專利檢索與分析對於企業、研發機構、學術單位等等不同性質的專利權人，在智慧財產經營與管理上扮演著決策參考的重要角色，由於目前存在著許多似是而非的方法與理論，透過適當的檢索方法及分析架構、利用方便的工具進行專利檢索，應用實際的方法進行專利分析，將技術與專利佈署的靜態資訊，授權、訴訟、轉讓、設質等動態資訊這些龐大資料轉化成具有結構化、系統化的統計資料，藉以分析專利權人佈署專利的軌跡，並且提供作為商業決策之參考的分析流程更顯出相當程度的困難，這些種種的困難點出了專利檢索與專利分析正確與客觀的重要性。 因此本研究之目的將包括以下各點： 一、檢討既有國內外專利檢索系統、專利地圖分析方法之優缺；研究國內外數個相關專利檢索系統（國內：Patent Guider、Patent Pilot，國外：Derwent、Delphion）的現況，分析界面、功能的差異，並且探討系統中對於專利分析方法的優缺。 二、檢視過去專利檢索的迷思與探討使用者對於專利分析方法的需求與期望；根據現有專利檢索系統的設計、專利檢索的方法、檢索結果的解讀，提出在整個檢索流程所引發的迷思，衍生探討使用者對於專利檢索與專利地圖的需求與期望；從不同使用者的角度探討專利檢索與專利地圖所應提供的訊息與功能，針對該些需求予以定義，並且分類、分級群組化；並從本章所研究的兩個主題綜合起來，將現狀的專利檢索迷思與使用者需求作為問題探討的重點，並試著在第四章提出檢索流程的步驟與專利分析的新方法。 三、解析專利地圖檢索流程，專利檢索的步驟與流程不外乎如下「釐清檢索的目的、界定檢索的範圍、善用檢索的工具、客觀的檢索方法、呈現檢索的結果」，先判斷使用者的需求在哪裡為出發點，並且還原產業鏈、價值鏈、供應鏈與產品、產值、地區、公司的交互關係，從中尋找深入研究或分析的目標產品、地區、公司，此時方能根據產品組合開始進行技術結構的拆解與專利的對應，若缺乏以上步驟，將會落入過去專利檢索的迷思，也達不到任何作用。 四、設計客觀的專利分析方法，提出新的報表與設計的概念及分析方法，分別界定表格的組成、不同的欄位定義、資料來源、操作界面與方式、限制條件，並且與前章所探討的使用者需求做連結，新設計的報表以產品組合、技術結構作為專利檢索的核心，利用樹狀階層關係展開產品或系統的模組、元件、結構、製程和對應的衍生技術，清楚地界定檢索標的，搜尋正確的專利資料後，還需要客觀可靠的分析方法，從使用者的需求對應設計報表所需的欄位和非專利資料來源，設定表格的定義，最後在解讀表格中數字與欄位的意義。 在檢討了過去專利檢索系統與分析的方法之後，整理出四項現有問題「專利數量迷思、數量指標公式、依賴專利分類、專利導出市場」，這些問題嚴重影響了既有的專利地圖正確性、客觀性與可行性，且本論文歸納提出五個革新「資料來源豐富化、操作界面整合化、檢索流程模組化、檢索方法彈性化、分析方法客觀化」，為了追求專利地圖能對使用者有著更為實際的幫助，應屏除過去的缺失，以嶄新的觀念與方法進行專利檢索與分析以獲得更為正確、客觀且可行性高的豐富結果。 關鍵字：專利檢索、專利分析 / The patent retrieval and the analysis acts an important character as policy-making reference in the intellectual property management regarding the enterprises, the research and development institutions, the academia and so on the other difference assignees. At present, there are many specious methods and the theories about the region. Therefore, it appears difficult to utilize an appropriate tool with an objectively analysis method for transforming static and corresponding dynamic information of patent into structured and systematized data so as to analyze patent disposition path of each assignee. What described above emphasizes the important of accurate patent retrieval and objective patent analysis. Therefore goal of the this thesis includes 4 subjects as below: First, the analysis methods of bygone patent map are studied through reviewing 4 patents retrieval system including domestic and foreign ones. I researched 4 patents retrieval systems which domestic: Patent Guider, Patent Pilot, overseas: Derwent, Delphion, and addressed differences between them by comparing each other’s present situation, data sources, user interface, functions, and so on. Second, the fallacy of the past patent retrieval procedure is inspected. According to the existing patent retrieval system design, the patent retrieval method, and how to read out from retrieval result, this thesis proposes some problems in the past patent retrieval procedure and discusses in detail the user’s demand and expectation for the patent retrieval and analysis. Third, I researched and analyzed the patent retrieval procedure so as to emit a new process. The patent retrieval procedure in steps is nothing more than as follows "sort out a clear goal, limits a reasonable scope, utilize a proper tool, adopt an objective method, present the retrieval result”. It gauges user’s demands first, then finds target products, areas, and companies to be researched and analyzed deeply later from the alternately relations of the actual industry chain, the value chain, the supply chain, the target products with their output value, different areas, and companies. Based upon the new process, the patent retrieval process and result will be clear and useful, if the technical structure of target products is expanded to find out the correspondence between patents and market information. Fourth, chapter 4 of the thesis presents an objective method for analyzing patents. This paragraph proposed new analysis forms with its data sources, definitions, user interface, and the limiting conditions within the analysis method linked to the user’s demand. The core of patent retrieval in the new analysis forms is the technical structure that is expanded as modules, components, structural technology, and