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本研究主要目的在於瞭解(一)精神障礙者成功適應工作的情形、(二)適應工作期間的權能感受，以及(三)就業服務人員協助其適應工作與增強其權能之策略運用。藉由受訪者回顧參與過渡性就業期間的經驗以瞭解工作適應狀況和權能感受間的關係和影響。研究中以質化之深度訪談法進行資料蒐集，研究參與者的選取主要是來自中華民國康復之友聯盟「台北交誼中心」和「高雄交誼中心」，涵蓋十位精神障礙會員與兩位就業服務人員，並以半結構式的訪談方式進行資料蒐集。本研究結果歸納為以下重點: 一、影響精神障礙者工作適應的因素，主要分為三大層面:個人(就業動機、個人特質與能力、面臨的工作困難、採取的因應方法)、人際(家庭系統與職場系統)、社會環境(會所模式與醫療院所)，而三者間具有循環且交互影響的作用。 二、精神障礙者的工作適應情況，則可區分為以下三個指標:外在滿意度(出席狀況、準時、工作主動性、工作專注力、工作配合度、工作效率及雇主評價)、內在滿足(正向感受與負向感受)、以及工作任期，其中他們的外在工作表現多能達到雇主要求，內在滿足則是正向感受遠多於負向感受，而工作任期是綜合外在滿意度與內在滿足的工作適應表現，他們皆能穩定就業，達到工作期滿。 三、精神障礙者的權能感受與工作適應狀況息息相關，而多半展現在個人(能夠接納自己與肯定自我、覺察自我效能、建立正向自我形象、激發正向內在動力、自我增權、能夠自我選擇與決定、覺得與所處的環境有良好的適配度)與人際層面(具備與人溝通的知識和技巧、與他人互動時能肯定自我、能夠與他人形成夥伴關係、得到他人的尊重)。 四、就業服務員是精神障礙者的適應工作職場的支持主力，主要是扮演「先鋒」、「支持」與「後盾」等重要角色；亦是運用多元的增強權能策略提升其權能感受之關鍵人物。 五、依據精神障礙者的工作適應與權能感受型態區分為四大取向，分別為「內外權能展現取向」、「內在權能增強取向」、「外在支持調適取向」、「懷才不遇取向」。依循四取向之脈絡，筆者延伸發展出最為理想之核心類屬，即「內外權能實現取向」。 依據研究發現，筆者針對工作適應之關鍵角色--就業服務員提出下列幾點建議(一)對精神障礙者之個人處遇策略:增加精神障礙會員的社交能力、運用更多元的增強權能策略來激發復元因子；(二)催化雇主對精神障礙會員之認識與接納；(三)強化會所過渡性就業與就業職場間的連結；(四)建立友善且接納的社會環境。本研究結果分析與研究限制皆於文中提出說明，提供未來相關研究與實務之參考。 / The study explored the states of persons with psychiatric disability succeeding in work adjustment and empowerment during the Transitional Employment service, and the strategy that employment service staffs adopted to help psychiatric disabilities to adapt their jobs and empower them. Through the survey participants’experiences during the period of participating in the transitional employment service, the study attempted to find out the relationship between work adjustment and empowerment. Qualitative method of the profound experiences was utilized to collect data. The survey participants included 10 persons with psychiatric disability and 2 employment service staffs. All of them were selected from TAMI (The Alliance for the Mentally Ill of R.O.C.,Taiwan) and interviewed by using semi-structured interviewing method. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1.The factors that affected the work adjustment of persons with psychiatric disability were divided into three perspectives：individual (employment motivations, personal characteristic and capability, difficulties encountered at work, and the coping strategies), interpersonal (family and workplaces system) and social environment (the clubhouse and hospitals). Moreover, the three levels of factors had interactive impact on the subjects. 2.The state of psychiatric disability’s work adjustment was divided into three aspects：satisfactoriness (attendance, punctuality, positiveness, concentration, cooperation, working efficiency, and evaluation from the employers), satisfaction (positive and negative feelings),and tenure. For the most part, their performance at work could fulfill the employer’s requests, they have much more positive feelings than negative ones, and as the tenure, which was an integrated performance of both satisfactoriness and satisfaction, they were able to work steadily until the tenure expired. 3.To extend the psychiatric disability’s work adjustment and performance above, the empowerment of persons with psychiatric disability almost revealed itself at both individual (their capabilities to accept and approve of themselves, to perceive self-efficacy, to establish positive image, to stir positive internal motivation, to empower themselves, to make choices and decisions, and to fit the environment) and interpersonal (to possess the knowledge and techniques to communicate with others , to approve themselves while interacting with others, to build up partnership, and to obtain others’ respect) aspect. 4.Employment service staffs played an important role in supporting the psychiatric disability’s work adjustment at workspaces. For the most part, they served as pioneers, supporters, and backing; meanwhile, they were the key persons that adopted multiple strategies to empower the subjects. 5.Based on the states of work adjustment and empowerment, the subjects were categorized into four major types of orientation. Overall, the core category of the subjects extracted was “demonstration of internal and external power”. According to the findings, the investigator brought up some suggestions: 1.The treatment of psychiatric disability’s individual situation：improve psychiatric disability members’ ability to establish interpersonal relationship and adopt multiple empowerment strategies to stimulate resilience. 2.Encourage employers to understand and accept the psychiatric disability members. 3.Strengthen the connection between the Transitional Employment service of the clubhouse and workspaces. 4.Establish a friendly and acceptable social environment. The analysis and restriction of the study was brought up in the article, providing references to future related study and practice.

