Bakgrund Idag diskuteras det mycket kring vilken roll sockerkonsumtionen kan spela gällande de ökande hälsoproblemen i samhället. På senare tid har det flytande sockret lyfts fram som en av de stora bovarna i dramat och forskning visar på att läsk bestående oberoende av vanligt socker eller artificiellt socker, kan påverka hälsan negativt.SyfteSyftet med undersökningen var att granska ungdomars läskkonsumtion samt att ta reda på deras motiv till varför de föredrar att dricka vanlig läsk respektive lightläsk. Det är även av intresse att undersöka eventuella könsskillnader. MetodUndersökningen har gjorts med hjälp av en enkätundersökning med intention att beskriva ungdomars läskkonsumtion. Valet av undersökningsmetod syftade till att ge bredd åt undersökningen. Undersökningen gjordes på tre stycken 0-9 skolor i Vellinge kommun. Undersökningen var en totalundersökning på årskurserna 7-9 vilket resulterade i att inget urval gjordes. Sammanlagt medverkade 221 elever i undersökningen.ResultatGenom undersökningen framgår det att de flesta, d.v.s. 163 stycken (73,8 %) av de medverkande eleverna dricker läsk 1-3 gånger per vecka. Resultaten visar även att pojkar har en statistiskt säkerställd benägenhet att dricka mer läsk än flickor. Vid valet av vanlig läsk respektive lightläsk är vanlig läsk populärast då 162 av de medverkande eleverna föredrar att dricka vanlig läsk medan endast 56 elever föredrar att dricka lightläsk.SlutsatsUngdomarna tycks vara belysta kring de aspekter som media berört gällande sockrets och sötningsmedlenas tänkbara effekter på hälsan, men saknar kunskap kring de faktiska bevis som finns. Därför är det viktigt att både föräldrar och skola figurerar som förebilder och visar var man står gällande hälsofrågor. Detta för att på sikt kunna få bukt med dagens ökande ohälsa bland barn och ungdomar. Dagens barn och ungdomar behöver både undervisning i och redskap till att utveckla en hållbar hälsosam livsstil. / The pros and cons debate on the issue to what effect sugar has on our health, is widely spread today. During recent years liquid sugar has been identified as a major cause to the increasing health problems. The purpose of this thesis is to examine young peoples habits regarding consumption of soft drinks and to find out their motives and preferences for ordinary soft drinks respectively light soft drinks. It is also of interest to search for any variation in habits between the sexes. The survey, which included all students (221) at three 0-9 schools, was conducted by means of questionnaires in an opinion poll with the over all intention to describe young peoples consumption of soft drinks. The research shows that most young people drink soft drinks 1-3 times a week and that boys significantly drink a larger amount of soft drinks than girls do.The result also show that it is more popular to drink ordinary soft drinks than to drink light soft drinks.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the Swedish parliamentary debate on socioeconomicsegregation over two time periods: between 1995-2000 and 2016-2021. Considering thatsocioeconomic segregation has been on the rise in Sweden over the past three decades, thisstudy attempts to analyze how the Swedish parliament has discussed this particular issue.Using frame analysis, this study provides an overview of what frames are prevalent during theparliamentary debate over the course of each period. Essentially, this paper explores howsocioeconomic segregation has been conceptualized, particularly how the problem has beendefined, what the underlying causes are, what remedies are proposed, and what moraljudgments are made by political actors. As parliamentary debates frequently seem to revolvearound a struggle over who should get priority for a particular problem definition, this studyalso takes a further look at the framing strategies used by political actors in parliamentarydebates. As demonstrated in the results, there may have been a change in discourse over timeas political actors have to a greater extent moved away from an emancipatory frame in favorof a broader perspective on the segregation problem with housing policy measures as thecornerstone. In addition to showing which frames were advocated by which actor, analyzingframe construction through language to uncover who wins the hearing for their problempicture, results in a far more extensive and deepened understanding of power, politics andinterests.