process technology in a hierarchical way within the target product. After stacking out the retrieval target, the method defines every analysis forms and non-patent material using an objective and reliable way. After examined past patent retrieval system and the analysis method, the thesis reorganizes four existing questions "the fallacy of patent quantity, the quantitative index formula, the over dependence on patent classification, the patent derives the market". These questions have seriously affected accurateness, objectiveness, and the feasibility of the bygone patent map. Therefore, in order to pursue the patent map to be able to have a more actual help to the user, we should eliminate the past fallacy to carry on the patent retrieval and analysis by the brand-new idea and the method. Besides the conclusion, the thesis also inducts 5 innovations "diversifying the data sources, integrating the user interfaces, modularizing the retrieval process, the flexible retrieval method, the objective analysis method". Keywords: patent retrieval, patent analysis

本研究利用專利檢索與分析來探討靈芝產業中專利佈局情況，技術領域現況及發展重點，產業中的競爭者、合作者及廠商，以及得知靈芝於全球、區域或不同國家的產品應用情況。研究範圍以廣泛使用之靈芝（Ganoderma lucidum）及松杉靈芝（Ganoderma tsugae）為主要研究對象，分析範圍包括其子實體、菌絲體及擔孢子各部位外，亦包含其所含之各種活性成分及各類相關應用。 透過分析PCT、美國、台灣及中國大陸之靈芝相關專利，將專利件數、國際專利分類表分析（又稱為IPC分類分析）及專利權人分析等結果製成圖表並對照產業資訊後可得知：（1）韓國及中國大陸為主要的靈芝消費市場，其中中國大陸消費市場正逐年擴大，且產品種類繁多，為全球最重要的靈芝消費市場；（2）靈芝普遍以醫藥品開發及保健產品應用為最主要的技術發展方向，而醫藥品研發則以抗腫瘤及治療免疫或過敏疾病為主要治療的疾病；（3）不同國家靈芝研發領域有些許差異，美國及歐洲國家主要針對特定細胞株或特定疾病之醫藥品開發，而韓國或中國大陸則是以靈芝保健食品開發或傳統複方製劑為主要產品開發方向；（4）靈芝產業中的競爭國家有美國、日本、中國大陸及韓國；（5）台灣有數家廠商於不同國家進行專利佈局，其中中央研究院內靈芝多醣體團隊其專利產出最為亮眼，為國際上具有相當研發能力之機構；（6）台灣靈芝相關的研發能力仍優於中國大陸，專利品質較佳，故於靈芝產業中台灣廠商仍具有相當之優勢；（7）靈芝醫藥品開發之專利佈局以美國最為完整，而中國大陸則是在靈芝子實體栽種及茶代用品的專利數量較其他兩國家為多。 / This study is to explore the use of patent search and patent analysis in understanding the situation of current patent portfolio, technology mainstream development, competitors, collaborators, and their applications within the Ganaderma industry at the national, regional as well as international levels. Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma tsugae are the subjects in this study. The areas of investigation included different forms of fruiting bodies, mycelium, basidiospores, their active components as well as their respective applications. In this study, Ganoderma related patents in US, Taiwan, China as well as international patents under PCT (Patent Corporation Treaty) were searched and studied. By incorporating the industrial information together with visual display of the related patent information using tables and graphs, the following conclusions can be obtained: (1) Korea and China are the main consumer markets of Ganoderma in the world, especially China market is expanding every year with various categories of product; (2) the mainstream technologies are health related products such as dietary supplements and medicinal preparations for the use as antineoplastic, immunological or allergic agents; (3) Ganoderma is investigated in various fields among varous countries; for example, the focus of United States and European countries are concentrated in medicinal use of Ganoderma for specific cell line and treatment of diseases whereas China and Korea are concentrated in the dietary supplements and classical complex mixture preparation development; (4) the United States, Japan, China and Korea are the major marketers as well competitors among each other in Ganoderma industry; (5) several firms in Taiwan own patent portfolio in more than one country, and among them Academia Sinica is considered one of the best in the world; (6) the quality and strength of Taiwan patents is considered better than China; as such Taiwan Ganoderma industry should have superior capability in technology development compared to China; (7) in the field of medicinal product development and treatment of diseases, United States is the distinct leader in the patent landscape whereas China patents are concentrated in Ganoderma fruit body cultivation and their use as tea substitutes.

