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娛樂服務業對中國經濟增長的影響研究 --以昆山市爲例 / The Entertainment Services Impact on the China's Economic Growth: the Case Study in Kunshan City易宗霆 Unknown Date (has links)
娛樂服務業在西方發達國家的發展歷史已經比較悠久,而在中國則是改革開放以後,娛樂服務業才真正進入中國各地, 但是中國卻把娛樂服務業的附加價值更發揮的淋漓盡致。
中國對於娛樂服務業的態度,官方和學者一直以來都有著許多爭論,有的人為娛樂服務業在提高人們生活水準、促進就業、增加經濟成長、改善產業結構、保持社會穩定等方面具有積極的作用;然而也有人認為娛樂服務業是滋生犯罪、傳染疾病、吸毒販毒的溫床,對國家和社會具有極大的危害作用。從歷史的角度來看,舉凡東南亞國家的日本、台灣、越南、菲律賓與泰國等等,當這些國家從未開發中國家邁向已開發國家之際,娛樂服務業都扮演了一個重要而且不可或缺的角色。客觀地來看,娛樂服務業既有其積極的一面,必也有其消極的一面。在實踐中,大多數的國家並沒有因為有其消極的一面而根絕娛樂服務業 。原因是娛樂服務業絕非僅影響個人就業並改善個人生活的小議題,而是對整個國家經濟成長有催化的作用。因此,在這種背景下,研究娛樂服務業對於經濟增長的作用與影響,研究中國娛樂服務業的現狀和問題,就具有十分重要的意義。
本文借鏡由中國一個縣級市----昆山市做為代表,來探討娛樂服務業對中國GDP增長的貢獻。昆山市屬於江蘇省蘇州市管轄,位處於上海與蘇州中間。改革開放之前是一個毫無經濟可言的農業型地區;改革二十年之後,昆山市在2008年末全市戶籍總人口 690435人,而外來暫住人口達954162人。2008年地區生產總值達1500.26億元。因此,昆山市產業結構不斷優化,二、三產業共同推動經濟增長的格局進一步鞏固。全年完成第一產業增加值12.37億元,比上年增長2.2%;第二產業增加值978.81億元,增長14.1%;第三產業增加值509.08億元,增長17.2%,服務業增加值占GDP比重達到33.9%,比上年提高1個百分點。實現全口徑財政收入272.55億元,比上年增長35.0%,其中地方一般預算收入突破百億元,達到115.69億元,比上年增長33.7%。財政收入總量、人均GDP和人均地方一般預算收入繼續位居全國各縣(市)之首。從這些驚人的數據來看,昆山真正發展的十五年間,能達到這種成就除了完整的產業結構,地方政府積極創新正面的效率外,娛樂服務業也扮演了很重要的角色。本研究的主要目地是在探討娛樂服務業的發展對昆山經濟成長的貢獻,同時我們希望利用大量實證資料,有系統地來分析當地娛樂服務業發展的現狀和特徵,與經濟增長之間的互補關係,進而推論中國娛樂服務業對整體經濟增長的促進作用和隱性影響。本論文主要包括五部分內容:第一章為緒論部分,主要先對娛樂服務業相關概念進行界定,包括娛樂服務業的內涵和範圍;第二章分析娛樂服務業從業人員結構及薪資所得,再探討消費理論,其中包括比例與層面進而推論其經濟規模及影響。第三章主要分析了娛樂服務業與發展中國家經濟增長的關係。娛樂服務業可以促進發展中國GDP的增長,可以提高經濟增長效率,同時優化地方產業結構,並能緩解就業壓力。第四章主要以二個實例,來分析娛樂服務業對中國經濟環境與城市變化的實際影響,以及娛樂服務業的未來。第五章為總結及未來研究方向。
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試析制度建設與市場經濟秩序康從之 January 2003 (has links)
University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration
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以群組分析探索中國地區經濟發展何偉鴻 January 2011 (has links)
University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration
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中國財政支出的邏輯:發展、穩定或均衡? / The Logic of China’s Fiscal Expenditure:In Search of Economic Growth, Political Stability, or Regional Balance?盧乃琳 Unknown Date (has links)
本文以中國1997~2003年中央政府對地方政府之淨移轉支付為研究對象,運用量化之研究途徑,分析中國近年來中央政府資源分配之財政目標變化,以及影響此財政目標之主要因素。依據本文實證結果分析顯示,在1997~2003年這段期間,中國中央政府的財政資源分配方式由過去以穩定社會環境、發展整體經濟為主要目標,轉以均衡各地情況為主,於此同時,影響此財政資源分配模式之主要因素為區域政策之轉折,並推論中國區域政策的產出與執行,並非如一般所論,僅是領導人安定環境、攏絡民心的口頭宣示和空頭支票。 / Through examining the transfer payment from China’s central government to provincial government, this study seeks to discover the logic of financial resource allocation in China. It goes on to compare the modes of financial transfer in different years to see whether China has devoted more resources on income redistribution, and if so, which factor make that happen. My findings suggest that China does adjust the logic of resource allocation, shifting from pro-growth to pro-balance through these years. And, the key that trigger such change is the modification of regional policy instead of reshuffle of top leadership.
