Possuir uma interface que oferece uma boa experiência do usuário tornou-se um fator crítico para o sucesso em sistemas de informação. As diferenças culturais, no entanto, podem ter um impacto significativo em sua experiência, mas raramente são levadas em consideração durante o projeto interface e avaliação, particularmente no Brasil, um país multicultural de dimensões continentais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar se as diferenças culturais entre as cinco macrorregiões socioeconômica do Brasil são profundas o suficiente para afetar a experiência do usuário em interfaces baseadas na Web e, em caso afirmativo, como. Foi realizado um experimento com 110 participantes, 22 por região, em cinco capitais brasileiras: Belém, Salvador, Goiânia, São Paulo e Porto Alegre. Comparou-se as diferenças culturais identificadas pelo VSM, instrumento de mapeamento de dimensões culturais criado por Hofstede, com o desempenho em tarefas e a avaliação, utilizando o questionário de experiência de uso QUIS, de um sistema bancário fictício Internet. As diferenças culturais foram identificadas e correlacionadas com as diferenças na experiência do usuário, particularmente no que diz respeito à quantidade de informação e cores exibidas na interface. / Having an interface that provides a good user experience has become a critical factor for success in information systems. Cultural differences, however, may have a significant impact in this experience, but are seldom taken into account during interface design and evaluation, particularly in Brazil, a multicultural country with continental dimensions. Our goal was to investigate whether the cultural differences between the five socio-economical macro-regions of Brazil are profound enough to impact user experience in web-based interfaces and, if so, how. An experiment with 110 participants, 22 per region, was conducted in five Brazilian state capitals: Belém, Salvador, Goiânia, São Paulo and Porto Alegre. We compared the cultural differences identified by VSM, a cultural dimensions mapping tool created by Hofstede, with performance on tasks and user experience evaluations, using the QUIS questionnaire, of a fictitious Internet Banking System. Cultural differences were identified and correlated with differences in user experience, particularly in regards to the amount of information and colors shown in the interface.

Bakgrund: Kvinnor upplever menstruationscykeln olika, men majoriteten verkar påverkas i någon utsträckning. Det kan vara såväl psykiska- som fysiska besvär. Genom cykeln fluktuerar hormoner som verkar kunna påverka fysisk prestation enligt vissa studier. Avsaknaden av studier som undersöker hur kvinnor upplever fysisk prestation under sin menstruationscykel motiverade till genomförandet av denna studie. Syfte: Att undersöka fysiskt aktiva kvinnors upplevelse av träning under menstruationscykeln och dess inverkan på den fysiska prestationen. Metod: En kvalitativ design användes. Semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex stycken fertila, fysiskt aktiva kvinnor med regelbunden menstruation senaste året genomfördes. Materialet bearbetades genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys enligt Graneheims och Lundmans induktiva metod. Resultatsammanfattning: Fyra huvudkategorier identifierades; “variation i sinnesstämning”, “motivation”, “anpassning”och “prestationsvariation”. Kategorierna beskrev faktorer som påverkade den fysiska prestationen under menstruationscykeln. Menstruation beskrevs ofta med symptom som hade en negativ effekt på träning och ägglossning det motsatta, men upplevelserna varierade. Slutsats: Kvinnor som är fysiskt aktiva verkar uppleva en påverkan på fysisk prestation på grund av menstruationscykeln. Det verkar också som att den påverkan som upplevs förändrar sig beroende på cykelns faser. Det är dock ej helt klarlagt om denna påverkan är en faktisk fysisk försämring eller enbart en upplevelse av fysisk försämring. / Background: Women experience the menstrual cycle differently, but a majority seems to be affected to some extent. It can be psychological- as well as physical symptoms. Through the menstrual cycle, hormone levels changes, that seem to have an impact on physical performance according to some studies. The absence of studies investigating how women experience physical performance during their menstrual cycle motivated the implementation of this study. Purpose: To investigate the experience of exercise during menstrual cycle and its effect on physical performance in women who are physically active Method: A qualitative design was used. Semi-structured interviews with six fertil, physically active women, regularly menstruating during the last year. A qualitative content analysis was used according to Graneheim and Lundman´s inductive strategy. Results: Four categories were identified; "mood variation", "motivation", "adjustment" and "performance variation". The categories described factors that influenced the physical performance during the menstrual cycle. Menstruation were often described with symptoms that had a negative effect on exercise and ovulation the opposite, but experiences variated. Conclusion: It seems as women who are physically active experience an impact on physical performance due to the menstrual cycle. It also seems that the impact they experience changes depending on phase in the menstrual cycle. However, it's not entirely clear whether this influence always really is a physical deterioration or just an experience of a physical deterioration.

