Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:52:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA ANGELICA CEZARIO.pdf: 918805 bytes, checksum: 6d5f1ab42829aa3b9ca25e527f512f56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-28 / This dissertation aims to reflect the childhood from a possible concept of experience in Jean-Jacques Rousseau panorama of a education that promotes the construction of a more authentic and compassionate man, approaching the concept of experience in Walter Benjamin. This follows a bibliographical methodology wich dialogues with topics related to childhood, experience, maternity, etc., early childhood education, referenced in several authors. The first chapter intendes to show a little bit of the history of childhood, and of the three main philosophical currents have influenced the vision children and childhood: platonic, augustinian and cartesianismo. The second chapter presents the basic elements of negative education human formation and the experience of this education, which will be the basis for the formation of the reason later particularly in the first three chapters of the book Emilio or Education. The third chapter brings a reflection of the experience concept in of Walter Benjamin studies, the construction of a man who stands outside the events of life without trivialize it, hoe the toy can serve as an instrument for the development of the experience and construction of the language. It is also pointed out in Giorgio Agamben the idea of childhood as the primary place to experience a man more humanized and that uses the language to build themself. / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo refletir a infância a partir de um possível conceito de experiência em Jean-Jacques Rousseau no panorama de uma educação que favorece a construção de um homem mais autêntico e humanizado, aproximando-o do conceito de experiência em Walter Benjamin. Para isso, segue uma metodologia bibliográfica fazendo um diálogo com temas relacionados à infância, maternidade, experiência, Educação Infantil etc., referenciados em diversos autores. O primeiro capítulo destina-se a mostrar um pouco da história da infância, do brinquedo e das três principais correntes filosóficas que influenciaram a visão de criança e infância: platônica, agostiniana e cartesiana. O segundo capítulo apresenta os elementos fundamentais da educação negativa, formação humana e experiência rousseauniana nesta educação, a qual será a base para a formação da razão posteriormente, sobretudo nos três primeiros capítulos do livro Emílio ou Da Educação. O terceiro capítulo traz uma reflexão do conceito de experiência em Walter Benjamin para a construção de um homem que se posiciona frente os acontecimentos da vida sem banalizá-los, como o brinquedo pode servir de instrumento para a elaboração da experiência e construção da linguagem. Também é salientado em Giorgio Agamben a ideia da infância como o lugar primordial da experiência para a efetivação de um homem mais humanizado e que utiliza a linguagem para se constituir.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:53:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA DA GUIA ALVES RODRIGUES.pdf: 1349183 bytes, checksum: f837bee82e432e39ebedf10317715dda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-28 / This work, inscribed in the line of research Education and Culture, has as study object the toy as childhood experience. It is a bibliographic nature of research and has Walter Benjamin as the main reference. He tried to articulate the stories of childhood and toys, from, especially, the works "childs social history and family" and "History of the toy and games: play through the ages" of Philippe Aries and Michel Manson, respectively and learn how the concepts of childhood and toys were created and modified as the child entered the school universe. The school, which was constituted as needs related to the child "school", deserves mention because it is a place where the toy was reframed from a focused approach to teaching and learning. The concept of experience was questioned from the reflections of Walter Benjamin and John Dewey (2010). The objective of from these, think the toy as space experience, either as an act of creation, whether as a learning tool. At the end, we intend to state that the object "toy", childhood companion, is an element with many possibilities, including that of possible experience, that when the child can exercise with total freedom and creativity the activity of play. / O presente trabalho, inscrito na linha de pesquisa Cultura e Educação, tem como objeto de estudo o brinquedo como experiência na infância. É uma pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico e tem Walter Benjamin como sua principal referência. Procurouse articular as histórias da infância e do brinquedo, a partir, especialmente, das obras História social da criança e da família e História do brinquedo e dos jogos: brincar através dos tempos de Philipe Ariès e Michel Manson, respectivamente, e apreender como os conceitos de infância e brinquedo foram criados e modificados à medida que a criança adentrou no universo escolar. A escola, que se constituiu a partir de necessidades ligadas à criança escolar , merece destaque por se tratar de um local onde o brinquedo foi ressignificado a partir de uma perspectiva voltada ao ensino-aprendizagem. O conceito de experiência foi problematizado a partir das reflexões de Walter Benjamin e de John Dewey (2010). Objetivou-se, a partir destas, pensar o brinquedo como espaço de experiência, seja como ato de criação, seja como instrumento de aprendizagem. Ao final, pretende-se afirmar que o objeto brinquedo , companheiro da infância, é um elemento com muitas possibilidades, entre elas a de possibilitar experiência, isso quando a criança pode exercer com total liberdade e criatividade a atividade do brincar.

