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從資源基礎觀點探討餐旅業成長策略-以晶華國際酒店集團為例李靖文 Unknown Date (has links)
策略的資源基礎觀點(resource-base view),主張有價值、稀少、不易模仿(包括不易替代)的資源具有創造優異績效的潛力(e.g.Barney,1991:1995);而基礎資源是企業結合和轉換實體輸入資源的方式,在提供持續性競爭優勢方面特別重要,因為它們具有難以模仿的本質,有助於持續性差異化,在企業的發展過程,扮演不可或缺角色!
本研究主要以晶華國際酒店集團為對象,依據其過去成長軌跡,分成三階段,在多角化的成長策略,所顯示出來的現象,做一個分析與整理。透過探討學理的論點及個案研究方法,將企業的沿革資料,營收及存益額之統計,以成長三階段: 集團基礎鞏固期、資源能力移動期、創新資源期分段,以既有資源之擴大延伸、水平延伸創造新資源之分類,歸納企業成長模型,並做出解析和討論。
本研究認為以企業成長階梯觀念,不論在哪一個階段,能保持企業穩定中求成長的最佳模型將是:
1.先建立核心優勢,打下企業紮實根基,形成核心資源;
先將資源移動至相關多角化產業,使基礎事業階段有所支撐,並循序擴大事業版圖;適度發展非相關產業,才能擴充新的領域和機會。
結論將綜合由晶華在旅館事業的核心資源發展出來的新事業,在未來經營上參考吳思華(1994)提出以資源為基礎的策略分析架構,
確認並評估所有資源:企業在進行策略規劃時,首先應掌握現有資源,但有些資源是有內隱或模糊的特性,並未顯示在財務報表中,必須仔細加以辨識,才能掌握清楚。
2.檢測價值,設定核心資源:應依據策略性資源的三個特性:獨特性、專屬性與模糊性來辨識具有競爭優勢價值的資源。
3.制定企業未來的發展策略:
企業的策略應能充分有效使用核心資源,以創造出最大準租。
4.強化核心資源:
企業除運用自己的資源外,並應配合未來策略發展需求,確認資源差距,努力加以補足。
本研究希望藉晶華國際集團個案研究結論所闡述觀念,希望能帶給企業多角化、國際化成長策略有興趣者,從資源優勢延伸角度切入,一個參考模式。將來在資源的配置與策略的運用上,獲得最佳組合,以創造卓越的成長績效。 / From the viewpoint of Resource-base View, valuable, rare and non-substitutive resources are potential to contribute outstanding performance. And resource-base is the methods for a business to link up and transfer the existence and input the resources.
This study is base on Formosa International Hotels Corporation, form the Dynamics point of view, do analysis according to its three different development phases. Through the case research methodology, summarize the different resources for different development phase and provide analysis explanation and suggestion.
This research believes in the business development ladder consciousness. No matter which stage it is, the best model will be as the following:
Establish the core strength as foundation of the business as the core resource.
Move the resource to the Dynamics of the business in order to explore the business territory. Find the proper area to expand the territory and opportunities.
Conclude the new business developed from Grand Formosa Regent’s core resource, and take the strategic analysis structure of Professor Wu as reference,
Firstly, identify and evaluate all the resources.
Secondly, Access the value, and set the core resources.
Thirdly, Establish the future strategy for the business.
Fourthly, reinforce the core resources.
The research is based on the study of Formosa International Hotels Corporation, and wish to bring to those enterprise, which has interest in internationalization and dynamics some model regarding resources allocation and utilization. Through the best combination of resources, excellent performance will be reached.