Thesis advisor: Andrew Hargreaves / This exploratory case study examines the experience of twelve women teachers who taught in two state-controlled school districts that had been taken over by the state authorities due to low academic performance and operational mismanagement. The qualitative methodology of exploratory comparative case analysis allowed for the consideration of the two districts as two parts of the same case, and the foundation for future research in this field (Streb, 2010). Twelve semi-structured interviews, teacher climate survey responses, and fifty-three state government documents were analyzed using an iterative coding process (Yin, 2015, pp. 196-197; Saldaña, 2015). The analysis found that structural and cultural barriers prevented the study participants from succeeding personally and professionally. Their skills as experienced educators were under-utilized and their perspectives as women were not acknowledged. Structurally, the internal organization of the districts asked a great deal of the teachers without recognizing them as professionals or women. Culturally, their gender identities as women placed them at a disadvantage with school and district leadership. The gendered barriers were woven into the fabric of the workplace so that the women teachers were unable to have access to those with power or influence. This study lays the groundwork for larger research endeavors on women in state-controlled schools, as well as policy implications for the state control of public schools and school turnaround. This study contributes to the field by specifically bringing women teachers’ voices into the discussion of school reform and improvement. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Teacher Education, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction.

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Sammanfattning Bakgrund I dagens moderna samhälle blir barn och ungdomar allt mer stillasittande och fysiskt inaktiva än tidigare. Enligt studier uppnår så få som 15 % av svenska 15-åringar världshälsoorganisationens (WHO) rekommendationer för fysisk aktivitet. Fysisk inaktivitet ökar risken för flertalet sjukdomstillstånd. Mycket forskning finns angående aktivitetsnivån bland ungdomar men bristfällig data kring hur ungdomar upplever fysisk aktivitet.   Syfte Denna studie syftar till att utforska hur gymnasieelever som inte uppnår WHO:s rekommendationer för fysisk aktivitet upplever att vara fysiskt aktiva samt hur de upplever gällande rekommendationer.   Design och metod En kvalitativ intervjustudie med semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes på sex stycken gymnasieelever, varav tre var kvinnor och tre var män. Den slutgiltiga undersökningsgruppen bestod av fem personer. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys av datamaterialet gjordes.   Resultat och konklusion Av studien framkom att motivation och uppskattad aktivitet upplevdes som förutsättningar för att fysisk aktivitet genomfördes. Den aktivitet som utfördes var ofta i samband med skola eller tillsammans med vänner. Skolrelaterad stress uppgavs som den främsta anledningen till utebliven fysisk aktivitet. Studiens resultat visade att deltagarna upplevde fysisk aktivitet som något positivt samtidigt som de inte rör sig i enlighet med WHO:s rekommendationer. Denna ambivalens upplever författarna som intressant och mer forskning borde göras på ämnet. / Abstract   Background In today’s society, children and adolescents are less physical active than previous generations. Studies show, as few as 15% of Swedish 15-year olds obtain the amount of daily physical activity as recommended by The world health organization (WHO). Physical inactivity is a contributing factor to many different diagnoses. Research has been done about levels of physical activity among adolescents, although hardly any studies on the experience of being physically active.   Aim/method The aim of this study is to investigate the experience of being physical active among 16 - 17 year olds who do not obtain the recommendations of WHO and their view on the recommendations. Six semi-structured interviews were conducted for this qualitative interview study. The data was analyzed using a qualitative content analysis.   Results/conclusion This study shows that motivation and appreciated activity is of great importance for being physically active. Physical activity performed by the selection group were mainly school related. School related stress was the main reason for physical activity not being performed. The results shows that the participants have a positive attitude towards physical activity still they are not achieving the recommendations from WHO. The authors believe this ambivalence should be studied further.