本研究的主要目的，在探討一般人對電視犯罪新聞的認知與態度，是否存在第三人效果（third-person effect），以及第三人效果是否會導致人們支持限制電視犯罪新聞。Davison在1983年提出的第三人效果假說指出，人們會傾向認為，媒介訊息對自己的影響比較小，對他人的影響比較大。當媒介訊息使人們產生第三人效果認知時，人們會採取對應行動，為了保護他人不受訊息的負面影響而支持限制媒介。本研究以問卷調查法，訪問大台北地區969位大學生，結果發現受訪大學生傾向認為，電視犯罪新聞對自己的負面影響比較小，對他人的負面影響比較大。其次，受訪大學生人認為電視犯罪新聞對他人的負面影響愈大，愈傾向支持限制電視犯罪新聞。 本研究較特別之處，是探討犯罪受害恐懼感（fear of crime）、第三人效果與支持限制電視犯罪新聞的關係。本研究發現，受訪大學生的犯罪受害恐懼感愈高，愈傾向認為電視犯罪新聞對他人有較大的負面影響，也愈支持限制電視犯罪新聞。 本研究是國內第一個以「電視犯罪新聞」為主題的第三人效果研究，除了再度驗証了第三人效果理論，也對未來的相關研究提出了具體的建議和方向。

本文主題為清末民初繼受而來的「債權相對性」法理，透過史料文獻的耙梳，研究債權相對性法理的定義、發展，比較古今相關的規範、裁判，並著重於繼受初期的民初大理院，以大理院的判決例為中心，釋明該院如何從審判的實然面實踐法理，適用的法理表徵何等思想，又應如何評價繼受過程的時代意義。 首先整理羅馬法、德國法中債法的流變，債權相對性理論乃漸進發展，非一蹴可幾。至晚清民初清廷繼受近代歐陸法律，債權相對性法理也在這過程中，呈現於《大清民律草案》的債編編首和條文的立法理由中——特定人使他特定人為一定行為的權利。雖民國政府並未公布《大清民律草案》，審理民事案件時無法直接適用法條，但草案表徵的近代民法法理，包含債權相對性法理，大理院以法理之名，偷渡、實踐於審判中。 然而，民初大理院面對傳統法思想、意識仍深植少變的社會，適用債權相對性法理時，遇到最大的困難為：傳統中國法律中，並不存在現代意義下的債權相對性法理，規範闕如，繼受前的清代判牘中，亦不見特定人對特定人為一定給付的法理存在。耙梳清代地方「錢債田土案件」，當事人的範圍必須從全體社會關係切入定義，給付金額也不必然等於契據中的數額，無論錢債、田土糾紛的主體或客體，都由地方官依「情理」判定。 因此，大理院必須清楚定義、靈活適用債權相對性法理，本文將判例的實際體現分為主、客體兩種類型：①主體相對性：債之關係中的當事人相對特定，不得對特定人以外之人主張，此概念觀諸出賣他人（共有人）之物、買賣破租賃，以及一物二賣等類型案件即明；②客體相對性：債權債務範圍、內容相對特定，除當事人意定或法定外，債權人請求受領或債務人應給付者，限於「特定之給付」，這部分又與傳統中國行政、司法權糾纏有關。 與債權相對性相關的大理院案件中，可以看出大理院大致堅持適用近代繼受法理，駁斥下級審判廳「准情度理」的審判方式，不論直接適用新式法理，或是在既有的舊法框架上注入近代民法的詞彙、思想，都是以繼受法理為裁判的小前提，不同的審判依據也漸漸影響下級審判廳和一般人民的法思想、意識。然而，當適用債權相對性法理，將衝擊社會根本的家族主義價值時，大理院選擇妥協、微調，以漸進、婉轉的方式改變傳統的習慣，避免過渡激烈的改變，造成人民對審判不信任，影響社會秩序。故本文以債權相對性法理為中心，觀察大理院在變與未變的時空點，其實踐法理的果斷決心和對於法理適用的取捨標準，毋寧更值得後人設身處地於過去的時空氛圍中省思。

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京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(薬科学) / 甲第23839号 / 薬科博第154号 / 新制||薬科||17(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院薬学研究科薬科学専攻 / (主査)教授 金子 周司, 教授 土居 雅夫, 教授 竹島 浩 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(薬学) / 甲第23849号 / 薬博第856号 / 新制||薬||242(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院薬学研究科薬学専攻 / (主査)教授 寺田 智祐, 教授 金子 周司, 教授 土居 雅夫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

本論文藉由梳理台灣原住民與基督宗教相遇的歷史，以及閱讀原住民族文學作品，思考台灣原住民普遍信仰基督宗教的原因。本研究主張，基督宗教在宣稱治癒台灣原住民受苦經驗的同時，也強化了使原住民受苦的社會制度與現狀。若不正視基督宗教造成的陷阱，將使原住民陷入更深的受苦狀態而無力反駁。 本文以「治癒」強調基督宗教對台灣原住民有治療情感、社群、文化受創的意義。對基督宗教的信任與依賴，逐漸使原住民內化基督宗教思維的人觀、宇宙觀，與原住民原有的文化思維相互交融、彼此改造。但基督宗教教義中隱含的單一價值判斷、崇尚進步與乾淨的倫理觀念，是另一種立基於現代進步想像的壓迫制度。這種排外的價值體系將強化使人受苦的秩序，無助於撼動現行的制度與價值標準。本文以「網羅」強調基督宗教為台灣原住民帶來文化、政治、人格上的危害。若要真正解決原住民的受苦經驗，必須持續書寫、閱讀弱勢族群的負面情緒，藉此想像一個不再為現代價值綁架的秩序。唯有不斷的想像、嘗試界線的突破，才能為坐困愁城中的受苦之人，開啟改變的機會。