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探討顧客關係、知識創造與動態能力對企業進入新市場領域之影響-以A公司為例 / A study of the influence of customer relationship, knowledge creation and dynamic capability upon performance of new business development王彬, Wang, Pin Unknown Date (has links)
企業當如何跨越市場進入門檻以追求未被開發市場,並滿足未被創造或未被滿足的需求?本論文透過理論探討與個案分析,研究企業跨市場領域開發所需的關鍵因素與成功做法,以提昇企業之競爭優勢。
個案研究以儀器界先驅的惠普/安捷倫科技為對象,研究該公司在知識創造、動態能力與顧客關係三大構面對進入電信監控管理系統市場績效的影響,以及彼此之間的相互影響。顧客關係研究變數採顧客信任與忠誠度;知識創造研究變數採認識論與本體論知識螺旋;而動態能力研究變數則採企業之流程、位置與路徑。
研究發現顧客關係、知識創造與動態能力三項關鍵因素,對個案公司進行跨市場領域開發績效有直接影響,彼此之間亦呈相互影響之關係。個案公司的成功做法為,以顧客優先的顧客管理流程,配合前線員工與顧客良好的互動關係,發展互信關係。鼓勵員工坦誠溝通、提供自主且相互尊重的工作環境,以利組織知識創造。管理階層重視各級員工的訓練與培育,使內隱知識得以順利累積與轉換。因應市場需求變化,企業對流程與策略性資源之調整能力與速度,影響其競爭能耐的蓄積。
與顧客建立高度互動的組織交流機制,透過專案執行互動過程,產生知識轉換創造新知。知識轉換程度越深,雙方互信與互賴程度越高,對忠誠度越有幫助。此作法可以提昇顧客關係與知識創造的貢獻。企業與顧客培養共同成長路徑,有助雙方未來策略位置發展的互賴關係,信任與忠誠度就越高。此作法可提昇顧客關係與加強動態能力的關係。企業專注於本業,培養專業團隊長期精耕市場、透過購併補強實力、隨時保持知識創造的最佳環境與流程,以培養未來策略性資源。此作法對組織知識創造與動態能力之提昇,均有助益。
研究結論顯示,企業利用高度互動的組織交流機制,透過前線員工與顧客創造知識轉換,建立共同成長路徑,培養策略性資源開發的互信互賴關係,提昇顧客忠誠度,以跨越進入新市場領域的門檻。企業最前線組織是知識創造的關鍵單位,其管理階層扮演知識創造及動態能力更新之重要角色,透過由中而下而上的管理過程,培養企業最佳的競爭優勢。
本研究提出三點管理實務建議:企業當隨時調整內部流程以配合顧客之個別流程,從雙方高度互動中創造共鳴性知識,達到雙贏局面;企業應當加強市場需求辨識敏銳度,提昇組織更新內外部能力的效率,創造嶄新優勢;深化企業文化與價值於員工心中,建立樂於分享之工作環境與氛圍,深紮成長根基。 / How enterprise crosses the knowledge gap to get into undeveloped marketplaces or satisfy unmet customer needs?
This research adopts the “Case Study” research method to study the success factors and best practices from selected enterprise who has been successfully crossed the knowledge gap and won the installed-base from new marketplaces.
This research selects HP/Agilent Technologies as the target company, who is the market leader among the test and instrument industry. This research framework is consists of knowledge creation, dynamic capability and customer relationship dimensions. Purpose to validate each research dimension is able to contribute the performance of getting into new marketplace or not, and also validate the interrelationship across these three dimensions. The variables used for customer relationship dimension include customer trust and loyalty, for knowledge creation dimension include knowledge spirals of epistemological and ontological domains, for dynamic capability dimension include key process, position and path of enterprise.
Findings of this research: (1) these three research dimensions have been validated all are able to contribute to the performance of new entrance, and every dimension also interrelates to others. (2) Best practices from the case-study company include front-end employees follow the “Customer First” culture to develop the best customer relationships and gain mutual trust from owned customers. Trust and respect people, and encourage open communications both contribute to knowledge creation. Management team not only supports the employee development, but also delivers the training programs by themselves, which accelerates the knowledge conversion and accumulation. Proactively change on process and resource allocation to echo to the environmental change. (3) Interactive with customer proactively, create new knowledge through project execution. More knowledge conversion, more trust. More trust, then higher customer loyalty. (4) Develop learning path together with customer, which creates the interdependence relationships with customer when moves to next strategic position. (5) Be focused and rely on dedicated team to invest on market development, support with valuable solution offering, and manage the most updated knowledge creation processes to develop long-term strategic resources.