Bakgrund: Personer med missbruk och/eller beroende finns i samhället och är en ökande grupp. Sjukdomar till följd av missbruk och/eller beroende av alkohol eller droger leder till behov av vård i olika vårdenheter. Syfte: Syfte är att sammanställa kunskap om sjuksköterskans erfarenhet av omvårdnad kring patienter med missbruk- och/eller beroende av alkohol eller droger i somatisk vård. Metod: Litteraturöversiktens resultat bygger på 11 vetenskapliga artiklar. Kanada, USA, Taiwan, England, Australien, Chile och Israel är de länder som är representerade i resultatet. Artiklarna är publicerade mellan 2008–2018. Resultat: Utifrån de granskade artiklarna har 4 kategorier framkommit. Kategorierna är sjuksköterskans upplevelse av omvårdnad, attityd, bristande kunskap och arbetsplatsstöd. Resultatet visar att utbildning och arbetsplatsstöd saknas. Utbildning och arbetsplatsstöd krävs för att uppnå en bättre attityd från sjuksköterskan. Slutsats: Slutsatsen av denna litteraturöversikt är att sjuksköterskan behöver stöd och utbildning för att på bästa sätt kunna arbeta utifrån en god attityd gentemot patienter med missbruk och/eller beroende av alkohol eller droger. / Background: People with abuse and/or addiction are present in society and are an increasing group. Diseases due to abuse and/or addiction to alcohol or drugs leads to the need for care in different care units. Aim: The aim is to put together knowledge about the nurse experience of patients with abuse and/or addiction to alcohol or drugs in somatic care. Method: This literature review summarizes results based on 11 academic articles. Canada, USA, Taiwan, England, Australia, Chile and Israel are the countries represented in the results. The articles are published between 2008-2018. Results: Based on the reviewed articles, 4 categories emerged. The categories are nurses experience of care, attitude, lack of knowledge and support at the workplace. The result shows that education and workplace support is lacking. Education and workplace support is required to achieve a better attitude from the nurse. Conclusion: The conclusion of this literature review is that the nurse needs support and education in order to work with a good attitude towards patients with addiction and/or addiction to alcohol or drugs.

Background: Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease which means that the uterine mucosa grows outside the uterine cavity. The disease causes women' pain and affects the quality of life and it takes an average of five to seven years to get the diagnosis established. Aim: The aim of this study was to illustrate women's exeperiences of living with endometriosis. Method: This is a literature study where method to contribute to evidence-based nursing based on analysis of qualitative research was used. Results: Findings in the study showed that women with endometriosis experienced limitations in their daily life. Pain was the most described symptom and women experienced lack of knowledge of themselves and by their surroundings. They risked being misstrusted because of normalization of the symptoms. The women developed strategies to take back control over their lives which helped them to master the disease. Conclusion: In order to provide advice and support, the nurse needs increased knowledge about endometriosis and how it affects the women's lives. It would also reduce the time of delayed diagnosis. / Kvinnor som lever med endometrios kan komma att behöva strukturera om sina liv då deras vardag begränsas. Somliga kvinnorna får inte gehör av den sociala omkretsen och hälso- och sjukvården för de symtom de upplever. För att återfå kontroll över livet utvecklar kvinnorna strategier i hopp om att bemästra sjukdomen. Denna litteraturstudie belyser kvinnors upplevelser av att leva med endometrios. Var tionde kvinna i fertil ålder drabbas av endometrios och sjukdomen är förknippad med sänkt livskvalitet där både kroppslig och psykisk belastning förekommer. I resultatet framkommer att det råder kunskapsluckor om endometrios hos både kvinnan och hälso- och sjukvården. Kvinnorna riskerar att inte bli trodda på då sjukdomen för andra inte är visuellt synlig. De symtomen kvinnan upplever och uttrycker sig om normaliseras i somliga fall av henne själv och hennes omgivning, då symtomen främst syftar till smärta i samband med menstruation. Kunskapsluckor i relation med normalisering av symtomen kan vara en orsak till försening av diagnos och kvinnan utsätts för ett långt vårdförlopp och försämrad livskvalitet. Förmågan att arbeta påverkas och kvinnan kan komma att vara i behov av vila och återhämtning. Ökad frånvaro leder till att kvinnan oroas över att förlora arbetet, då arbetsgivare och kollegor inte alltid tror på de symtom de beskriver. Även samlivet påverkas. På grund av försämrad sexuell funktion och smärtupplevelser vid samlag undviker kvinnor relationer. Kvinnorna oroas över sin fertilitet och risken för infertilitet i framtiden och de kan komma att bli lämnade av sin partner på grund av diagnosen endometrios eller infertilitet. Endometrios kan få kvinnan att känna sig mindre kvinnlig.  