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中國國際收支失衡對其貨幣政策自主性的影響 / The Impact of the Disequilibrium of China’s Balance of Payments on Its Monetary Policy Autonomy王國臣, Wang, Guo-chen Unknown Date (has links)
隨著中國在國際經濟與戰略地位的竄升,包括利率與匯率在內的中國貨幣當局政策作為不再僅僅只是該國內部事務而已,也會進一步影響到國際經濟的日常運行。本研究通過質性研究與量化研究交互運用的方式,詳盡分析2002年至2007年中國國際收支失衡對其貨幣政策自主性的影響;本研究從三層次分析中國貨幣政策自主性,包括中國外匯占款對其基礎貨幣發行的直接影響、中國貨幣當局各種貨幣政策工具之沖銷基礎貨幣效率、中國行政調控對降低未完全沖銷的基礎貨幣之於總體經濟暨資產市場的影響。本研究發現中國國際收支的持續順差業已嚴重侵蝕到中國貨幣當局所有三個層次的政策自主性;並且,在可預見的未來,只要中國政府不改變當前人民幣匯率體制與外匯管理制度,則中國貨幣當局可能會窮於應付這超額貨幣供給所衍生出的經濟失衡與泡沫化的危機。 / With the rapid rise of China’s international economic and strategic status, China’s monetary policy measures, including interest rates and foreign exchange rates, will not only be merely China’s internal affairs but also further influence international economic daily operation. This study comprehensively analyzes the impact of the disequilibrium of China’s balance of payments between 2002-2007 on its monetary policy autonomy through qualitative methodology and quantitative methodology. This study analyzes China’s monetary policy autonomy in three levels: the direct impact of China’s funds outstanding for foreign exchange on China’s base money supply, the effectiveness of China’s monetary policy instruments on the sterilization of its base money, the effectiveness of China’s administrative macroeconomic adjustment and control for reducing its non-sterilized base money supply on its macroeconomic and asset markets. This study concludes the continuous surplus of China’s balance of payments has seriously undermined China’s monetary policy autonomy in all three levels; in addition, in the foreseeable future, as long as the Chinese government would not change the current exchange rate regime and the mechanism of foreign exchange management, then China’s monetary authorities might be constantly swamped with the crises of economic disequilibrium and bubble stemmed from its monetary oversupply.
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論保稅區的管理和發展卞祖耀 January 2003 (has links)
University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration
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市場化過程中的政府行為選擇 : 從物業管理的發展看政府角色轉換 / 從物業管理的發展看政府角色轉換翁國強 January 2003 (has links)
University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration
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中國經濟制度變化之研究,1977-1987:歷史制度論之政治經濟分析 / The Study of Changing Economy in China, 1977-1987: A Political-Economic Analysis of Historical Institutionalism李守正, Lee, Francis Shou-Jang Unknown Date (has links)
中國共產黨建政8年後,就宣布完成全行業社會主義改造(1949-1956),實現了公有制與計畫經濟體制,取消了中國既有的混合經濟體制與私有財產制度。然而,自70年代末期開始,一連串試圖搞活經濟的措施開啟了中國經濟制度變化的序幕,30年來,中國已經由公有制計畫經濟體制,轉變到今日混合所有制市場經濟形態。
那些力量驅動了這場變化?那些變數與其交互作用影響,變化了經濟改革的方向?通過經濟制度變化的過程,那些成果帶來經濟制度走上不歸路的效用呢?這是筆者試圖解釋的課題。
事實上,中國經濟制度的變化,是一連串政權行動者「始料未及」的變化的結果,這場制度變遷─中國由公有制計畫經濟體制重新回到混合所有制市場經濟體制,一開始並未有指引變革行動的藍圖,變革的方向亦是在變化的過程上才漸次浮現的,它受到制度的限制,也受到偶發事件的影響,當然也就不意味是整體領導層的共識結果,它是在特定歷史結構與制度交錯相互影響下的產物。換句話說,是歷史(時間序列上的事件與變化)、制度與行動者組構了這場變遷。同時,這也是一場動態的變遷過程,變遷的路徑有來自制度遺產的影響,它也存在著路徑依賴的現象。
不過,路徑因行動者與制度安排的激勵而強化,從而實現變遷,但也在行動者基於觀念(意識形態)或利益下予以限制,從而轉折到不同的方向上。筆者認為,在中國獨特的政經體制下,路徑自我強化的現象不是內部自我激勵造成的結果,而是來自外部的因素;在路徑依賴的背後,制度結構與行動者的作用具有不容忽視的影響。
筆者認為,改變中國經濟制度最重要的取徑,就是「雙軌制」。「雙軌制」是一項行動者非意圖的創造,它始自陳雲倡議「摸著石頭過河」,獲得鄧小平的贊同,從而形成「試點」模式,並作為該模式的指導原則。
此外,觀念的引進與衝突是這場變化過程的重要部份,像是在推動「經濟特區試點政策過程中尤為明顯;當政權領導人受外部引入的觀念的影響,產生經濟特區政策,而領導人內部也因觀念的分歧,形成足以阻滯特區試點政策的衝突;他們之間的衝突(正統派vs改革派)貫穿整個變遷過程,這也正好說明了觀念因素在中國改變經濟制度過程上的重要影響。 / 8 years after the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, the Chinese Communist Party claimed that socialist reform has been successfully conducted. Public ownership and planned economy replaced mixed economy as well as private ownership. In the end of 1970s, however, a series of economic reform challenged public ownership with planned economy, which leads China enter into a mixed ownership economy.
