在傳統的DTN路由協定中，由於網路拓樸的快速變動，為了能將訊息封包傳送到目的地，通常是透過大量的複製，或是透過資訊的過濾與計算，將封包交由適合的節點來協助傳送。 然而在電池電源有限的條件之下，過於冗餘的封包複製傳遞，或CPU運算的大量使用，將使得節點容易因電量耗盡而失去傳遞的功能，不只是造成整體系統的存活時間(System Lifetime)降低，亦非常不利於維持整體網路的傳遞成功率(Delivery Ratio)。 在旅行的過程中，同行的人們通常具有相同的移動軌跡以及最終目的地，因而形成團體行動的模式；針對這樣的特性，我們採用每個團隊只留下一位領隊來統籌探索鄰居及封包傳遞的概念，透過GPS的資訊輔助來設計出組隊省電機制，延長節點存活時間，進而提升系統存活時間，並在運算複雜度較低且封包冗餘複製亦降低的狀況下，仍保有不錯的傳遞成功率以及較低的效能衰減。 / In traditional routing protocols of DTNs, most of them are using redundancy messages and information computing to make a good relay decision. Due to energy limitation, too many redundant message transmissions or high computing will make nodes die off quickly. It will decrease the system lifetime and diminish the delivery ratio of the whole system. When people go on a tour, friends always form a group due that members have a similar moving path and destination. Based on the features of moving patterns, we design a grouping scheme, namely, Energy-aware Grouping, with the concept that there is only one node awake in a group in charge of contact and message transmissions. With the assistance by GPS, our method has reduced the numbers of redundant message transmissions and information computing. Simulation results show that it can extend the system lifetime with maintaining still good delivery ratio

在耐延遲網路環境下節點的相遇情況不是很頻繁，這可能導致節點間的連線斷斷續續，使得有效地將訊息傳遞成為一件困難的事情。藉由社群感知轉送機制的中間度指標特性，可以來提升傳送成功率。雖然大多數研究幾乎都是將訊息轉送到單一目的地或是多個且已知的目的地。然而，一些應用像是廣告的散佈，要將訊息送給對訊息有興趣的人，但卻不知道是誰。因此，關鍵的問題為如何建立社群網路關係的親密度機制，來選擇作為轉送訊息的節點，並利用群體廣播的方式盡可能有效地傳播至最多可能目標目的地，進而提升效能。 本論文以群播機制和社群感知當作基礎概念，來設計新的轉送訊息的方法和公式化選擇中繼節點的機制。最後，我們使用政治大學實際軌跡來模擬，將模擬結果與其它路由演算法比較，其結果證明我們所提出的方法能提高訊息傳送成功率和正確率，降低傳送延遲時間和傳送訊息的成本。 / In delay tolerant networks (DTNs), nodes infrequently encounter with each others. This results in intermittent connectivity of the nodes, and makes it difficult to deliver the message effectively. A social-aware forwarding scheme can help for successful delivery ratio by utilizing the characteristic of their centrality metric. Most of the previous studies focus on message delivery to single destination or some priori known destinations. However, some applications like advertisement dissemination may not know who will be the interested persons to be delivered. Therefore, the key challenge is how to establish the social relationship strategy to select appropriate nodes as relays, and furthermore to use multicasting to disseminate effectively as many “target” destinations as possible to improve the performance. This thesis developed a new strategy which has a new forwarding message scheme and formulates the selection of the relay nodes based on the concept of the multicasting and the social network. Finally, we used the reality trace data of National Chengchi University to simulate. The simulation results are compared to others DTNs routing protocols as well as other social-aware forwarding schemes. The results showed that our proposed approach can enhance the successful delivery ratio and delivery accuracy, decrease the delivery delay and reduce the delivery overhead.

在耐延遲網路中，沒有網路服務的使用者，可以藉由各節點間的短距離傳送，透過一個間斷性的連結將資料傳送至目的地。因此，在本研究，當使用者在校園環境中，欲將手邊的資料傳送給其他使用者，但無法連結上網際網路時，可以透過與目標節點關聯性較高的節點幫忙以達到傳送資料之目的。 本論文提出一基於個人與社群資訊的資料傳送方法，以個人興趣、個人資訊與朋友關係等三個面向去分析適合用來幫助傳送資料的節點。在每個訊息中，我們加入一級別值，並在相遇到其他節點時做資訊的交換與計算，並利用選擇較高級別值的節點轉送，使資料可以透過較有效率的路線傳送至目的地。最後，我們將本論文方法與其它資料傳送方法比較評估效能，模擬結果顯示我們提出的傳送方法有較優的傳送成功率與較低的資源耗費。 / In Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs), the user without network service can, through short transmission between nodes, use an intermittent route to deliver messages to the destination. In our study, when a user in the campus environment wants to send its data to others but can’t link to Internet in that moment, the user can use the node which has higher relation degree with the destination to help forward the data. In this thesis, we proposed a social-based routing approach. It is based on aspects of personal interest, personal information, and social relation to analyze which node is appropriate for data relaying. For each data, a rank value is associated with it. When the node encounters with other nodes, it will exchange and calculate data information to renew the rank value. Based on the rank value, data can be relayed to nodes with higher rank values, and thus to the destination through a more efficient way. Finally, we evaluated our approach, and compared with other routing schemes. The simulation results showed that our proposed approach had better delivery probability and lower resource cost.