Med hjälp av utvecklade strategier återfås kontroll över vardagen. Strategierna ses som styrkande och kvinnan blir mer lyhörd på sin kropp med ökar sitt ansvar för den egna hälsan. Att bemästra sjukdomen hjälper kvinnorna att se på sina kroppar utifrån positiva vinklar och upplevelserna kunde de dela med sig av till andra.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T12:06:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 8 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente tese analisa a experiência com a lepra de doentes do Rio Grande do Sul isolados no Hospital Colônia Itapuã. Procurou-se discutir o processo de isolamento, exclusão e reconstrução da vida na Instituição. Fundado em 1940 o Leprosário isolou doentes de todo o Estado, alguns destes antigos enfermos ainda vivem no Hospital e através da história oral foi possível registrar suas experiências. Do mesmo modo foi possível contatar pessoas que deixaram o Leprosário, assim por meio de duas distintas trajetórias analisou-se o drama médico-social que representava um diagnóstico de lepra há apenas algumas décadas atrás. Lori e GM são os personagens principais desta trama. Ela moradora mais antiga do Itapuã, tem sua história pessoal intimamente ligada à história da Instituição; ele internado nos anos de 1940, vive fora do Hospital há mais de 50 anos, mas sua trajetória foi bastante marcada pela passagem pelo Leprosário e o convívio com esta lembrança. O olhar voltado para estes micro-universos individuais teve a p / The present theses analyses the experience of having leprosy in Rio Grande do Sul and being isolated in the Colony Hospital Itapuã. We aimed at discussing the processes of isolation, exclusion and rebuilding of life inside the institution. Founded in the 1940’s the leprosarium isolated inflicted people from all over the state. Some of them still live in the hospital and through their story we were able to capture their experience. It was also possible to contact people who left the leprosarium and through those two distinct paths we analyzed the medical and social struggle that meant a leprosy diagnosis only a few decades ago. Lori and GM are the main characters of that plot. She is the oldest resident in Itapuã and her personal story is deeply connected to the institution’s; he was admitted in the 1940’s but has lived outside the hospital for over 50 years, and his life has been enormously affected by the time he spent there and the living with that memory. The focus on those two individual micro universes h

Background: Acute inpatient stays are decreasing. Evidence for music therapy in mental healthcare exists but practice varies. Short admissions and therapy frequency (usually weekly), limit access, yet acceptability of increased frequency to patients is unknown. Research to model processes and outcomes of intensive provision may identify how best to provide for acute contexts informing clinical practice and future research. Methods: 114 patients admitted to hospital with acute mental health problems were recruited. Patients attended group music therapy 1-3 times per week during admission. Repeated measures assessing patient experiences, session appraisal, motivation and commitment were completed. Questionnaire thematic analysis identified important processes which were coded from session recordings. Multilevel modelling was used to examine associations between music therapy components, session appraisal, motivation, commitment and subsequent attendance. End of therapy interviews with 16 patients explored changes experienced and views on therapy frequency. Results: Attendance was 3 times greater for patients with 3 sessions per week. The majority found increased frequency acceptable and beneficial. Processes of engagement, emotional expression and social connection suggested active music-making, synchrony and singing to be important for group cohesion. Singing was significantly associated with appraisal and motivation. Musical initiation by group members was associated with motivation and commitment. All three outcomes were associated with each other, with session appraisal and increased frequency independently associated with subsequent attendance. Patient attributions for change included creativity, experiential learning and therapist directed reflective discussions. Conclusion: Intensive group music therapy is acceptable to the majority of patients, perceived as beneficial and increases access. Intensive provision is associated with greater engagement and positive experiences, which in turn, are associated with group commitment. Patient experiences can inform practice. Further research should examine effectiveness of intensive provision. Therapists should continue to prioritise engagement through active music-making and singing, and services consider implementation of intensive provision.

Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) are transforming social activities and interactions which are naturally varied and dynamic. In this process, ‘gaps’ develop between the technologies and emerging social requirements. Given that the main challenge for Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) is to identify and ameliorate these socio-technical gaps, it is essential to understand how individuals work and collaborate in groups, societies, and communities. The main question addressed in this study regards the identification of these gaps in the social activities of Online Collaborative Consumption (OCC). The intention is to improve user experience and design requirements to support OCC at the socio-technical design level. OCC facilitates sharing, swapping, trading, or renting products, services, and resources, via the computer-mediated interactions. Etsy, an online marketplace and community for handmade and craft goods, is the focus of this study as a community in which OCC takes place. The evaluation of online communities by using an ethnographic approach is an equally important question which this study investigates. Due to a lack of standard methods, a new combined methodological approach is proposed in this research (Predictive ethnography) and it was used in evaluation of collaborative communities to investigate the socio-technical gaps. In this approach, online ethnography complemented predictive evaluation with the aid of heuristics including sociability, usability, and user experience (UX) items. These heuristics were drawn from previous literature as the success factors for the online communities. The textual interactions from discussions of the forum and teams on Etsy that were related to these heuristics were collected and coded. Over 1000 posts from 178 threads were collected. Their frequencies were measured to demonstrate their importance, and further ethnography helped the researcher in qualitative analysis and meaning making of the textual interactions. The subsidiary question this research aims to answer is how social capital is developed in the OCC communities. Social capital is utilised as a tool to enhance the understanding of the socio-technical requirements of OCC communities and to improve the process of social capital generation. The same above-mentioned methodological approach (Predictive ethnography) was applied with the heuristics replaced by social capital measures. Over 9500 posts collected from 97 threads from the textual discussions of different Etsy teams. This study investigates the social capital formation in different types of teams such as topic-based ones that are created based on the common interest topics, and location-based ones that are created based on the shared locations of the members. In the topic-based teams, a significant amount of knowledge sharing and intellectual capital was observed. In location-based teams, most interactions were within social interactions and relational capital. The new method proposed in this research has shown its effectiveness in gaining insight from the natural discussions of the members. In total, 33 socio-technical gaps were identified and presented with possible recommendations. The most significant gaps concerned: Trust creation features; relevant rules of behaviour; clear displayed policies; and social presence tools.

A presente Tese de Doutorado intitulada O educativo na experiência do Movimento de Mulheres Camponesas: Resistência, Enfrentamento e Libertação discute educação a partir dos movimentos populares, em especial, do Movimento de Mulheres Camponesas (MMC). A pesquisa é fruto de experiência vivida e estudos sobre mulheres camponesas. Dessa forma, utilizou-se o materialismo histórico dialético enquanto método que busca pensar as relações entre as experiências práticas e a tomada de consciência, gerando novos modos de vida, em meio às contradições e resistências ao modelo capitalista de produção e à cultura patriarcal, construindo formas alternativas de viver. Assim, a metodologia é orientada pela pesquisa participante com elementos da pesquisa-ação. Os instrumentos utilizados se deram com observações participantes ou militantes, registradas no Diário de Campo, e entrevistas semiestruturadas com oito mulheres camponesas que desenvolvem experiências agroecológicas nos estados de Santa Catariana e da Bahia, sendo estas entrevistas gravadas e posteriormente transcritas. Para o delineamento da tese, foram utilizadas ainda, fontes documentais, como cartilhas, relatórios e panfletos escritos pelo MMC, além dos referenciais teóricos e metodológicos. As categorias analíticas se encontram no decorrer do texto: o campesinato, a experiência, a cultura, a resistência, o enfrentamento, o feminismo camponês e popular e o educativo. A pesquisa realizada revelou que as mulheres camponesas constroem alternativas para sair de uma situação de exploração