全球日益嚴重的環境問題多為科技進步所帶來的副作用，科技發展確實為人們帶來許多好處，但同時也破壞了人們所居住的環境。當某些科技被發現對人類和自然環境為有害時，通常原採用此科技的企業會在消費大眾的輿論、政府法規或國際公約的規範壓力之下，停止使用此污染的科技和停止生產相關的產品。另一方面，企業、學術或研究單位也會積極研發相關的替代科技和產品。但污染技術的發展是否就如我們所想像的，會終結於政府法令或國際公約的規範、管制之下？本研究試圖以CFC（氟氯碳化物）破壞臭氧層的例子透過相關專利的分析來觀察此技術和替代技術的發展歷程。 就CFC技術的發展過程，加以相關文獻回顧，提出三項研究問題： 一、當CFC初步被發現會對臭氧層造成破壞，但尚無實際科學證據時，其相關的應用技術是否不再發展？同時，是否會有相關的替代技術開始發展？ 二、當政府頒布法令以禁止CFC的製造和使用時，其相關應用技術是否不再發展？同時，其相關的替代技術是否會增加？ 三、當1987年「蒙特婁議定書」國際公約規範形成，並開始管制CFC之生產和使用後，其相關應用技術是否不再發展？同時，其相關的替代技術是否會大增？ 根據本研究專利分析之驗證，獲得以下結論： 1.當污染的因果關係被發現時，若原科技具污染性的科學證據仍不足、大量原設備仍有很長的使用壽命、替代品的價格相對較為昂貴，則企業為維持既有市場利益，污染技術繼續被使用、相關應用技術仍繼續發展，而替代技術發展開始起步，但開發的情形並不積極。 2.當政府頒布法規來管制污染科技的製造和使用，但若管制範圍僅限於單一國家區域內，企業仍可在其他非管制的國家區域進行製造和使用原污染科技，則污染科技會繼續發展，且替代技術開發的壓力不大，以致成效不彰。 3.當國際間有公約規範形成，並開始管制污染科技的生產和消費時，因為國際公約為世界全面性的管制，且管制的時程具有階段性，則污染技術之發展隨即轉為衰退，且為「逐漸」的減少、衰退。迫使企業必須逐漸停止使用污染技術及其應用之開發，轉而積極投入研發新的替代技術，使替代技術有蓬勃的發展，因此國際公約為影響污染技術和替代技術發展非常重要的因素。 4.在專利審查制度對污染技術發展的影響方面，於政府頒布禁令、國際公約簽署開始管制污染技術的生產和使用之後，仍有使用污染技術專利出現的情形。此係企業為了保有技術的完整性、盡量擴大其專利範圍，於專利範圍中列出該技術所有可使用的化學物質，其中含有已被管制之污染物質。然而專利審查制度中，實用性只考慮該技術是否「能夠」被實施，並未考慮到是否「被允許」實施。因此，雖然新技術的實施並不「必然」要使用舊技術，但新技術專利範圍中含有可使用舊技術的情形，仍可能增加舊技術的需求，因為其價格較低，在開發中或落後國家繼續被使用而造成環境的危害。而專利具有擴散技術知識的功能，因此專利的實用性應考量應用的原料是否環保，為減少污染物質被使用的機會，應除去其中之污染物質。

專注於科技創新並將之轉化為智慧財產權的應用，可說是通訊產業競爭的關鍵因素；專利不但是通訊科技演變與進步的註腳，也相當程度地解釋了為什麼Ericsson與Nokia之所以屹立不搖，為何Qualcomm得以崛起，為何Ericsson與Sony要合資成立索尼愛立信，又為何NTT DoCoMo的i-mode得以成為今日全世界最成功的無線上網服務，而Lucent與Siemens又為什麼無奈地逐漸淡出市場？答案就是科技的創新與管理！ 本研究試圖在既有的競爭與策略的理論上，以專利為核心，來探討電信事業如何在飽和的行動通訊市場，透過專利的取得，獲致先進的技術，進入新市場，以強化自身競爭優勢；進而藉由授權及執行之策略運用，佈建專利保護網，排除競爭對手進入市場；同時利用專利創造公司財富、提高股東價值，並可作為併購、合資等談判籌碼，以達到產業控制等目的。 因此，本論文即在探討電信事業如何運用專利策略，以創造績效，項目如下： 一、探討電信事業的專利現況並做案例分析。 二、探討電信事業如何運用其專利，並結合運用國內、外專利策略的理論。 三、訪談電信事業經理人，探討專利如何從行銷、技術與法律面達成公司目標。 四、探討電信事業如何利用專利作為談判籌碼，以便在各種交易中取得優勢。 本文以圖表方式呈現台灣五個主要電信事業的專利現況，先依據各業者申請中華民國、美國以及中華人民共合國之專利項目與數量，比較何者擁有最多專利權；進而探討其是否也相對的具有最強的競爭優勢。並以實際案例呈現台灣主要電信事業發生之專利糾紛，及其如何研擬與執行專利策略，並與理論作如何之結合。 從本研究之實際案例與專利策略模型得之，企業應該在平時就體認專利不只是技術部門或法律部門的業務，公司高階主管更要認知專利策略與公司的行銷策略或財務目標是緊密結合的。尤其應該要求專業經理人將專利資產視為「企業家精神」的一環來重視與培養，如此一來，專利策略的成本效益就得以自然顯現，並與公司的行銷策略與營運目標相互結合。 關鍵字：電信、產業鏈、專利、策略、專利策略、專利分析 / Focusing on innovation and make it a strategy of IPR is one of the sustainable factors of telecom operation in such a fierce competition. Why Nokia and Ericsson keep their competitiveness ? Why NTT DoCoMo and its i-mode are so successful ? Why Lucent and Siemens both fall behind from their telecom competitors ? The same reason in common is technology innovation and management. Patent strategy primarily includes 3 parts,which are obtaining patent rights, creating patent value, and enforcing them. Patent strategy should run with Marketing strategy so as to apply patents as an isolating mechanism to deterrent other competitors, and to leverage patents to maximize income or using patents as bargaining chips to strengthen companys’ position in dealing with the third parties, as well as to defend themselves against patents owned by others. As a result, patent decisions become sources of dynamic capabilities in the never ended competition. In this paper, 2 qualitative analysis researches are presented. First, there are several patent award lists of Taiwan’s three major mobile companies breaking down by ROC, USA and PRC respectively. Secondly, 5 in-depth interviews with 4 high rank managers of Fareastone and it patent law firm were made to show how FET perform it patent strategy against a service product made by another mobile company and software company. This thesis is to provide telecom companies with a successful case study in formulating a patent strategy and expects to raise the suggestion for managers in telecom industries regarding the strategic importance of patents and patents management should be part of the “Entrepreneurship”. Keywords: Telecom, value chain, Patent, Strategy, Patent strategy, Patent analysis