在資訊科技越來越蓬勃發展的情況下,也讓博物館能帶來更好的使用者體驗。而現今已有許多博物館使用這些新技術,提供觀眾更有趣且吸引人的內容。本研究與國立故宮博物院合作,而故宮近年來也致力於新科技的採用與發展,虛擬實境則是其中一個例子,因此本篇會著重在探討虛擬實境在博物館展覽上是否為有效提升觀眾觀展興趣的互動媒介。當使用者在使用互動媒介的時候,會讓他們產生一種類似”身歷其境的”感覺,我們稱為”telepresence”而這種感覺則會進一步影響他們對於博物館的觀展意願。因此本篇論文會針對虛擬實境跟不同的互動媒介做比較,藉以了解比起其他互動媒介,虛擬實境是否能更能提升使用者體驗,這裡為了普及性及取材方便,採用故宮網站及影片來做比較。而為了衡量使用者體驗,我們則採用”享受程度”及”專注程度”來測量不同互動媒介所帶給他們的影響;此外個性以及使用者的過去相關經驗也是影響他們享受程度的重要因素,因此本篇研究也有將此兩個調節變數納入考量。而實驗內容則是隨機分配使用者使用其中一樣媒介,實驗結束後填寫相對應的問卷。實驗結果證明了互動媒介如果能帶來越高的 telepresence,則使用者會有更高的專注程度,越高的專注程度能讓使用者有更高的享受程度,而享受程度及專注程度皆能帶來較好的使用者體驗,進一步影響使用者的觀展意願;但高程度的 telepresence 並不會對享受程度有所影響,可能是因為互動媒介本身內容使用者並沒有興趣的關係,而兩個調節變數雖同樣不顯著,但試著探索性分析後發現擁有外向個性的人相較於其他人,在使用互動媒介時能有更高的專注程度,這也是未來可研究的方向。總結來說,本篇研究證明了虛擬實境能帶來較高的專注力,且專注力與享受程度能進一步地引起使用者的觀展興趣。 / Information technologies provided important opportunities for museums to create more engaging visitor experience. Many museums have decided to adopt new technologies to provide more interesting and attracting offerings. This study collaborates with National Palace Museum and focus on investigating whether virtual reality is an effective communication medium for museum exhibition. When people use different communication medium they will have variety telepresence, and the telepresence may influences on their performance expectation. Therefore this study presented in this paper compared three communication mediums, video, website and virtual reality. For evaluating user experience, we took engagement and attention to measure the effect of telepresence; also the role of users’ personality and their prior experience of communication media in moderating these effects are also considered. The experiment is held in National Cheng-Chi University and the participators are all students from the university, we randomly let user use one of three communication medium then give them questionnaire after finishing the experiment. By the result of our research, we found that high level of telepresence can let the user more focus on the media, and higher attention can enforce their engagement, in the last, both attention and engagement can further impact user’s visitation behavior. In our result, even personality and relative experience are both insignificant, but we found that when using communication medium, extravert can have higher attention than the other users, it may be a future research. Overall, this study confirm that VR with higher telepresence can catch more attention from user, attention enforce their engagement, then higher level of attention and engagement create better user experience.