capitalista, consolidada no campo através do agronegócio, e, ao fazer isso, também buscam sair da opressão causada pelo sistema patriarcal revelada nas relações de gênero desiguais. Com a tomada de consciência de que vivem nessa situação, as camponesas partem para uma reflexão pessoal e coletiva sobre a necessidade de construir formas de autonomia e libertação, assumindo-se como protagonistas de uma história de luta, organização e formação, através do feminismo camponês e popular. Trabalha-se sobre cultura, no sentido de compreender que as camponesas constroem uma cultura a partir de suas vivências de mulheres, incluindo seus aprendizados nas lutas enquanto camponesas. A partir de sua experiência, as mulheres camponesas constroem outras formas de viver na sociedade, resistindo e enfrentando o sistema capitalista e patriarcal. Com suas produções agroecológicas mostram que há outras formas de estar e de viver no mundo e no campo, para além do que é ditado pelo agronegócio, experienciando outras relações com a terra, com a natureza, com as pessoas e com todos os seres vivos. Com isso, demonstram que a agroecologia pode também ser considerada como um modo de vida. Mostra-se, na resistência e enfrentamento em meio às contradições vivenciadas, que há um processo pedagógico-cultural, portanto educativo e gerador de culturas, no qual as mulheres aprendem e ensinam, simultaneamente, a produção do viver no envolvimento com o Movimento de Mulheres Camponesas. Por fim, evidencia-se a tese de que “as experiências de resistência e de enfrentamento das mulheres camponesas do MMC, diante do sistema capitalista e patriarcal, para além de serem constituidoras de novos aprendizados, indicam também, as possibilidades de construir outros modos de vida”. / The present doctoral dissertation untitled The educative in the experience of the Rural Women's Movement: resistance, confrontation and release discusses education since the popular movement mainly the Peasant Women Movement (MMC). The research arises from the lived experience and preview studies about peasant women. Thus, it was utilized the historical dialectical materialism as method that searches to think the relationship between practical experience and the awareness taken, generating new ways of life in the midst of contradictions and resistance to the capitalist model of production and the patriarchal culture, building then alternative forms of living. The methodology is oriented by the participant research with elements of research–action. The utilized instruments were participant or militant observation, notes in the field diary and semi structured interview with eight peasant women that develop agro ecologic experiences, in the states of Santa Catarina and Bahia, being the interviews recorded and then transcript. The layout of the doctoral dissertation counted on document sources such as didactic books, reports and folders written by MMC, besides theoretical and methodological references. The analytical categories are found in the text: peasantry, experience, culture, resistance, confronting, popular peasant feminism and education. The research revealed that the peasant women build alternatives to quit an exploring capitalist situation consolidated in the countryside through the agro business and doing that, also search to leave off the oppression caused by the patriarchal system revealed in the unequal gender relationship. Taking awareness of the lived situation, the peasant women reach a personal and collective reflection about the necessity to build autonomy and freedom, assuming themselves as protagonists of their history of struggle, organization and formation through the peasant and popular feminism. Culture is seen in order to comprehend that the peasant produce culture since their experiences of women including their learning in the struggle as peasants. Since their lived experience, the peasant women build other ways of living in society, resisting and confronting the capitalist and patriarchal system. Their agro ecologic productions demonstrate that there are other ways to be and to live in the world and in the countryside, besides what is established by the agro business, having other relationship with the land, the nature, the people and every living being. Along with that, they demonstrate that the agro ecology may also be considered as a way of living. And it is shown in the resistance and confronts in the midst of living contradictions that there is a cultural and pedagogical process, therefore educational and generator of culture, in which the women learn and teach simultaneously the production of living involved with Peasant Women Movement. Finally, it is highlighted the thesis that “the experiences of resistance and confront of peasant women from MMC, since the capitalist and patriarchal system, besides constitute new learning indicate possibilities to build other ways of living as well.