在耐延遲網路上，離線的使用者，可以透過節點的相遇，以點對點之特定訊息繞送方法，將資訊傳遞至目的地。如此解決了使用者暫時無法上網時欲傳遞資訊之困難。因此，在本研究中，當使用者在某一地區，欲查詢該地區相關之資訊，但又一時無法連上網際網路時，則可透過耐延遲網路之特性，尋求其它同樣使用本服務之使用者幫忙以達到查詢之目的。 本論文提出一適地性服務之資料搜尋方法，以三層式區域概念，及混合式節點型態，並透過資料訊息複製、查詢訊息複製、資料回覆及資料同步等四項策略來達成使用者查詢之目的。特別在訊息傳遞方面，提出一訊息佇列選擇演算法，賦予優先權概念於每一訊息中，使得較為重要之訊息得以優先傳送，藉此提高查詢之成功率及減少查詢之延遲時間。最後，我們將本論文方法與其它查詢方法比較評估效能，其模擬結果顯示我們提出的方法有較優的查詢效率與延遲。 / In Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs), the offline users can, through the encountering nodes, use the specific peer-to-peer message routing approach to deliver messages to the destination. Thus, it solves the problem that users have the demands to deliver messages while they are temporarily not able to connect to Internet. Therefore, by the characteristics of DTNs, people who are not online can still query some location based information, with the help of users using the same service in the nearby area. In this thesis, we proposed a Location-based content search approach. Based on the concept of three-tier area and hybrid node types, we presented four strategies to solve the query problem. They are Data Replication, Query Replication, Data Reply and Data synchronization strategies. Especially in message transferring, we proposed a Message Queue Selection algorithm. We set the priority concept to every message such that the most important one could be sent first. In this way, it can increase the query success ratio and reduce the query delay time. Finally, we evaluated our approach, and compared with other routing schemes. The simulation results showed that our proposed approach had better query efficiency and shorter delay.

電離層延遲為精密GPS定位及導航的主要誤差來源之一，為了減弱電離層延遲對GPS定位及導航的影響，可以利用雙頻GPS觀測量構建即時的區域電離層模型，以提供即時的電離層延遲誤差改正參數，修正因電離層延遲效應造成的定位及導航誤差。 本研究以台灣地區雙頻GPS觀測量，採用相位水準技術估算全電子含量（TEC）、修正的單站演算法估計各GPS衛星及接收儀之L1/L2差分延遲及以UNSW網格式演算法構建區域的電離層模型。並進而求得適合台灣南部地區網格式電離層模型之較佳網格大小及探討使用那些內政部衛星追蹤站的觀測資料，便可有效建立台灣地區的電離層模型。 / The ionospheric delay is one of the main sources of error in precise GPS positioning and navigation. The magnitude of the ionospheric delay is related to the Total Electron Content (TEC) along the radio wave path from a GPS satellite to the ground receiver. The TEC is a function of many variables, including long and short term changes in solar ionising flux, magnetic activity, season of the year, time of day, user location and viewing direction. A dual-frequency GPS receiver can eliminate (to the first order) the ionospheric delay through a linear combination of L1 and L2 observables. However, the majority of civilians use low-cost single-frequency GPS receivers that cannot use this option. Consequently, it is beneficial to estimate ionospheric delays over the region of interest, in real-time, in support of single-frequency GPS positioning and navigation applications. In order to improve real-time regional ionosphere modelling performance, a grid-based algorithm is proposed. Data from the southern Taiwan region GPS network were used to test the ionosphere modelling algorithms. From the test results described here, it is shown that the performance of real-time regional ionosphere modelling is improved significantly when the proposed algorithm is used.