隨著台灣產業投入於技術的研發資源增加，近幾年台灣於美國專利商標局（USPTO）獲得之專利數也呈正比例上升；然而投入研發資源之「量」的增加以及獲得的專利數上升，並不代表研發成果「質」的等比例提升。這一點可從台灣企業及政府研發單位所獲得的專利，其國際專利引證率遠低於平均值，可見一般。 究其原因，一部分的問題在於台灣的企業（及政府研發單位）於最開始各相關資訊的搜集上不夠完全以及沒有一套良好的開發評估程序供其依循，這使得研發方向及標的的確立上有所偏差，而導致研發結果與商業需求有落差。 基於上述背景及動機之下，本研究的重點在於確立一套資訊收集及分析評估流程，以幫助台灣的企業（及政府研發單位）有效降低研發成本、提升研發方向的正確性，更進一步做為其決定研發策略的參考依據。 本研究之目的，即在於以產業分析、技術分析、專利地圖分析三個具邏輯順序性的外部分析為主軸，並結合組織本身核心技術、網絡關係等與組織相關之分析，來對組織的未來研發標的作一評估及策略建議。 本研究最後得到了以下的發現： 1. 市場□技術□專利之研發評估程序具有分析邏輯性。 2. 「市場需求研究」所找到的產品「需求功效」，可推導出達成功效可能的技術，並可藉此確立出專利分析時需要的「技術項目」。 3. 「市場需求」研究所找到的產品「需求功效」，可推導出達成「功效」所需要的「技術項目」，再以此去進行專利地圖的「技術/功效」二維關聯矩陣分析時，技術軸面項目與功效軸面項目兩者因具有因果性，故其相交關聯性極易判斷，也很容易明確定義出哪一個技術/功效相交關聯洞是有意義的、是可實際進行研發的。 4. 以產業市場□技術□專利三程序所完成的的「技術/功效」二維關聯矩陣圖，雖可容易的定義出哪一個技術/功效相交關聯洞是有意義的、是可實際進行研發的，但「哪一個可實際進行研發的技術/功效相交關聯洞具有較高關鍵性、重要性及有較高開發價值？」仍需藉由對技術及產業價值鍊熟悉的專家意見才可做出判斷。 5. 此方式組成的技術/功效二維關聯矩陣不但可看到目前已知的技術/功效相關聯部份（如本研究中的主要關鍵技術與主要關鍵功效相交處）專利佈局狀況，也可看出在未來的技術/功效相聯部份（如本研究中的主要輔助關鍵技術與輔助關鍵功效相交處）專利可能發展方向。 6. 產業市場分析、技術分析、專利地圖分析等三個組織外部分析須再配合組織原有的核心技術與網絡關係的評估，才可正確制定出組織未來研發的路徑及作為。 / Along with the enterprise and government investment increasing to the technical research ＆ development（R＆D） resources, Taiwan obtains the US patent number also to present the proportional rise in recent years; however, the investment of research ＆ development resources and the granted patent number are not proportional to the quality of research ＆ development achievement. This can be proved by the lower patent citation rate of Taiwan enterprises and the government research ＆ development institutes than the international mean value. Investigates its reasons, part of questions is that most of the enterprises (and government research ＆ development institutes) do not collect enough market information and do not have a set of good research ＆ development assessment procedure while the beginning of R＆D project in Taiwan. This causes that the research and development direction and target has a deviation, and causes that the research and development result and the commercial demand have the dropping variance. Based on the above background and the motive, this research key point lies in establish a flow of information collections and the analysis appraisal. It also helps Taiwan’s enterprises and government’s R＆D institutes effectively reduce the research and development cost, and promote research and development direction accuracy, further help for making the decision of research and development strategies. The goal of this research, namely lies in take the industrial analysis, the technical forecast, the patent map study three logic order exterior analysis as a main axle, and combine itself core technology and the network relations of organization to suggest organization's future target of research ＆ development. By this research, we discover 1. The R＆D appraisals procedure of market-technology-patent has analysis logic. 2. The marketing research finds the demands of consumers, and the demands of consumers may infer to the functions of products, and the functions of products may infer to the possible technology sources. 