The purpose of this dissertation is to produce a critical edition of Álvaro de Luna's 15th century manuscript, Libro de las claras e virtuosas mugeres. This Castilian text is a compilation of biographies of good and virtuous women similar to that of the widely studied De claris mulieribus by Giovanni Boccaccio. Scholars however, have neglected Luna's version for various reasons that are discussed within this dissertation. Libro de las claras e virtuosas mugeres is a significant work because it complements other texts within the genre of defense literature and provides a good argument against the misogynistic texts in the debate on women in the Middle Ages. Within this dissertation, the Introduction serves to orient the reader through the debate on women in 15th century Castile and to contextualize the Libro de las claras e virtuosas mugeres within it. Through the discussion of the debate on women in medieval Iberia, we will show how Luna's work is a necessary, but forgotten element. Also pertinent is the notorious past of don Álvaro, and how this has negatively impacted the reception of his work. This dissertation also compiles all critical studies and editions currently in print and discusses their merits. Finally in the Introduction, we explain how we took into account Bernard Cerquiglini's concept of variance and John Dagenais' theory that in order to come close to the medieval reading of the text, it is necessary to replicate the manuscripts, not to modernize them. Thus, we produced transcriptions that were as close to the original texts as possible, rather than attempting to correct or modernize them. In order to produce the critical edition necessary for a proper study of the Libro de las claras e virtuosas mugeres, this dissertation contains two transcriptions of the two oldest extant manuscripts: ms. B (2654) and ms. S (207). Within ms. B we also provide a critical apparatus, which shows the lexical and orthographical differences between the two. Additionally for the benefit of the reader, we provide four Appendices: the missing chapter of the Queen of Sheba (not included in ms. B), a list of all the women Luna included in his work, and facsimilar samples of both manuscripts. It is our desire to promote a renewed interest in this forgotten, yet extremely important 15th century Castilian manuscript. / Spanish

While previous research on episodic memory vividness aims at measuring episodic memory, such cognitive tasks also involve visual mental imagery since vividness is primarily a property of visual mental imagery. Literature also shows that subjective measurements of visual mental imagery (e.g., the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire; VVIQ) are confounded by demand characteristic effects, either by participant response biases or instructional cues. Investigating such claims is most suitable in those who report an absence of visual mental imagery, that is, in aphantasia. Therefore, this study examines whether subjective vividness ratings are interpreted differently between a “visualize” and a “recollect” version of the VVIQ. One hundred and thirty-nine participants filled out online either one of the versions of the questionnaire, which also included an additional manipulation on demand characteristics (i.e., instructional cues on what alleged previous research found on response patterns). Eighty-nine participants self-described with aphantasia. Results showed that irrespective of self-describing with aphantasia or not, participants scored comparably on the two versions of the questionnaire (with aphantasic participants scoring overall lower than control participants), favouring the interpretation that episodic memory vividness involves visual mental imagery. Furthermore, no demand characteristic effects were found in those self-describing with aphantasia, whereas controls’ questionnaire scores were affected only negatively by the employed instructional cues. Different interpretations of such results are discussed, highlighting the idea that it is a difficult methodological exercise to discern the two theoretical constructs: visual mental imagery and episodic memory.

Why has the resurrection once again become the centre point of a new storm brewing in both popular and academic culture? Because of the combination of a realisation of death, and of human beings’ need to interpret its (death’s) mysteries; a question innate to the human experience. In a fear-filled world where war, terrorism, and economic collapse bring the question of death (and the afterlife) to the fore, people are asking – perhaps more than ever – what happens after we die. This popular fascination with the end, with death, and with what (if anything) lies beyond it, has also influenced the theme and the direction of academic work in the theological field. For this reason an informed analysis of the resurrection debate has become necessary – a process of analysing the different strata of understanding as it relates to current resurrection research. Any consideration given to gender or power, birth or burial, money or food is made in an effort to situate the debates being studied. Could a reason for these still varied conclusions on the subject be that those writing on it are not equipped for the task of analysing and interpreting history and historical method? In order to be able to begin answering this question, one of this study's main objectives is to learn and apply the approach of historians – outside of the community of Biblical scholars – to the question of whether Jesus of Nazareth rose from the dead; thus providing interaction with philosophers of history related to hermeneutical and methodological considerations. The method proposed here is a combination of historiography and an ethics of understanding, with the use of Correspondence theory (in which history is described as knowable, and some hypotheses as truer than others in a correspondence sense). This study wants to address both the different questions and analyses of the debate by asking: What if we see things differently? What if we were to ask a different set of questions? In order for this to be possible, we need to develop an ethics of interpretation – instead of asking the expected questions, this study aims to ask: What interests and frameworks inform the questions we ask and the way in which we interpret our sources? How does scholarship echo (and even participate in) contemporary public discourses about Christian identity? These questions will be attended to through three intersecting practices – critical reflexivity, complemented by the use of the two related practices of textual re-reading and public debate. However, these are not methodical steps in a linear progression, they are mutually interacting practices that draw on each other; raising new possibilities for the way in which we historically reconstruct the Jesus movement, allowing us to enter into the public debate about Jesus and eschatology in a way that takes the ethical possibilities and consequences of our reconstructions of Christian origins and identity seriously. For, though fragmentary and broken human words may be, they nevertheless possess a capacity to function as the medium through which God is able to disclose himself. Copyright / Dissertation (MTh)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / New Testament Studies / unrestricted

This study presents a critical investigation into the teaching of computer ethics. A qualitative pluralistic approach (a mixture of qualitative approaches) was used to investigate case studies of teaching computer ethics to university-level students from Bahrain. The main issue was that ethics to Arabs and Muslims is a matter of religion than a matter of philosophy whereas the dominant perception in the academic literature which discussed computer ethics teaching is that computer ethics is a form of practical philosophy and hence separate from religion. In order to shed light on this, the study investigated computer ethic’s perceptions and teaching practices which were occurring in universities in Bahrain. The study found that the issue was not a matter of perception but rather a matter of confusion and a misconception. Computer ethics was being confused with morality, religion, basic computer skills to name just a few. And such confusion was causing computer ethics to gradually disappear from the curriculum and become substituted with concepts which were not necessarily capable of building students’ ethical thinking. The study recommends that computer ethics teachers and policy makers from Bahrain distinguish computer ethics from religion, morality and from any other concept and identify it as an independent field of study, also teachers need to involve their students in social and ethical analysis of various kinds so that students understand that ethics is not a set of rules on what is forbidden and allowed aimed at providing straightforward answers to a given problem but rather ethics is a ‘cognitive tool’; a mechanism through which different competing ethical theories and standards are used to reflect on a given problem.