緒 言：研究中共專利法，了解中共如何調和社會主義與資本主義的矛盾，以印證其 經濟改革前途。 第一章：說明共產主義法律思想，中共經改後法律思想的變化、與資本主義法律思想 的基本差異。 第二章：說明中共專利法沿革、專利法在中共法制體系中的定位、專利制度概況。 第三章：說明中共專利法對發明之定義，以及禁止專利之發明的項目。( 並和我國專 利法之規定比較 ) 第四章：說明中共專利法在發明之專利要件，新穎性、創造性、實用性等規。( 著重 在新穎性所採取之立法原則 ) 第五章：說明中共專利法在專利權歸屬上的規定，包括職務發明之廣泛，以及參加巴 黎公約在專利法上的影響。 第六章：說明中共專利法之申請與審查。尤其著重其早期公開、延遲審查制度。( 中 共所採為極新的制度有相當特色 )。 第七章：說明中共專利法為推廣應用的目標，所做的特別規定。著重其特殊的計劃實 施規定。 第八章：說明中共專利法對發明專利權的期限、無效、及民、刑事的保護規定。( 參 攷中共刑法的有關規定 ) 第九章：簡要交待合併在中共專利尖有關新型、新式樣 (中共法稱為實用新型及外觀 設計) 的不同規定。 結 論：由前述各章發現的問題，分析中共調和社會主義與資本主義的問題所在。

本論文旨在討論生產管理中排程問題，各種假設情況下，各種理論的研討與應用情形 ，最後并舉一實例以驗證之。本文之特色在於一切理論，計算均以電腦化程式寫出， 以符合經濟、實用原則與時代趨勢。故本文以近代學者理論為輔以實用電腦程式化、 加上著者個人意見與看法，冀能對實際問題有所助益。 第一章：導論 第二章：單機問題與加權延遲問題 第三章：單一機器一般化模式之排序問題 第四章：流程工廠之安排程題 第五章：複雜流程之排程問題 第六章：結論

由於VANET上的行動節點移動速度快，加上受到道路及交通號制的限制，導致網路拓樸快速改變，容易造成網路斷訊，影響資料封包在網路上的傳送效能。在傳統的MANET上有許多用來傳送資料封包的路由機制，並不直接適用在VANET上。隨著Global Position System (GPS)的普及，越來越多的車輛都具備GPS，用以輔助行車定位之用。在本研究中我們將透過GPS取得車輛的地理資訊，提出一個適用於VANET中以車行方向為基礎的貪婪路由演算法(MDBG)。 本論文目的在強化VANET網路上資料封包的路由選擇策略。所提出的路由機制將會透過hello message來取得相鄰車輛的位置和車行方向，並利用目標要求(DREQ)、目標回應(DREP)來獲得目標車輛的資訊。進而運用車輛的車行方向，選擇適當的相鄰車輛找出一條穩定的路由路徑。當來源車輛和目標車輛的車行方向相同時，AODV能有不錯的效能表現。而我們的路由演算法(MDBG)將強化當來源車輛和目標車輛的車行方向相反，並且逐漸遠離時的效能表現。實驗模擬的結果顯示MDBG在封包到達率、吞吐量和平均端對端延遲上較之於AODV及DSR演算法有更優異的表現。 / Packets transmission over VANET is intermittent due to rapid change of network topology. This comes from both high mobility of mobile nodes and road limitation. Intermittent transmission causes inefficient packet delivery. Those routing protocols applicable to MANET might not be suitable for VANET. On the other hand, Global Position System (GPS) is becoming prevalent in assisting positioning for vehicles. In this research, we develop a Moving Direction Based Greedy (MDBG) routing algorithm for VANET. MDBG algorithm is based on the geographical information collected by GPS. The objective of the thesis is to enhance routing decision in packet delivery. The "hello message" is used to retrieve the locations and moving directions of neighboring vehicles. Destination REQuest (DREQ) and Destination REPly (DREP) messages are used to retrieve target vehicle information. The source vehicle will thus use these information together with its own moving direction information to establish a stable routing path by selecting appropriate neighboring vehicles. AODV algorithm is proved to have good performance as both the source vehicle and target vehicle have the same moving direction. MDBG algorithm is proposed to leverage the problem as source vehicle and target vehicle move far apart in opposite directions. Simulation results show that MDBG outperforms both AODV and DSR in packet arrival rate, throughput and average end-to-end delay.