O presente estudo avaliou (1) a memória espacial de ratas Wistar expostas a diferentes formas de experiência maternal [primiparidade (PRIM), sensibilização maternal pela exposição a filhotes adotivos (SENS) e primiparidade com privação de contato com os filhotes por 6 horas diárias (PRIV), em comparação com a nuliparidade (NUL)] em tarefas espaciais de memórias de referência e operacional no labirinto aquático de Morris. Os resultados revelaram ausência de diferenças quando os animais são avaliados após o desmame dos filhotes, enquanto que o período de contato com os mesmos resultou em comportamentos relacionados à ansiedade em ratas SENS. Adicionalmente, ratas PRIV exibiram melhor desempenho no teste de memória operacional, possivelmente devido a um efeito de enriquecimento ambiental pela exposição intermitente e contínua aos filhotes durante o período de lactação. Ainda, comparou- se (2) o desempenho de ratas PRIM e NUL das linhagens Wistar (W) e Sprague-Dawley (SDW) nas mesmas tarefas comportamentais no labirinto aquático. As ratas PRIM-SDW exibiram melhores desempenhos em relação às NUL-SDW e também em relação às PRIM-W no teste de memória de referência, enquanto que no teste de memória operacional, as ratas PRIM-SWD exibiram um desempenho superior em relação às PRIM-W. Adicionalmente, ratas SWD, independentemente da experiência maternal, exibiram estratégias de busca mais eficientes para cumprir a tarefa. Por fim, (3) avaliou-se o desempenho de ratas PRIM e NUL da linhagem SWD expostas a um ambiente enriquecido (AE) em comparação com ratas PRIM e NUL mantidas em gaiolas comuns de laboratório (STD) em tarefas de localização e reconhecimento de objetos, bem como as taxas de neurogênese hipocampal desses animais. Os resultados mostraram que as ratas PRIM-AE foram mais sensíveis à alteração na disposição espacial de um objeto familiar em comparação com as NUL-AE. Adicionalmente, as ratas NUL e STD exibiram mais comportamentos relacionados com ansiedade e estresse. Os resultados anatômicos mostraram que a experiência maternal e a exposição ao AE por 45 dias não geraram alterações na neurogênese hipocampal em ratas SWD. Estes resultados mostram que diferentes formas de experiência maternal exercem alterações distintas sobre o comportamento de ratas, de forma dependente do momento em que os animais são avaliados e da linhagem de ratas utilizadas. Adicionalmente, mostram que o AE gera alterações de memória espacial e produz efeitos ansiolíticos, particularmente em ratas PRIM. / Maternal experience in rats induces changes in brain and behavior. This study compared (1) spatial memory performances of primiparous (PRIM), pup-induced maternal behaviors (SENS), 6h/daily pup-deprived primiparous (DEP) and nuliparous (NUL) Wistar rats in the reference and working memory versions of the Morris water maze task. No differences were found when the animals were tested after pup\'s weaning/exposure. On the other hand, lactation/pup exposure period induced anxiety-like behaviors in SENS rats when tested during this period. In addition, DEP rats showed better performances in the working memory task, which may be an \"environmental enrichment effect\" due the intermittent exposure to the offspring during lactation. We also compared (2) spatial performances of PRIM and NUL rats from 2 different strains, e, Wistar (W) and Sprague-Dawley (SDW) in the same tasks described in the first experiment. The results showed better performances of PRIM-SDW groups relative to both NUL-SWD and PRIM-W in the reference memory task, while PRIM-SWD outperformed PRIM-W rats in the working memory task. Additionally, SWD rats, regardless their reproductive status, showed better performance in relation to their search strategies to find the hidden platform. Lastly, we (3) evaluated performances of PRIM and NUL Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to an enriched environment (EE) compared to NUL and PRIM rats housed in standard laboratory cages (STD) in an object placement and object recognition task. All groups were injected with BrdU in order to assess hippocampal cell proliferation, differentiation/migration, and cell survival in these animals. In the place object task, PRIM-AE rats exhibited better performances compared to NUL-AE rats. In addition, NUL and STD rats showed more anxiety and stress-related behaviors. The anatomical data showed no differences among all groups, indicating that enriched environment in a regimen of 45 days exposure or maternal experience had no influence on the hippocampal neurogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rats. Taken together, these data show that different forms of maternal experience in rats induce different effects on behavior, in a time and strain-dependent manner. Also, the results showed that exposure to an enriched environment induced spatial memory alterations and anxyolitic effects, mainly in PRIM rats.

