reveals travel as purposive demand, a pattern extending the understanding of travel as a derived demand and valued activity. The Multi-Layered Participatory Process (MLPP), developed on the basis of the study’s findings, provides means to enable large scale social acceptance for sustainable mobility behavior.

In today’s highly digital world a great undertaking for organizations is the transformation of value processes from the classical analog to the modern digital. How and when does this transformation unfold and could digital innovations within sales processes be a driving force for this transformation. For companies striving to achieve such change how and when transformation is possible is an important question to answer. Drawing on extent research through Vial (2019) and Skog (2019) on digital transformation, we aim to answer this question with a multiple case study design covering five different organizations with ties to a consulting firm that provides digital innovation in the form of Search Engine Optimization, web-site development and sales process development. Using the assumption that the disruption has already happened and that companies need to be ambidextrous we analyze our empirical material through key constructs in Vial’s (2019) process model of digital transformation to get a broader understanding of how and when these innovation processes facilitates responses to environmental change by resulting in digital transformation. We find that within some of these organizations a digital transformation has happened through the innovation process, but we also find that some companies are hindered in the transformation by external variables

With more than 5 million people sick and 300 thousand dead, the global economy has experienced an economic shock more severe than the financial crisis of 2008. The sudden emergence of COVID-19 as a global threat came at a time when a significant percentage of businesses are divided in their degree of digital maturity. The pandemic forced organizations to make digitalization and digital transformation a rapid strategic focus. One of the most important aspects of this transformation has been providing remote infrastructure that can support an entirely digital workforce. Besides this urgent need of digital technology, the situation has resulted in a need of leaders who might need very different competencies and behaviours than leaders needed a couple of years ago. The lack of literature on digital leadership in crisis and empirical research describing the impact of digital transformation on leadership called the authors for further exploration. The primary purpose of this thesis was to investigate the adaptation of managers to the rapid digitalization of their day to day assignments caused by the outbreak of COVID-19. In addition, the thesis also sought to explore how high digitalization and digital leadership could function as a vital part of building a crisis-resistant organization against future pandemics. To fulfil the purpose, the following research question was identified: How does a crisis affect digital leadership? The study was conducted through interviews with the management committee of one of the divisions at L’Oréal Group in the Nordics. The empirical findings of this study suggest that managers that lead their teams using digital tools require specific social and task-related skills in order to efficiently communicate with their team in times of crisis. In addition, the findings frame the COVID-19 pandemic as a driver of organizational change towards digitalization and digital transformation. It is concluded that organizations that have the necessary digital infrastructure, digitally skilled workforce and agile operations have and will be more prepared for similar types of events in the future. Correspondingly, this study provides further understanding of digital leadership by researching it in the context of crisis and by providing practical recommendations of how to establish a pandemic-proof business continuity model.

På uppdrag av företaget Soleil IT ska denna uppsats redogöra för användning av digital IT teknik inom byggindustrin baserat på tre grundläggande behov: intern kommunikation, samarbete och dokumenthantering. Uppsatsens syfte fokuserar på hur företag inom byggindustrin kommunicerar och samarbetar internt samt hur de hanterar dokument i nuvarande läge och vad för IT-lösningar de använder och varför dessa IT-lösningar används. Empirin som ligger till grund för uppsatsen baseras på kvalitativa intervjuer av nyckelpersoner från fem byggföretag. Resultatet visar att företag i studien som använder telefon och mejl som primära digitala kommunikationsplattformar för att kommunicera internt på företaget och att de utför fysiska möten. Samtliga företag använder sig av videokonferensprogram för att samarbeta och kommunicera med flera personer samtidigt och att möten fortfarande kan genomföras digitalt och platsoberoende. Samtliga företag som har implementerat intranät presenterar en rad fördelar för den interna kommunikationen samt dokumenthanteringen genom effektivare kommunikationsmöjligheter samt smidigare tillgång och hantering av dokument.