Esta Tese possui como objeto teórico de investigação a experiência de jogo a partir de um viés fenomenológico, compreendendo o fenômeno lúdico e suas manifestações – no caso, o jogo – em nós, humanos, em seus aspectos ontológicos e relacionados à nossa capacidade de estabelecermos relações significativas com nosso próprio ser, com os outros e com as coisas do mundo em sua totalidade enquanto um processo de abertura de mundo. Partimos das premissas fenomenológicas e, em especial, da obra de Martin Heidegger, para caracterizar a existência, a natureza e a estrutura da experiência de jogo como um processo de afinação do homem no que chamamos de tonalidade afetiva ou Stimmung lúdica. O percurso teórico é iniciado pela abordagem do fenômeno lúdico e do jogo como problema ontológico, relacionado aos modos a partir dos quais estamos no mundo; em seguida, apresentamos o Ingress (2012), LARG utilizado para exemplificar e aplicar os possíveis efeitos que a afinação lúdica que a Stimmung pode desencadear na experiência de jogo em relação ao contexto urbano material, social, espacial e temporal no qual o jogo digital em questão ocorre. Deste modo, abordamos a experiência e a percepção também a partir da fenomenologia, principalmente relacionadas à espacialidade humana Para demonstrar o efeito que a Stimmung lúdica pode desencadear no Ingress, situamos o processo de desencantamento do mundo e suas tensões em relação às possibilidades de reencantamento a partir das experiências do jogador neste LARG. Ao aprofundar o conceito de tonalidade afetiva em Heidegger, também estabelecemos a sua estrutura existencial tríplice: um a priori lúdico; o comprometimento humano com o fenômeno lúdico enquanto antecipação futura; e a concretização da experiência de jogo na afinação da tonalidade afetiva lúdica enquanto atualização dos dois primeiros. Após, apresentamos o exercício de aplicação do conceito de Stimmung lúdico no Ingress, identificando possibilidades de reencantamento, utilizando uma metodologia inspirada na etnografia, com um questionário online e entrevistas presenciais com outros jogadores, além do relato do autor em relação ao mesmo. Por fim, são apresentadas as considerações finais e as referências bibliográficas consultadas para a realização desta Tese. / This Thesis has, as theoretical object of investigation, the experience of play from the phenomenological bias, comprising the play phenomenon and its manifestations - in this case, the game - in us, humans, in their ontological aspects and related to our ability to establish meaningful relationships with our own being, with others and with the things of the world as a process of world-opening. We start from the phenomenological premises, and especially from the work of Martin Heidegger, to characterize the existence, the nature and the structure of the game experience as a process of man's attunement in what we call playful attunement or Stimmung. We start our theoretical framework approaching the play phenomenon and the game as an ontological problem, related to the ways from which we are in the world; and so we introduce the LARG Ingress to exemplify and apply the possible effects that the playful Stimmung can trigger in the players’ experience in relation to the material, social, spatial and temporal urban context in which this game occurs. Therefore, we approach the experience and the perception also from the phenomenology, mainly related to the human spatiality In order to characterize the effect that the playful Stimmung can trigger in Ingress (2012), we approach the idea of the disenchantment of the world promoted by Modernity and situate its tensions in relation to the possibilities of re-enchantment from the players’ experiences in relation to this LARG. With the presentation of the concept of Stimmung in Heidegger, we establish the existential threefold structure of the same: an a priori ludic; the human commitment to the playful phenomenon as future anticipation; and the realization of the game experience as an attunement of the playful Stimmung as an concretion of the first two. After this, we present an exercise of application of the concept of playful Stimmung in the Ingress (2012), identifying the ways in which the re-enchantment it can trigger in the players’ experience, using an methodology inspired by ethnography, with an online survey and also interviews with other players, in addition to the author's report in relation to it. Finally, we present the final considerations and bibliographical references consulted for the accomplishment of this Thesis.

A tese investiga como se estabelece o dispositivo do olhar enquanto experiência estética no cinema de horror found footage a partir da materialidade cinematográfica. Realiza-se uma discussão acerca do modo como esses filmes circulam no gênero horror com o cruzamento de teorias de cinema, tecnologia e da Comunicação. A concepção de dispositivo do olhar é pensada, especialmente, a partir de Jonathan Crary, Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben, Laurent Mannoni, Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, Vilém Flusser e Philippe Dubois. O dispositivo do olhar é, portanto, delineado como o comportamento visual e de uso de artefatos tecnológicos que aparece nos filmes e o modo como esse olhar de dentro do filme pode afetar a forma de ver do espectador. Não é como a tecnologia é representada nos filmes, mas a estratégia dessa e seus respectivos discursos em intentar o apelo sensível do público. O problema de pesquisa é: Como se constitui o dispositivo do olhar nos filmes de horror found footage e o que esse fenômeno pode indicar da nossa relação com o cinema e a tecnologia na contemporaneidade? De que modo é possível discutir a experiência estética com o cinema de horror a partir dessas produções? Assim, o objetivo geral da pesquisa é compreender como opera o dispositivo do