How can user experience as means support people in their struggle to keep up with their stressful life. This thesis cover how user experience can be used as method to develop a application that in short term reduce everyday stress, and in long term support a sustainable development. A literature study was conducted what stress is and what impact it has on people, also a compilation of sustainable development in everyday life together with the theory of user experience on a mobile platform was made. To create a prototype of a mobile application an iterative design process been conducted by design, test and evaluate prototypes in three stage from paper prototypes, lo-fi to hi-fi. Finally interactive prototype of a mobile application were created with functionality that reduce stress among people in their everyday life.  This applications functionality to ease the burden on chores that frequently accrued in the user study as source of stress. Mainly related to laundry, cleaning and food chores.

A profissionalização da docência, elemento partícipe dos processos de racionalização e modernização da escola e da sociedade, é entendida como um percurso sócio-histórico que apresenta como eixo a busca por um status social de profissão ao magistério. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho apresenta e analisa a Lei nº 2.338/1954, primeiro Estatuto exclusivo ao magistério estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, importante momento na profissionalização da categoria docente sul-rio-grandense. Para tal, analisou-se o texto a partir das discussões de Pierre Bourdieu a respeito do Estado, bem como as construções teóricas de E. P. Thompson sobre a Lei e suas ferramentas de legitimação simbólica. O estudo realizado a partir do Estatuto de 1954 apontou que, mesmo com os avanços na profissionalização da docência materializados no texto legal, houve a permanência de elementos que remetem à docência como ação vocacionada, hierarquização entre os âmbitos público e privado, vinculação entre magistério e gênero feminino, interferência estatal na experiência docente, o que implicou em oposições à profissionalização da categoria docente, atuando de forma contrária à valorização social do magistério. A fim de observar as possibilidades de atuação do magistério na busca pela profissionalização da categoria, bem como a atuação das categorias de Estado na experiência do professorado, foi utilizado o conceito de experiência de E. P. Thompson e tomado como fonte o documento “Suely de Oliveira: Perfil Biográfico, Depoimentos e Discursos (1915-1994)” Suely de Oliveira foi professora estadual e a primeira mulher deputada sul-rio-grandense, eleita em 1950. A partir da análise dos discursos proferidos pela Deputada, percebeu-se a inserção na Assembleia Legislativa das discussões sobre profissionalização do magistério partindo da compreensão da docência como ação vocacionada, para posteriormente pontuar os debates sobre carreira e remuneração a partir de marcos racionais. Suely de Oliveira apresentou reivindicações do magistério estadual gaúcho pela necessidade de elaboração de um Estatuto exclusivo à categoria docente, bem como modos de avaliação dos docentes a partir de referências racionais e burocráticas. Ainda, ao proceder a análise dos depoimentos produzidos sobre a Deputada por seus contemporâneos, foi possível perceber que as categorias afirmadas sobre o magistério e o feminino, como paciência, abnegação, moralidade e atuação no espaço doméstico formaram características legitimadoras da atuação política de Suely de Oliveira. / The professionalization of the teaching, an element that is part of the process of the rationalization and modernization of the school and the society, it’s understood as a sociohistorical process which present as an axis the search for a social status as profession to the state teaching. Thereby, the aim of this study is to score the Law 2338/1954, the first exclusive Statute to the Teaching of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, as a mark in the professionalization of the state teaching. For this purpose, the text is analyzed based on Pierre Bourdieu discussions about The State as well as the theoretical constructions from E. P Thompson on The Law and its tools of legitimacy symbolic constructions. As the results of this work, it is signalized that, even with some advances in the professionalization of the teaching materialized by the Statute, repeated elements that refer to teaching as a devoted action, ranking between the public and the private sphere, the link between teaching and female gender cause oppositions to the professionalization of the teaching category, acting in a contrary way to the social valorization of the teaching. In order to make an observation about the possibilities of the action on teaching of the in the searching for the professionalization of the category, as well as in the State categories in the teaching experience, it was used the concept of experience from E. P. Thompson and was taken the text “Suely de Oliveira: Perfil Biográfico, Depoimentos e Discursos (1915-1994)” as a source Suely de Oliveira was a state teacher and the