Thesis (MPhil) -- Stellenbosch University, 2000. / Some digitised pages may appear cut off due to the condition of the original hard copy. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Muden is a poor, rural hamlet in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. The sub district of Muden forms part of the Presidential Lead Pilot Land Reform Redistribution Project within KwaZulu Natal. This study analyses the negative impact of the current land reform programme on this rural environment. The research indicates a situation of severe poverty, high dependency, a lack of social infrastructure and a need for strong participatory government at local level. It also shows how existing land reform policies and current development practises are inappropriate within their current context. Proposals are formulated about a possible strategy that can be used to move beyond these problems. This study follows a systematic approach in which the reader is first shown what the facts about land reform within Muden, KwaZulu Natal are, and secondly what challenges are induced by these facts. In each chapter the perspectives are altered to add depth and to illustrate the complexity of the situation. The focus also falls on moments or aspects of crisis and how the different stakeholders have actually responded to these. From a normative perspective, guidelines are identified in a reasoned manner from the discussion in each chapter that help identify what could be done in order to overcome the crisis of development and land reform in Muden. The first chapter introduces the reader to Muden, KwaZulu Natal, through a brief history of the district from a land reform perspective. The reader is given an understanding of the current situation prevailing in the Muden Valley through an explanation of the origins of the conflict over land and other natural resources. In the second chapter the social fabric of Muden is described, considering the perceived ethical dilemma between development and environmental management within the context of land reform. A need for an integrated management strategy emerges. In the third chapter the social lens is exchanged for an environmental perspective, discussing the concept of sustainability in terms of the natural environment. Through a discussion about the quality of life of the people of Muden, both pre and post land reform, Chapter 4 brings together the social and biophysical arguments and makes a case for sustainable development. Against the background of this overview of the current situation of Muden, Chapter 5 is used for a rigorous scrutiny of the current approach to land reform/rural development. In this chapter the critical points of intervention are identified. These are points where decisions have impacted negatively upon the land reform project in the respective stages of project planning and project implementation and how these have contributed to the current crisis within Muden. The final chapter formulates a (hopefully) persuasive proposal towards the establishment of District Development Forums as an alternative approach to the current/conventional approach to land reform /rural development in Muden, KwaZulu Natal. I propose that these forums may form a practical institutional framework which have the potential to move us beyond the present quandaries o f the current land reform/rural development experience. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Muden is ‘n arm landelike dorpie in Kwa-Zulu Natal. Die Muden distrik vorm deel van die Presideasiele Loodsprojek vir die Herverdeling van Grond in KwaZulu Natal. Hierdie studie ondersoek en analiseer die negatiewe impak van die bestaande grondhervormingsprogramme op die landelike omgewing waarin dit geskied. Die navorsing dui op omvangryke armoede, ‘n hoe vlak van afhanklikheid, ‘n gebrek aan sosiale infrastrukture en ‘n behoefte vir sterk deelnemende bestuur op plaaslike vlak. Verder toon dit aan dat bestaande grondhervormingsbeleid en ontwikkelingspraktyke onvoldoende is binne die bestaande landelike konteks. Voorstelle word binne hierdie studie gedoen vir ‘n moontlike strategic om die genoemde probleme te oorkom. Die studie volg ‘n sistematiese aanpak waarin die leser bewus gemaak word van die bestaande feite rondom grondhervorming in Muden. Voorts word die uitdagings wat uit hierdie situasie spruit aan die leser gestel. In elke hoofstuk word die perspektief gewysig om insig in die situasie te verdiep en die kompleksiteit daarvan aan te toon. Momente van krisissituasies word beklemtoon en die wyse waarop rolspelers daarop reageer word bespreek. Vanuit ‘n nomatiewe hoek word in elke hoofstuk riglyne op ‘n beredeneerde wyse geidentifiseer om oplossings te