過去研究創業成功的文獻很多，但少有研究探索創業團隊在競賽中的成功因素以及心理歷程，因此本研究以試圖以歷程的角度探究心理特質對創業團隊表現之影響。 創業家的創新性和創業成功有正向關聯，而創業的高失敗率及高工作量讓創業家長期處於高壓環境，是以抗壓性高的創業家容易脫穎而出；此外，創業家對壓力跟挫折的反應型態(例如反芻)也可能會影響創業績效。故本研究選擇創新性、壓力忍受及反芻(苦惱自責及深思反省)作為預測變項，企圖了解這些心理特質在創業競賽中的角色以及它們之間的關係。 本研究以自陳問卷蒐集資料，第一部分收集1557份線上問卷，得有效樣本1265份，結果發現創業者的創新性、壓力忍受及深思反省都顯著高於未創業者，苦惱自責則沒有差異。第二部分的研究對象為104年度「創新創業激勵計畫(From IP to IPO, FITI)」入圍初選的創業團隊(競賽初期)，並重複測量成功晉級第二(競賽中期)及第三階段(競賽後期)之團隊。總計發出631份問卷，回收490份，回收率78%，共54組團隊。結果發現初期深思反省和中期苦惱自責能正向預測創業團隊是否晉級下一階段。重複測量入圍第三階段的團隊，發現競賽後期的壓力忍受顯著比競賽初期的高，競賽中期的苦惱自責顯著高於競賽初期。創業團隊的心理屬性中，初期深思反省及初期壓力忍受皆能正向預測初期及中期的創新性，中期壓力忍受能正向預測中期創新性，後期壓力忍受能正向預測後期創新性。此外，初期壓力忍受能完全中介初期深思反省與中期創新性之間的關係。 / Starting a business helps the country's economy and in recent years, there are various business plan contests held by the Taiwan's government and industries, wishing to encourage people to start business and help the starters to make their businesses more successful. Although there are many literatures that studied on successful start-up, there are not many studies really explored on the factors of succeed among different contests and entrepreneurial team members’ psychological processes during the contests. Therefore, in this study the researcher attempts to explore the impact brought by the psychological traits on the performance of entrepreneurial teams from the perspective of psychological process. There is a positive correlation between an entrepreneur's innovativeness and entrepreneurial success. The high failure rate and workload put an entrepreneur in an environment with high pressure for long period of time, and therefore only the entrepreneur with high stress tolerance will stand out. In addition, the way entrepreneurs respond to stress and frustration, such as rumination, will also have influence on the performance, so in this study, these psychological traits, such as innovativeness, stress tolerance and rumination (brooding rumination and reflective pondering rumination) as the predictor variables, in order to understand the role of these psychological traits in business plan contests and the relation among them. In the study, the researcher collected data by the approach of self-report questionnaires. Through the first part of collecting online questionnaires,the statistical survey was proceed with 1265 effective samples from 1557 questionnaires, and the results showed the entrepreneur’s traits such as innovativeness, stress tolerance and reflective pondering were significantly higher than non-entrepreneurs, and as to the trait of brooding, there is no difference. The participants in the second part are 54 entrepreneur teams attended 2015 FITI held by the Taiwan’s Ministry of Science and Technology. The results showed that, referring to the reflective pondering in the early stage and brooding in the middle stage can positively predict if the entrepreneurial teams could stay till the next stage. After repeatedly measuring the teams who successfully selected into the late stage, the researcher found that the stress tolerance they endured in the late stage of contest is significantly higher than the early stage of contest, and their brooding is significantly higher in the early stage than the middle stage of contest. Among the psychological traits of entrepreneurial teams, the reflective pondering and the stress tolerance in the early stage both can positively predict the innovativeness of early and middle stages, as the stress tolerance in the middle stage can positively predict the innovativeness in the middle stage, and the stress tolerance in the late stage can positively predict the innovativeness in the late stage. In addition, early stage stress tolerance can fully mediate the relation between early stage reflective pondering and middle stage innovativeness.