En el 2017 la industria de los seguros de vida y no vida en el Perú facturó cerca de 11,327 millones de soles, un 0.6% más respecto al año anterior (Superintendencia de Banca y Seguros, 2016), y alcanzó un nivel de penetración en el PBI de 1.6%. Esto muestra el amplio espacio de la industria para seguir creciendo, y para seguir ofreciendo productos de cobertura individual y masiva (Equilibrium, 2018), si la comparamos con otros mercados del globo. La industria se basa en una red de distribución de corredores de seguros, conformada principalmente por empresas unipersonales o familiares basadas en esfuerzos comerciales personales en las que el relacionamiento directo o indirecto del dueño de la empresa determina el radio de acción de la compañía. Sin embargo, al tener labores operativas atendidas principalmente por humanos y en formatos impresos físicos, pueden presentarse numerosos errores durante el ciclo de venta. Para mejorar la productividad de estas empresas, proponemos la creación de Previsor, un Sistema Integrado de Gestión que permitirá a los corredores contar con la información de sus clientes de forma rápida, continua y eficiente desde cualquier dispositivo conectado al internet, ayudando a aumentar sus ventas cruzadas y a manejar sus emisiones de las pólizas. Estimamos que nuestro servicio tendrá un pago mensual de US$ 150.00, mientras que para su inversión estimamos cerca de $500,000.00, un VAN de casi US$ 1.7 millones y una TIR de 253%, lo que será sumamente atractivo para los inversionistas que involucraremos a lo largo del proyecto. / In 2017, the insurance and non-life insurance industry in Peru billed close to 11,327 million Soles, 0.6% more than the previous year (Superintendencia de Banca y Seguros, 2016); and it permeated through the GDP in a 1.6%. This scenario shows the wide potential of the industry to continue growing and to keep offering products of individual and massive coverage (Equilibrium, 2018) if we compare it with other markets of the globe. The industry is based in a distribution network of brokers, which is mainly composed of sole proprietorships or family enterprises based in personal commercial efforts, in which the direct or indirect relationship of the owner determines the action scope of the company. However, as their tasks are mainly attended by humans and in physical printed formats, numerous mistakes can occur during the sales cycle. In order to improve the productivity of these enterprises, we propose the creation of Previsor, an Integrated Management System which will allow the insurance brokers to access to their clients’ information in a fast, continuous, and efficient way. The system can be accessed from any device connected to the internet, which will help the brokers to increase their crossed sales and to manage their policy emissions. We estimate that our service will have a monthly payment of US$ 150.00, an investment of $500,000.00 approximately, an NPV of almost US $ 1.7 million, and an IRR of 253%. These are estimations that can make our project a very attractive opportunity for any future investors. / Trabajo de investigación

The digital transformation has influenced everything from smaller government offices to big corporations, and the journalistic profession is no exception. This study examines what effect digital transformation has had on the journalistic profession in Sweden. We’ve conducted a literature review where we found four techniques that is being used internationally. Based on those techniques and relevant theories we’ve created a theoretical framework, with heavy inspiration from Gregory Vial’s research. An interview study was conducted with five informants, with different position, from different media organizations in Sweden, ranging from nationwide to local news. We found that all news outlets in Sweden we examined use some sort of digital tool to ease their workload or enhance their results. Organizations, for example, used robot journalists to write articles for them, algorithms to build their websites to ease their workload, and data driven journalism to scan great datasets to get results more efficiently.

In our increasingly digital age, the pace of digital transformation requires continuous learning. Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella put it simply when wanting Microsoft to transition from a culture of "know-it-all" to a culture of "learn-it-all". The most valuable commodity for leaders to do is to set an example for lifelong learning and to find opportunities to encourage others to do the same, allowing each employee to take responsibility for skilling up [18]. This study identifies prioritized skills and assesses what skills gaps exist from these. A maturity framework is developed to measure the level of skills within three dimensions “Technical and Digital skills”, “People and organization skills” and “Strategy skills” and is composed of 30 attributes (Table 1). This study uses Sandvik Coromant as a use case for assessing skill gaps and Microsoft as a use case for how to fulfil the gaps. This study contributes to the manufacturing sector by identifying prioritized skills, empirically establishing a maturity framework and providing an evaluation of Sandvik Cormorant’s current skills gap including how to fulfil these skills gaps by programs, tools or initiatives. / I vår alltmer digitala värld kräver takten i digital transformation kontinuerligt lärande. Microsofts vd Satya Nadella uttrycker att Microsoft ska övergå från en kultur av "veta allt" till en kultur av "lära sig allt". Den mest värdefulla tillgången för ledare är att föregå med gott exempel för livslångt lärande och hitta möjligheter att uppmuntra andra att göra detsamma, så att varje anställd kan ta ansvar för kompetensutveckling [18]. Denna studie identifierar prioriterade kompetenser och bedömer vilka kompetensgap som existerar i dessa. Ett mognadsramverk utvecklas för att mäta kompetensnivån inom tre dimensioner ”Tekniska och digitala färdigheter”, ”Människor och organisationsfärdigheter” och “Strategifärdigheter” och består av 30 attribut (tabell 1). Denna studie använder Sandvik Coromant som ett användningsfall för att bedöma kompetensgap och Microsoft som ett användningsfall för hur man ska kunna uppfylla gapen. Denna studie bidrar till tillverkningssektorn genom att identifiera prioriterade färdigheter, empiriskt upprätta ett mognadsramverk och ge en utvärdering av Sandvik Cormorants nuvarande kompetensgap inklusive hur man kan uppfylla dessa kompetensgap genom program, verktyg eller initiativ.

During the last 50 years the newspaper industry has changed rapidly. The digitalization of society is a driving factor of these changes and have led to a globalization of the newspaper industry. Increasingly, the newspaper industry has gone from only publishing news in a physical form to more digital formats. During this process organizational structures have evolved, and IT is taking a bigger role within this industry. At the same time, customers behavior regarding news reading is changing. Digitalization has led to opportunities for organizations to analyze these changes through Big Data. Despite all of these changes, not much have happened regarding work with customer insights. As a result, the newspaper industry has lagged behind regarding customer insights. To utilize the possibilities with digital customer insights, organization strategies, goals and competence have become more relevant. This study focuses on creating a deeper understanding for challenges and conditions organizations within the newspaper industry have to address in their work with digital customer insight. To create this understanding, the study focuses on current research regarding digital transformation, innovation and change management. As well as, providing guidelines for how organizations can develop digital customer insights and integrate these within the organization.