vind wat die bestaande krississe in grondhervorming in Muden kan oorkom. Hoofstuk een stel die leser voor aan Muden en die geskiedenis van grondhervorming in die distrik. Begrip vir die huidige situasie in Muden word geskep deur ‘n bespreking van die oorsake van konflik oor grond en ander natuurlike hulpbronne. Hoofstuk twee beskryf die sosiale samestelling binne die Muden distrik en bring dit in verband met die oenskynlike etiese konflik tussen ontwikkeling en bewaring binne die konteks van grondhervorming. Hieruit spruit ‘n behoefte voort vir ‘n geintegreerde en omvattende bestuurstrategie. In Hoofstuk drie word die sosiale invalshoek vervang met ‘n omgewingsfokus en word die konsep van selfonderhoubaarheid van die natuurlike omgewing ter sprake gebring. Terselfdertyd ondersoek dit lewenskwaliteit van die mense in Muden voor en na die grondhervorming. Hoofstuk vier kombineer sosiale en biofisiese standpunte en ontwikkel ‘n pleidooi vir selfonderhoubare ontwikkeling. Teen die hierdie agtergrond word grondhervorming en ontwikkeling krities beoordeel in Hoofstuk vyf. Kritieke sake vir intervensie word so geidentifiseer. Hierdie sake word beskou as die produk van besluite wat negatief ingewerk het op die verskillende fases van projekbeplanning en implementering. As sodanig het die gemelde besluite dus bygedra tot die huidige grondhervormingskrises in Muden. Die laaste hoofstuk formuleer en argumenteer ten gunste van die vestiging van Distrik Ontwikkelingsforums as ‘n alternatiewe benadering tot die konvensionele en bestaande aanpak van grondhervorming en landelike ontwikkeling in Muden. As sodaning kan hierdie forums dien as praktiese institusionele raamwerke met die inherente potensiaal om bestaande probleme in hierdie verband te oorkom.

Abstrakt ”Bör barnkonventionen bli lag i Sverige? – En komparativrätts-lig studie on barnets rättigheter genom barnkonventionen i Sverige & Norge” Uppsatsen diskuterar med en komparativrättslig metodik implementeringen och inkorporering av barnkonventionen i Sverige och Norge. I tre steg ämnar uppsatsen att undersöka huruvida barnkonventionen bör implementeras till fullo och göras till svensk lag på samma sätt som Norge har valt att göra.Uppsatsen fokuserar på FN:s barnrättkommittés yttranden kring hur länderna sköter sina åtaganden gentemot konventionen och en jämförelse har gjorts som visar att kommittén generellt sett verkar ge Sverige mer grundläggande kritik vilket indikerar att kommittén anser sig ha större och allvarligare kritik kring Sveriges tillgodoseende av barns rättigheter än kring Norges.Uppsatsen tar också upp domstolsprocessen kring vårdnadstvister där barnet ofta riskerar att hamna i kläm. En jämförelse mellan vårdnadstvister i Sverige och Norge visar att det är väldigt små skillnader mellan ländernas olika problemområden som utgör skillnader i barns rättigheter som direkt kan härledas till det faktum att Norge har inkorporerat barnkonventionen till fullo medans Sverige inte har gjort det.Vidare har uppsatsen gett en inblick i den svenska debatten kring för- och nackdelar med en inkorporering av barnkonventionen i svensk lag och har kommit fram till att en inkorporering överlag bör ge positiva effekter för barns rättigheter. / Abstract ”Should the convention on the rights of the child be fully implemented into Swedish law? – a juridical essay on the right of the child through the child rights convention in Sweden and Norway.” This essay discusses in a comparative way the implementation of the convention on the rights of the child in Sweden and Norway. In three steps the comparison has lead the essay to a conclusion on whether Sweden should incorporate the conventions fully or not.The essay focuses on the UN child rights committee ”concluding observation report” on how the countries are managing the rights of the child through the convention. A comparison has been made and it has shown that the committee to some extent is giving more basic recommendations and serious criticism to Sweden. This may lead to a discussion about whether the committee have bigger and more serious concerns about some areas of the Swedish work with the convention rather than the ones in Norway.The essay also brings up the legal process of custody battles where the child is often neglected to some extent and a comparison has been made that shows that there are really very little differences that can be connected to the fact that Norway has a fully implemented child rights convention when Sweden has not.Further on the essay gives an insight into the Swedish debate on pros and cons for an incorporation and comes to the overall conclusion that an incorporation would have a positive outcome on the rights of the child in Sweden.