3. The possible technology sources may form the technical items of patent analysis matrix, and the functions of products may form the functional items of patent analysis matrix. 4. The two-dimensional technical/functional patent matrix completed by the market-technology-patent three procedures can easily define which technical/functional intersectional connection hole can be affiliated; however, to judge which technical/functional intersectional connection hole is more important still needs the advice of experts familiar to the technology and the industrial value chain. 5. The three organization exterior analyses of market analysis, technical analysis and patent map study have to coordinate the organization original core technology and the network relations appraisal.

台灣最早投入TFT LCD是在1991年。發展早期只有兩家小公司，且受困於日本的技術屏障以及經營規模，一直無法有大格局的突破。直到1998年起，由於經濟開始衰退，日本方才開始陸續釋出TFT LCD相關技術，以授權或技轉方式讓技術開始擴散，此時方有多家台灣廠商開始陸續投入TFT LCD這個行業。 經過多年的努力，政府也漸漸開始重視TFT LCD產業，並且在2003年提出「兩兆雙星」五年國家經濟發展計畫，提供各種資源，全力扶植IC與TFT LCD兩項產業，其中TFT LCD被看好是台灣下一個產值破兆的產業，繼晶元代工之後下一個延續國家科技命脈的蓬勃生機。 從早期多數人連什麼是LCD都沒聽過，迄今八年時間，台灣LCD產業已經蓬勃發展，不僅擁有多家世界級大廠，亦成為全球平面顯示器重鎮。2007年也是台灣TFT LCD面板廠自成立以來最賺錢的一年，台灣整體平面顯示器產值首次超越韓國，整體產值並首度破兆，達到1兆2,849億台幣，其中台灣TFT LCD的產值就佔1兆2,149億台幣，佔全球TFT LCD總產值的44.5%。截至2007年為止，台灣本土TFT LCD上下游產業相關廠商共超過九十家，貢獻台灣GDP超過13%。 本文希望以TFT LCD上游材料行業背光模組為例，進行智慧財產與產業調查之工作，試著審視台灣TFT LCD關鍵零組件「背光模組」主要參與者之專利，藉由連結傳統專利分析與產業分析，從中找到能結合產業事實、專利品質和重要性的研究方法與結果，期能為台灣的背光模組行業，甚至是廣義的TFT LCD零組件行業提出一點意見與貢獻。 / Taiwan first engaged in TFT LCD industry in 1991. Only two small companies involved in the early stage; because of technical barriers established by Japan and insufficient economic scale of operation, there had been no breakthrough. Until 1998, the recession began, so that Japanese began to release the TFT LCD-related technologies by licensing or technology transfer, and resulting in the spread of technology. At this stage there are several Taiwanese manufacturers began to actively engage in TFT LCD industry. After years of efforts, the government has gradually begun to pay attention to TFT LCD industry. In 2003 the government put forward the "Two Trillion, Twin Stars" five-year national economic development plan, said plan provides resources to fully support both IC and TFT LCD industry, wherein TFT LCD is deemed next trillion industry, like Foundry, and may continue the lifeline of national science and technology. In the beginning, most people never heard of LCD. After eight years, Taiwan's LCD industry has flourished, not only has a number of world-class factories, but also has become a global center for flat panel displays. 2007 is also the most profitable year for Taiwan TFT LCD panel makers since their establishment. Taiwan's overall output value of flat panel displays exceed Korea for the first time; the overall revenue is about one trillion 2,849 billion Taiwan dollars, wherein Taiwan's TFT LCD accounted for 1 trillion 2,149 million Taiwan dollars, which also accounts for 44.5% share of the global TFT LCD output value. As of 2007, there are over 90 Taiwan companies related to TFT LCD industries, said companies contribute over 13% of GDP in Taiwan. This author wishes to take TFT LCD backlight industry as an example, performing investigation of intellectual property and industrial work, and try to examine the key patents of key players in the industry. The author looks forward to finding a new way to combine traditional patent analysis and industry analysis method, and make some contribution to the industry.