Conclusions of this research, (1) enterprise adopts proactive account management approach to interact with customers. The front-end employee creates knowledge conversion and learning path with customer for next strategic resource development. (2) The field middle-level manager plays critical role on knowledge creation and dynamic capability update.
Recommendations on managerial practice include (1) enterprise should adopt internal change proactively to match with individual account process, which promotes the best interactions with customers. (2) Enterprise should be more sensitive to distinguish the external change, and improve organizational capabilities to maintain his competitive advantage. (3) Cultivate corporate culture and values into people mindset. Encourage employee shares success with others.
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新創公司創業成功因素之探討-公司內部與外部互動關係之觀點許家榮 Unknown Date (has links)
創業研究是近年來頗受重視的研究課題,尤其台灣科技產業的創業行為造就了台灣的經濟奇蹟。回顧文獻上對於創業的研究早期多針對創業領導者的背景、創業動機、人格特質以及領導風格等,在90年代末期有關創業團隊的研究才逐漸的受到重視,隨後有關產業環境的影響因素也納入了創業研究的範疇。在本研究的研究過程中,發覺創始股東與董事會的組成與參與程度,亦是決定創業成功與否的關鍵之一。由於過去學者並未對創業領導者、創業團隊、股東與董事會以及產業環境等四個影響構面進行整合性的互動分析。因此,本研究遂以探討四個構面之互動關係對創業成功因素的影響為本研究之研究目的。
本研究針對在台灣成立迄今六年內之生物科技與網路公司為訪談對象,採用深入訪談的方式,分別針對四家公司進行兩次的訪談。經過歸納整理之後,發展以下之相關命題與建議,以供後續研究參考:
一、創業領導者方面之命題:
命題1:網路產業之創業領導者的創業動機,不受學經歷背景的影響,而與過去的工作經驗有關。
命題2:創業領導者擁有相對多數的股權,有利於對團隊運作的控制力。
命題3:創業領導者具有積極樂觀、責任感、工作狂以及永不放棄的特質,有利於創業成功。
3-1:創業領導者積極與工作狂的特質,有利於對市場機會的掌握。
3-2:創業領導者積極、不放棄以及責任感的特質有利於吸引優秀的創業團隊成員與創業股東。
3-3:創業領導者選擇與本身的人格特質相匹配的團隊成員,有利於團隊的互動與和諧。
命題4:創業領導者以身作則,並且適當地授權的領導風格,有利於產生良好的團隊績效,以促成創業成功。
命題5:創業領導者擁有描繪願景的能力,有助於凝聚團隊成員的共識。
二、有關創業團隊方面的命題:
命題6:高科技創業團隊組成與互動,會影響創業績效。
6-1:創業團隊技術比例高有利於資金募集。
6-2:創業團隊互動良好,有利於創業領導者策略的制訂與執行。
6-3:以功能互補性與人格特質為創業團隊組成之考量,有利於產生良好的團隊績效。
6-4:創業團隊良好的溝通,有助於團隊共識的形成,產生良好的團隊績效。
命題7:新創公司高階管理團隊,若由創業團隊轉換成功能完整的經營團隊將有助於公司的成長。
三、有關股東結構方面之命題:
命題8:隨著公司的成長,新創公司董事成員由創業團隊成員轉變成專業之內外董事有利於創業績效。
命題9:新創公司具有良好股東結構有利於創業成功。
9-1:新創公司若擁有相關產業之領導公司擔任公司股東,有利於吸引優秀人才與新股東加入。
9-2:新創公司若擁有相關產業之領導公司擔任公司股東,有利於公司事業網絡與政府關係之連結。
9-3:新創公司股東對領導者充分授權與協助,有利於領導者策略定位的成功。
四、有關產業環境部分之命題:
命題10:產業環境越不明確,新創公司越需要仰賴創業領導者特質的發揮,以吸引創業團隊與創始股東。
10-1:產業前景不明確,容易造成投資人投資意願降低。假若創業領導者愈能夠展現積極與不放棄的特質,將有助於資金的募集。
10-2:產業環境越不明確,造成優秀人才加入意願降低。創業領導者若擁有積極、狂熱與負責的特質,將有助於吸引人才加入的意願。
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組織創新對企業新事業發展之核心能力的影響初探李佩樺, Lee, Pei Hua Unknown Date (has links)
隨著全球經濟成長日漸趨緩,市場競爭越來越激烈,許多企業在面臨前所未有的環境劇變時,選擇透過建立新事業的方式找到企業持續向上成長的動力引擎。然而在建立新事業的過程中,企業往往會面對自身現有核心能力不足或是資源匱乏的經營窘境,導致新事業發展並不順遂。因此許多企業在發展新事業的過程當中,選擇透過組織創新的方式以獲得發展新事業的相關核心能力。