first congresswoman from Rio Grande do Sul, elected in 1950. It was noted, from the analysis of the Congresswoman speeches, an insertion about professionalization of the Teaching starting from the teaching comprehension as a devoted action, to subsequently point out debates about professional career and remuneration from rational frameworks. Suely de Oliveira presented demands of the state teaching for a strong need to construct an exclusive Statute to the teaching category, as well as forms of evaluation of the teachers from the rational and bureaucratic references. Furthermore, proceeding the interview analyses produced by her contemporaries about the Congresswoman, was possible to tell that the features said about the Teaching and the feminine, as patience, self-denial, morality and acting in the household spaces had formed features of legitimacy in the Suely de Oliveira political activity.

Este estudo descreve as histórias de dez jovens, que vivenciaram a maternidade na faixa etária de 10-14 anos de idade, no município de Mairiporã, SP, no período de agosto de 2004 a agosto de 2005. Tendo como objetivo “(re) conhecer o significado da maternidade para jovens que vivenciaram a experiência, a partir do processo de compreensão de suas histórias de vida”, e refletir sobre as condições de vulnerabilidade, procedemos a um estudo de análise qualitativa, utilizando como procedimentos metodológicos a técnica de história oral, para coleta de dados e, para a análise do material, a técnica de análise de conteúdo. As entrevistas, gravadas e transcritas integralmente e posteriormente recortadas para análise, foram realizadas com jovens, identificadas a partir de declarações de nascidos vivos, obtidos junto ao Cartório de Registro Civil de Mairiporã. Os achados foram analisados, contemplando dois momentos: antes do nascimento do bebê e após o nascimento do bebê, adotando categorias temáticas específicas. A primeira parte aborda a vivencia da infância, a família e o relacionamento familiar, o ficar mocinha, o namoro, a gravidez, as reações à gravidez, o pré-natal e o parto. A segunda parte refere-se a vivencia da jovem após o nascimento do bebê, os cuidados com o bebê, o relacionamento com o parceiro, o relacionamento mãe-filho, as dificuldades, o significado da maternidade, os sonhos, mensagem para adolescentes e para pais. As histórias detalham como se deu o desenrolar de suas vidas dentro do seu contexto histórico e social, contemplando o processo de desenvolvimento desde a infância, a passagem pela adolescência, com as características próprias, quando engravidou até o momento presente no papel de mãe. O significado da maternidade para as jovens foi evidenciado por quatro eixos centrais: felicidade por ser mãe, senso de responsabilidade, sentimento de arrependimento e perdas e mudanças em suas vidas. Os sonhos se expressaram em vontade de estudar, trabalhar, ter uma casa e independência dos pais. As mensagens dirigidas a adolescentes foram para que se previnam para não engravidar, usando preservativo, tomando pílula, que tenham juízo e não percam a juventude; e, a pais, que conversem mais com os filhos e não sejam violentos, autoritários ou omissos, e que as mães orientem mais seus filhos. / This study describes the stories of ten young girls aged 10-14 years who experienced motherhood in the city of Mairiporã, São Paulo, during the period between August 2004 and August 2005. Once the objective was to “know the meaning of maternity of young girls who have lived this experience by considering the understanding process of their life stories”, and to reflect on vulnerability conditions, and a qualitative study was carried out by adopting oral history technique for data collection and content analysis technique for data analysis. The interviews were recorded, fully transcribed and prepared for analysis. They were conducted with young girls, identified by birth certificates from a registry office in Mairiporã. The findings were analyzed according to two distinguished periods: before and after the baby’s birth. The first one describes childhood experience, family relationship, first period, dating, pregnancy, prenatal care and delivery. The second one refers to baby care, partner relationship, mother-child relationship, difficulties, the meaning of maternity, dreams and advice for adolescents and parents. The stories detail their lives within their historical and social contexts from childhood to adolescence, including its peculiarities, and from pregnancy to the present role of mother. Four thematic categories signifying maternity were revealed: happiness for being a mother, sense of responsibility, feelings of regret and loss and changes in their lives. Wishes were expressed by the willingness to study, work, have their own home and be independent from parents. The messages addressed to adolescents draw attention to prevention: condom use, use of contraceptive pills, being reasonable and not loosing their youth. The messages addressed to parents include more dialogue with children and absence of violence, authoritarianism and negligence. Also, mothers are expected to give their children a stronger sense of direction.