顯示器在日常生活中應用廣泛，未來市場發展朝向大尺寸、畫面精緻度兩方面發展，在畫面精緻度方面，目前主要發展技術有二：OLED及量子點，由於OLED尚有產品壽命短、畫面殘影、成本較高等缺點待克服，且在製程上與現今主流LCD相差甚多，因此本研究針對另一可能發展之技術－量子點進行研究，了解產業現況、技術發展趨勢，並給予台灣相關企業建議。 本研究蒐集與專利品質相關的專利量化指標－專利家族規模、申請專利範圍項數、引用專利數、被引用次數及專利年齡，並利用主成分分析法計算專利品質方程式，以針對研究範圍內的專利進行品質排序，並且蒐集專利權人相關市場及專利活動資訊。在專利分析部分將產業區分上、中、下游三區位進行分析，每一產業區位包含重點專利、重要專利權人分析，在中游部分，另進行專利權人研發專利佈局分析，以專利活動程度與專利品質兩軸向衡量市場競爭者之地位。 研究結論首先將總結如何以專利量化指標衡量專利品質，接者以專利分析結果說明量子點顯示技術整體產業發展現況，並歸納台灣企業未來策略。近年投入研究之企業、申請專利數量漸增，但目前尚無企業在此技術領域處於領導者之地位，上游企業的研發方向多是改善LED背光源各波長強度不均的問題，可加強與量子點研發製造商的合作；中游企業需注意韓國廠商大量申請專利所帶來的效果及部分專利權人專利活動程度低，然而握有高品質專利，對其他企業可能造成威脅；下游企業則須思考如何以其他關鍵技術搭配量子點顯示器，研發符合消費者需求之產品。研究最後，針對以專利量化指標進行專利品質分析的過程進行檢討，給予未來研究建議。 / Nowadays displays have wide applications in our daily life, people are looking forward to large size displays and high image performance displays. OLEDs and Quantum dots are the most important technologies which may enhance the image performance. However, OLEDs have some key disadvantages, including the high price, the motion blur and the short lifespan. Therefore, this study focused on Quantum dots. By looking into the industry and realizing the development of Quantum dots, this study gave advice to related companies in Taiwan. To measure the value of patents, we collected five quantifiable indicators of each patent－the patent age, the size of patent family, the amount of claims, forward and backward citations. Then, we calculated the weight of each indicators by Principal Component Analysis（PCA）. As the result, the value of patents were estimated. In the chapter of patent analysis, we classified patents and patentees to the upper, middle and lower stream, each category included the analysis of important patents and patentees. In the middle stream, we also analyzed the patent portfolio, according to two axis－the patent activity and the patent quality proposed by Ernst in 1998. In sum, this study found that companies invested and researched in the industry increasingly; however, there was no company at the leader position. In the upper stream, companies were improving the intensity of different wavelengths in the backlight, cooperating with quantum dot suppliers could be a good strategy for those companies. In the middle stream, Taiwan companies should pay attention on competitors locating in the high patent activity and the low patent activity but high patent quality. In the lower stream, products disposed quantum dots should also fit in needs of customers. Finally, this study reviewed the analysis of patent quantifiable indicators and gave suggestions for the future research.