olhar no cinema de horror found footage e a maneira como ele propõe experiências estéticas, a fim de perceber características da nossa relação com o cinema e a tecnologia na contemporaneidade. Já os objetivos específicos são os seguintes: a) Problematizar o dispositivo do olhar no cinema, sua produção imagética nos respectivos aspectos tecnológicos, sociais e culturais, a partir do horror contemporâneo; b) Estudar aspectos estéticos e narrativos do gênero horror com ênfase nos filmes found footage; c) Discutir especificidades da imagem no found footage; d) Analisar os filmes que compõem o corpus, discutindo-os a partir das movimentações do dispositivo do olhar no horror e das experiências estéticas que potencializam. Entre alguns pressupostos abordados pela tese estão os de que o horror found footage é um fenômeno pós-sala de cinema, ainda que muitas produções circulem em grandes espaços de shopping centers e sejam lançadas em 3D. Ou seja, ver filmes é cada vez mais uma atividade privada e individual. O espectador está sozinho, do mesmo modo que as personagens que correm pela noite escura com uma câmera na mão. A visualidade dos games, a navegação pelas interfaces computacionais ou dispositivos móveis, também deixam marcas nas narrativas com esse estilo. Há ainda diversos tipos de imagens, texturas, cores diferentes que até o desenvolvimento do found footage não haviam sido exploradas no gênero horror. Essas imagens intentam ambiências, conceito de Gumbrecht (2014) que auxiliou a análise. As texturas estranhas, as falhas, ruídos, os “erros” dos equipamentos potencializam as experiências a partir de atmosferas, muitas dessas de aparelhos visuais que não são mais consumidos massivamente, como o VHS. Há sim uma presentificação do passado desses artefatos, dos modos como eram usados, um retorno de hábitos que são reconfigurados pelo contexto do horror. As ambiências possíveis pelas imagens, a perseguição pela experiência tátil com a narrativa, marcam um fenômeno contemporâneo de busca pela apreensão do tempo, das memórias, da vida. Um desejo de possuir as imagens e seus mundos, algo que se sobrepõe à intenção de registro ou de representação do mundo. Podemos afirmar ainda que a ideia de Gumbrecht (2015) do presente amplo se aplica aos filmes estudados nesse aspecto. / This thesis investigates the establishment of the apparatus of seeing as an aesthetic experience within found footage horror movies, from their cinematographic materiality. A discussion about the way as these movies circulate in horror genre is made through crossing film, technology and Communication theories. The apparatus of seeing conception is thought, especially, from authors such as Jonathan Crary, Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben, Laurent Mannoni, Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, Vilém Flusser and Philippe Dubois. The apparatus of seeing is, therefore, thought as a behavior, both visual and regarding the usage of technological artifact, that appears within the movies and in the way how this seeing from inside the film can affect the spectator habit of viewing. This is not about the representation of technology, but its strategy and its discourses to propose sensitive appeal in the public. The research problem is: How the apparatus of seeing is composed in found footage horror movies and what can this phenomenon denote about our relation with cinema and technology in contemporaneity? How is it possible to discuss the aesthetic experience with horror movies from these productions? Thus, the main objective is to understand how the apparatus of seeing operates in found footage horror movies and how it proposes aesthetic experiences, in order to see characteristics of our relation with cinema and technology in contemporaneity. The specific objectives are: a) To problematize the apparatus of seeing in cinema, its imagistic production in the respective technological, social and cultural aspects, from contemporary horror genre; b) To study aesthetics and narrative aspects of the horror genre, especially the found footage films; c) To discuss the specificities of the image within found footage; d) To analyze the corpus of films, discussing them from changes of apparatus of seeing and the aesthetic experiences that it potentiates. Among the assumptions the thesis approaches, are that the found footage is a post-cinema phenomenon, although many productions circulate in large spaces of shopping centers and are released in 3D. In other words, watching movies is increasingly a private and individual activity. The spectator is alone, just like the characters that run through the dark night with a camera in their hands. The game visuality, the navigation through computational interfaces or mobile devices, also leave marks in the narratives marked by this style. There are still several types of images, textures, different colors that, until the development of found footage, had not been explored in the horror genre. These images attempt to establish ambiences, a concept of Gumbrecht (2014) that aided the analysis. The strange textures, the flaws, the noises, the "errors" of the equipments potentiate experiences from atmospheres, many of them of visual devices that are no longer massively consumed nowadays, like the VHS. There is rather a presentiment of the past of these artifacts, the ways that they were used, a return of habits that are reconfigured by the context of horror. The possible ambiences of the images, the persecution for a tactile experience with the narrative, mark a contemporary phenomenon of search for the apprehension of the time, the memories, the life. A desire to possess the images and their worlds, something that overlaps the intention of recording or representing the world. We can also affirm that the idea of Gumbrecht (2015) of the broad present applies to the films studied in this aspect.