Endometrios förekommer hos tio procent av kvinnorna i reproduktiv ålder och karakteriseras av att livmoderslemhinnan felaktigt växer utanför livmodern. Det är vanligt att det tar lång tid att få en diagnos och det påverkar kvinnorna både emotionellt och fysiskt. Sjukdomen är kronisk och trots att det finns många olika behandlingsformer är symtomen ofta svåra att bli av med. Att leva med endometrios är en subjektiv upplevelse och det är därför viktigt att sjuksköterskan ger individanpassad och adekvat vård. Kvinnornas situation behöver beaktas för att kunna lindra deras lidande. Syftet var att belysa kvinnors upplevelse av att leva med endometrios. Metoden för studien har varit en litteraturöversikt. Skillnader och likheter jämfördes i de tio resultatartiklarna. Artiklarna har varit av både kvantitativ och kvalitativ design och inhämtades från databaserna PubMed, Cinahl Complete och Academic Search Complete. Ur resultatet framkom fyra teman. Det första temat var Kvinnors välbefinnande med två subteman; Fysik välbefinnande och Psykiskt välbefinnande. Det andra temat var Ekonomiska svårigheter med följande subteman; Sjukfrånvaro och Arbete. Det tredje temat var Förlust av femininitet med två subteman; Sexuell hälsa och Infertilitet. Det fjärde och sista temat var Socialt med kommande två subteman; Relationer till närstående och Betydelsen av stöd. Upplevelsen av att leva med endometrios var förenat med otillräcklig hjälp mot smärta. Hälso- och sjukvården har ett ansvar att ta kvinnans upplevelse på allvar och se till varje unik situation. Det styrks även av Jean Watsons “Human caring science nursing paradigm” där sjuksköterskan behöver arbeta utifrån ett helhetsperspektiv. / Endometriosis occurs in ten percent of the women in reproductive age and is characterized by the endometrium incorrectly grows outside the uterus. It normally takes a long time to get a diagnose which affects the women both emotionally and physically. The disease is chronic and although there are many different therapies the symptoms are often difficult to get rid of. Living with endometriosis is a subjective experience and it is therefore important that the nurse provides personalized and adequate care. The women's situation needs to be considered to alleviate their suffering. The aim was to illuminate the women's experience of living with Endometriosis. The method of the study has been a literature review. Differences and similarities were compared in the ten results articles. The articles have been of both quantitative and qualitative design and were collected from databases PubMed, Cinahl Complete and Academic Search Complete. Four results emerged from the result. The first theme was Women's well-being with two subtemens; Physical well-being and mental well-being. The second theme was Economic difficulties with the following subtemes; Sick leave and work. The third theme was Loss of femininity with two subtemens; Sexual Health and Infertility. The fourth and last theme was Social with upcoming two subtemens; Relationships with related parties and the importance of support. The experience of living with endometriosis was associated with insufficient help against pain. Healthcare is responsible for taking the women's experience seriously and see to every unique situation. It is also reinforced by Jean Watson's "human caring science nursing paradigm" where the nurse needs to work from an overall perspective.