在技術快速變遷的環境中，如何迅速掌握與研發相關的情報以協助研發決策的制訂，已經成為企業重要的競爭優勢來源。近年來，由於電腦運算能力的快速提昇，使用電腦輔助企業自動、快速地從大量增加的科技資訊（特別是專利和論文）中淬取出攸關的資訊，就成為了近年來產業界和學術界積極研究的目標。 在眾多方法中，使用書目計量分析和專利分析方法是最引人注目的方法之一。使用書目計量分析和專利分析可以從龐大的論文和專利資訊中，快速瞭解科技發展的動態：包括瞭解科技發展的階段為何，熱門的科技領域為何，重要的作者和企業為何等等。然而，現階段的書目計量分析和專利分析雖然可以協助瞭解科技發展的全貌，對於科技發展下技術發明活動與科學研究活動的關聯性，以及不同的科技發展階段裡發明人和作者的動態關係，卻仍然缺少相關的研究。 因此，本研究提出以下三點研究問題： 1. 不同類型的論文作者和專利發明人的科學研究／技術發明活動，與技術發展階段的關聯性為何？ 2. 發明作者的技術發明／科學研究活動與一般發明人或作者的差異為何？ 3. 發明作者的技術發明活動與科學研究活動關係為何？ 針對以上的研究問題，本研究首先通過回顧相關文獻以建立分析發明人和作者的研究架構，再蒐集專利和論文的資料並依照架構的需要處理資料，最後進行分析與討論以得到研究結論。 本研究主要獲得以下三點研究結論： 1. 天才發明人是技術發展處於萌芽期時專利發明的要角，而關鍵發明人大多在技術發展進入成長期時才投入專利發明。至於頂尖作者，則在技術發展的萌芽期、成長期和成熟期都是論文發表的要角。 2. 關鍵發明人有很高的機會是頂尖作者，而發明作者如果不是關鍵發明人，則其專利發明的表現有略高的機會較其他發明人更差。 3. 大部份發明作者的專利發明活動在論文發表活動之後；但是關鍵發明人則較傾向先申請專利，再發表主題高度相關的論文。 / Mining information to improve corporate R&D decision making had been an important source of competitive advantage in the rapid changing technological environment. Recently, extracting relevant information quickly and automatically from massive amount of technological data (especially patent and scientific publications) with the aide of computer had become an active research area for both industrial and academic researchers due to ever-growing computing power. Among the methods of retrieving technological information, bibliometrics and patent analysis are two of the most attractive ones. Bibliometrics and patent analysis provide a quick way to capture the dynamics of technological development, including the stage of technological development, active technological research area and important researchers/corporates, etc. Although bibliometrics and patent analysis are helpful to understand the landscape of technological development, there still lacks researches about the relationship between scientific invention and research activities as well as the dynamics between patent inventors and publication authors along different stages of technological development. Hence, this research raises the following questions: 1. What is the relation between scientific research/invention activities and technological development stages for different categories of publication authors and patent inventors? 2. What is the difference of scientific research/invention activities between Inventor-Authors and other inventors/authors? 3. What is the relation between scientific research and invention activities of Inventor-Authors? This research reviews related researches to define a research framework connecting authors, inventors and technological development stages. Then patent and publication data are collected and processed based on the research framework. This research conclusion is made after analysis and discussion. Conclusion of the research includes the followings: 1. "Talent Inventors" play important role when the technological development is in "Emerging" stage, and "Key Inventors" starts patent inventions after the technological development enters "Growth" stage. "Top Authors" play important role across "Emerging", "Growth" and "Maturity" stages of technological development. 2. "Key Inventors" are more probable to be also "Top Author". "Inventor-Authors" who are not "Key Inventors" are more probably to perform worse than other inventors. 3. Most "Inventor-Authors" apply for patents after papers of highly related topics are published. But "Key Inventors" tend to apply for patents before papers of highly related topics are published.

在此網路普及、電子商務發展、全球化經營等趨勢下，倉儲管理要面對的是更有效與精確的處理以及儲存更多的品項，以較低的成本並滿足多樣的顧客需求；為維持企業競爭力，倉儲技術已經成為企業營運在產業競爭中的關鍵議題。 本研究是一個探索性的個案研究，研究對象為PCHome24小時購物事業部，分析基本架構為Chen(1996)所提出的動態競爭理論架構。依據PCHome論述有關倉儲管理的創新技術，透過專利資料分析，先以宏觀的角度來探討類似之倉儲管理技術樣貌，再以微觀的層面，探討其他擁有關聯性技術資源的廠商和PCHome 24小時購物之競爭關係以及策略。 研究結果顯示，擁有與PCHome 24小時購物創新倉儲管理類似技術的專利權人，其所屬於產業有與PCHome 24小時購物相同的電子商務，其他還有製造、健康照護、軟體資訊以及供應鍵自動化系統顧問服務業等，呈現多廣泛多元。依據Chen(1996)的動態競爭理論架構分析發現，擁有與PCHome所論述之創新倉儲管理技術概念類似技術專利的廠商，在不同的產業，依不同的市場共同性與專利技術資源相似程度，產生不同的市場策略與技術專利策略。其中包含PCHome面對相同市場時的優先專利佈局以防堵競爭對手進入策略，或透過專利訴訟發動攻擊性行動；面對已被專利的技術特徵時做回避以及差異化專利佈局以保護市場的防禦性行動；透過不同市場的相關專利技術做交叉授權或直接併購/取得技術專利授權，以強化自身專利技術來確保市場競爭力；以及最後，將其倉儲創新技術專利化商品化來開拓新市場，以及透過專利授權來賺取授權金以增加營收等策略。 / Basing on the popularity of internet, development of e-commerce, and business globalization, enterprises need more efficient and accurate warehouse management technology to meet diverse customer needs. In order to maintain the competitiveness of enterprises, innovative technology has become a key issue of the enterprises operating in industrial competition. This study is an exploratory case study and we select PCHome 24-hour Shopping as the subject. The foundation of this study is basing on the theoretical framework of dynamic competitive proposed by Chen (1996). According to the PCHome discourse on the warehouse management of innovative technologies, we started with the macro perspective to explore the similar appearance of the technologies basing on patent analysis; and then, to the micro level, we investigate the other enterprises which have similar technical resources and discuss their competitive relationship and business strategy of PChome. The results show that, the patentees which have similar technologies patents belong to diverse industries including e-commerce, manufacturing, health care, software information technology and supply chain automation systems consultancy services. Basing on the dynamic competitive framework, PCHome would produce different market strategy and patent strategy to the patentees depending on the market commonality and patented technology resources similarity. These competitive strategies include launching offensive action through patent litigation or attempt to prevent the entry strategies of competitors. Facing to the patentee who has patented similar technology, PCHome should avoid patented technical features and differentiate patent portfolio to protect the market. Further, through cross-licensing patented technology or directly to M & A / access to relate technology patents could strengthens the innovative technology to ensure market competitiveness. And finally, patenting or commercializing the innovative technologies could develop new markets, as well as through patents to earn licensing fees to increase revenues.

由於無形資產之重要，有效的管理方法亦相形重要，本文即探討其管理方法─智慧資源規劃。該方法強調智慧資本之管理應以全球為舞台，配合外界資訊並連結企業營運機能，與企業決策相輔相成，進而運籌智慧財產的型態、權能、組合及其佈署，再輔以網絡系統平台。其中智慧資本包括人力資本、關係資本、結構資本，結構資本下又包含已權利化的專利權、商標權、著作權等；外界資訊可藉由產業結構、價值鍊、產品組合、營收結構、技術結構進行分析；企業營運機能則包括研究開發、生產製造、市場行銷、侵權訴訟、授權技轉、財務會計、人力資源等企業活動。唯有如此，方能將提升智慧資本及企業之經濟價值。 本文就智慧資源規劃與傳統無形資產管理方法進行比較分析。其後並選擇IC設計產業之數位電視DVB-T技術為研究對象，並以智慧資本下已權利化、較具體之專利權進行分析，作為智慧資源規劃之實證，藉以觀察管理過程如何與企業外部資訊結合進而協助企業策略、如何與企業其他營運機能配合、如何進行智慧財產佈署，進而影響智慧資本及企業之價值。 無形資產重要性凌駕有形資產，而過去台灣企業也因為授權、訴訟而付出不少代價，若能有效管理無形資產，將有助於產業、企業之發展，希望本文之探討對此能有一點點助益。 / As intangible assets are becoming more important, so is the need for effective methods to manage them. This study provides support for one such management method ─ Intelligence Resources Planning. Intelligence Resources Planning emphasizes that the management of intellectual capital should be based on a global perspective, taking into account the entire world. Intelligence Resources Planning is a method which analyzes external information, links the operations and coordinates the strategies of an enterprise, plans the types, powers, functions, and clusters the applications of intellectual capital, and finally structures the supporting network system. By employing Intelligence Resources Planning enterprises can improve their intellectual capital and economic worth. Intellectual capital includes human capital, relationship capital, and structure capital. Structure capital includes certain rights, such as patent rights, trademarks, and copyrights, etc. External information can be analyzed and collected by considering the industry structure, value chain, product portfolio, profit, and technology structure. The operation activities of an enterprise include research and development, manufacturing, marketing, infringement lawsuits, transfers of technology, technology licensing, financial accounting, human resources, and other enterprise activities. This study sets out to compare Intelligence Resource Planning with traditional methods used to manage intangible assets. Furthermore, it applies Intelligence Resources Planning, specifically patent analyzing, to DVB-T technology of the IC design industry and observes how to use an enterprise's external information to assist with strategy development, coordinating operations functions, planning intellectual property, and improving the value of intellectual capital and the enterprise as a whole. The importance of intangible assets is becoming more significant in comparison to physical tangible assets. Taiwanese organizations, in the past have had to incur high costs for licensing, transfers, lawsuits and other intangible assets. Large contributions and gains can be realized with the development of these enterprises and industries if intangible assets could be managed effectively.