本研究主軸為探討企業組織創新作為與企業組織創新後發展其新事業相關之核心能力變化此兩大構面。本研究先針對研究目的研擬出研究問題後,進行文獻回顧並推導出具有實證性的觀念架構。透過多重個案研究方法,選擇四間我國電子產業中致力於新事業發展的企業,以具有理論基礎的觀念架構為主軸,進行個案資料蒐集與訪談,透過深度訪談的方式了解四間個案公司在新事業建立的過程中,組織創新作為對於該企業之影響。
本研究所獲得之研究結論如下:
一、 組織創新能夠有效的協助企業新事業發展。
二、 企業全面性的組織與制度改革有助於其提昇新事業發展的彈性空間。
三、 企業在文化上的重新塑造,會對其發展新事業產生全方位性的影響。
四、 技術創新與管理創新作為對於新事業開發過程中的核心技術能力有明顯且正向的影響。
五、 企業藉由管理創新的作為,可以提昇其規劃與評估的能力。
六、 企業之文化、組織、制度與系統等多方面的交互創新,會對其創新能力與執行能力產生明顯的正向效果。
最後,本研究說明了研究結果對於學術上之貢獻,並且在最後對於實務上以及後續研究上提出建議。 / With the global economic growth rate slowing down, the market becomes more and more competitive. Many companies try to create new businesses to face the environmental change and to keep growing. However, these companies face a business predicament of lacking core competencies while establishing new business, thus, usually leading to unsuccessful expansions. Therefore, it is necessary for the companies to seriously take core competencies into consideration as they intend to develop new business through organizational innovations.
This study aims to explore the issue of how industrial firms build up their core competencies as they develop new businesses through organizational innovations. A multi-case study approach is used and four companies from the electronics industry in Taiwan are selected as research subjects. The preliminary findings from the study are as follows:
1. Organizational innovations are shown to be conducive to new business development.
2. A reform of corporate managerial systems is indicated to be helpful for enhancing the flexibility of new business development.
3. A re-structure of corporate culture shows a significant impact on the positioning of new business development.
4. Both of technological innovations and administrative innovations indicate a positive relationship with the establishment of the core competencies during the process of new business development.
5. The industrial firms are shown to enhance their methodological competencies through administrative innovations.
6. A holistic innovation based on the culture, organization, institution and managerial systems indicates a positive relationship with the industrial firms’ innovative capabilities and implementation capabilities.
Keywords:
Organizational Innovation, Technological Innovation, Administrative Innovation, Core Competencies, New Business, the Electronics Industry
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