This thesis attempts to sort out the forces and consequences that drive economic reform. Through the transition of economic system, which leads China’s economy into a no return road.
In fact, economic reform in China is an unexpected result by political regulators. Originally, it did not have a blueprint to lead the way. The direction from public ownership to mixed economy emerged throughout the reform, which is not a common consensus from the political leaders. Instead, it is dominated by history, political system as well as regulator in a dynamic way. This path dependency with institutional heritage character is the spot light of economic reform.
The author claims the importance and direction of this reform is dominated by external factor. The most importance factor that change China’s economic is the launch of dual system. This system, with the slogan of “crossing the river by groping the stones along the way,” is proposed by CHEN Yun and approved by Deng Xiao-Ping.
The introduction of concept is an important factor through the reform, which can be seemed from the process during the promotion of Special Economic Zones SEZs. When political regulators received outer concept and launched SEZs, internal diversity emerged that blocking the reform. Conflicts between orthodoxy and reformist can be seemed throughout reform period, influencing the forces and consequences of China’s economic system.
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中國企業育成中心(科技企业孵化器)之研究 / Technology Business Incubators in China蘇羚毓, Su, Ling-Yu Unknown Date (has links)
創新及創業被認為是現代社會緩解經濟遲緩、促進經濟增長、引領自主創新的一帖良藥。在中國,以培育科技型中小型企業、促進區域經濟發展的「科技企業孵化器」被視為中國落實「大眾創業,萬眾創新」政策的載體,更被用以促進中國經濟穩定增長的重要舉措之一。本研究試圖透過相關重要文獻及次級數據,輔以極具代表性的深圳及武漢地區之孵化器為案例,再透過財務政策及法律改革等相關數據,系統性地分析科技企業孵化器在中國經濟成長下所扮演的角色,以及中國政府在引領並推進此一創新載體所發揮之作用。研究發現,中國科技企業孵化器可做為促進科技創新與經濟增長之媒介-催化劑,為新創企業匹配早期所需之資源(包含知識移轉、社區實體及關係網絡對接),直接與間接地促進區域經濟轉型升級,證明了科技企業孵化器有能力促進國家創新能力與經濟可持續增長,並成為推進中國經濟轉型的助力之一。同時,中國政府扮演主導推進孵化體系發展的政策指導者,通過一系列資源及政策支持,指導科技企業孵化器的發展路徑及進程,同時促進了政府職能的轉變。總結本研究結果,科技企業孵化器是中國創新體系的一部分,其與政府之間存在著不可分割的關係。政府對科技企業孵化器的支持參與度越大,科技企業孵化器與政府的相互依賴度就越大。作為中國創新和科技發展政策框架的重要組成部分,科技企業孵化器正推動經濟可持續增長並建立一個技術創業的生態系統,同時重塑政府、市場、社會之間的關係。本研究結果可提供未來相關研究探討科技企業孵化器的可持續發展之創新能力。在中國經濟新常態下,探就可持續性的科技企業孵化器有助於全面了解中國科技與經濟成長之關係,相關研究值得後續進一步分析實證。 / Innovation and entrepreneurship are regarded as an economic tool to promote independent innovation and economic growth in the sluggish economy. In China, the Technology-based Business Incubators (BIs) focusing on promoting technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and regional development are viewed as the innovative carriers under the initiative of “Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation”. This study attempts to systematically analyze the role of BIs in Chinese economic growth and the role of government play in advancing BIs development through the important literatures and secondary resources, complemented in part with incubation case studies in Wuhan and Shenzhen, and the implementing results of the financial policies and legal reforms. Findings demonstrate that Chinese BIs serves as the catalyst to accelerate S&T development and to provide matching service at technopreneurial functions on the resources of knowledge (high-tech research to patents), communities (high-tech SMEs, universities, and relevant entities), and networks (accessing government, investors, and entrepreneurs), which have promoted regional economic transformation. Meanwhile, the role of Chinese government plays a policy guidance in incubation system, while promoting the transformation of government functions. To conclude this research, BIs are part of the Chinese innovation systems. There is an inseparable relationship between Chinese BIs and the government. The greater the government involvement in BIs support, the greater the interdependence of the BIs and the government. BIs are one of the important factors to facilitate the self-reform of the government, remodeling relations among the government, market and society. In the background of China's “new normal”, the findings of this study provides a future direction to investigate the innovation capability of BIs sustainability. To understand the overall picture of China's rapid growth economic development, the innovation capability of BIs sustainability is worthy of further investigation and discussion.
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