摘要 此論文主旨在研究大型營造等工程計劃包括公私合併基建工程之計劃融資的架構，及其計劃融資方法的成長趨向。 計劃融資為一創新及有時效性的融資技術。有別於傳統基建工程的融資方法，因此愈來愈多在採用。此研究主要是集中於計劃融資的益處，風險管理及保險要求。 由於全球的私有化現象，政府的資助計劃，有移轉至私人融資計劃的趨向。本金現在往往以計劃的資產作為抵押，而以計劃的收入基礎以返還之。因此計劃的收益為大型投資計劃的主要融資因素。計劃的完工時程往往加之於計劃融資團體及業主的合約內，因此保障股東權益使延遲完工保險的需求大增。 延遲完工保險又名預期利潤損失險，為以保障業主的收益以償還債務及實現利益而設計。在開發市場中為減免利益風險，以收益保證保險方式以填補預期收益與實際收益間的差異。此論文亦以討論常用於大型計劃的計劃融資方式的兩種保險產品，延遲完工保險及收益保證保險及其核保的挑戰性，理賠處理的特性。 以瞭解延遲完工保險的理賠複雜性，以一個興建、營運及移轉（BOT）的鐵路工程項目的理賠個案作為例子討論。並以訪談保險業界的專家為主以討論相關論點。除延遲完工保險外，乘客量保證保險亦作介紹其保障預期及實際乘客量差異所引起的收益短缺的運作方式。 / This thesis aims to study the framework of project finance and the growing trend for project financing methods in today’s large construction projects involving public-private infrastructure partnerships. Project financing is an innovative and timely financing technique that is increasingly emerging as the preferred alternative to conventional methods of financing infrastructure and other large-scale projects worldwide. Research is conducted on the benefits, risk management and insurance requirements of project finance. Due to global privatization where government funding programs have shifted towards private financing, principals now often collateralize loans with project assets and repay them purely on the basis of projected earnings. Thus, the revenue generating capability of a project has become a critical financing factor in large investment projects. Rigorous conditions on delays in scheduled project completion added to project contracts between financiers and principals and the need to protect shareholders’ interests have created demand for DSU insurance. DSU insurance, also known as advance loss of profits (ALOP) insurance, is designed to secure the portion of revenue which the principal requires to service debt and realize anticipated profit. To mitigate revenue risk in emerging markets, public-private partnership provides a revenue guarantee to protect for the insured’s financial loss due to shortfall between actual and projected revenue. The ‘pledged’ revenues may include sales revenue, rental, interest income, and other sources of funds that are generally recurring. The thesis further discusses two types of insurance commonly applied in project financing of large projects – the delay in start-up (DSU) insurance and revenue guarantee insurance. The features, underwriting challenges and claim handling of these two types of insurance will be investigated. In order to understand the complexity in claims handling involving DSU cover, a build-operate-transfer (BOT) railway construction project claim case study is created. Interviews are conducted with three selected experts from the insurance industry on the various issues related to DSU claim. The findings gathered from these experts are reported in this thesis. In addition to the DSU insurance, a ridership guarantee is also introduced for protecting the revenue shortfall between the actual and forecast ridership when project is put into commercial operations.

本研究針對工業電腦產業，探索其創新產品服務：快速客製化（半客製化）服務的兩大產品服務模組化系統SOM(System On Module)及接單設計服務DTOS(Design To Order Service)-客製底板CSB的客製化服務之間的關聯影響，及對快速客製化（半客製化）服務的影響及關聯性。本研究以個案訪談法，以研華科技為研究對象；加上部份的問卷調查，為主要的研究方法。 　　本研究歸納分析研究發現如下： 　　【研究發現1】共通性模組的共通性程度會影響快速客製化服務績效 　　【研究發現2】變異性模組的變異性程度會影響快速客製化服務績效 　　【研究發現3】模組的介面標準化程度會影響快速客製化服務績效 　　【研究發現4】設計延遲會影響快速客製化服務績效 　　【研究發現5】最佳資源統治形式會影響快速客製化服務績效 　　【研究發現6】接單後生產機制會影響快速客製化服務績效 　　【研究發現7】共通性模組的共通性程度會影響設計延遲 　　【研究發現8】變異性模組的變異性程度會影響最佳資源統治形式 　　【研究發現9】模組化是接單後生產機制的必備條件 　　研究結果發現：快速客製化服務是結合「快速設計客製化」及「大量客製化」的新興事業模式；並發現模組化及設計延遲理論對快速客製化服務的重大影響。 　　因此本研究建議：廠商應該致力於推動模組化系統SOM的產業標準化，運用延遲理論於接單設計DTOS及接單生產BTO服務，及運用交易成本理論於最佳資源統治形式來提高客製底板CSB快速客製化服務的績效。 / This research focused on studying the new business model for Fast Customization Service which is the combination of Fast Design Customization Service and Mass Customization Service. 　　The research result shows that Fast Customization Service is significantly influenced by “Modularity” and “Design Postponement” . 　　The Author suggests that the IPC makers should endeavor for promoting the industrial standardization of SOM (System On Module) , implementing Postponement theory into DTOS (Design To Order Service) and BTO (Build To Order) , and implementing Transaction-Cost Theory into the best Governance Structure .