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雙網手機發展策略之研究莊晨暘 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來由於網際網路的興起,加上寬頻網路的日漸普及,使得很多人會進入這以網際網路架構為核心的市場,像我們所熟悉的Skype和Smartphone都是因為網際網路興起所誕生的產物,兩者也都在市場上有爆發性的發展與成長,另外手機開始漸漸整合各種的資訊產品,不論是相機、MP3、錄音筆、電動玩具、甚至於電腦都開始慢慢的被取代,隨著新的通訊技術迅速的誕生,消費者勢必選擇傳輸數度更快、更省電的產品,因此雙網手機會是未來手機發展的趨勢,而本論文也就是基於此項原因,進而對雙網手機未來可能發展的方向做相關的研究。
本論文內容主要是瞭解整個無線通訊產業的生態,包括手機製造產業五力分析,手機未來設計可能的發展方向,行動通訊營運商、手機製造商、行動內容業者三者之間微妙的互動關係與如何共同開拓行動通訊產業市場,進而提出對於價值創新理論的理論性意涵與建立雙網手機市場的實務性意涵,以期對於我國手機製造業有所貢獻,讓國內手機製造業可以立足於全球之頂端。
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創業環境與創業動機之實證研究林明哲, LIN, MING-ZE Unknown Date (has links)
依經濟部中小企業處的統計報告,我國中小企業數占全國企業之98%以上,所雇用員
工數則佔70%左右,而產值則約佔全國的50%左右。這種以中小企業為重心的產業發
展型態,為我國經濟發展的特性。
本論文的研究目標在探討台灣中小企業比例之高的真正成因,了解創業主創業之背後
動機,以及創業環境、資源結構、政府獎勵與創業動機之間有何相關,以做為進一步
制定創業政策時之參考。
本研究以紐約大學所發展出的全球性“創業家之文化與價值觀”問卷為基本,做為分
析工具樣本採分層抽樣法,來源為台灣北、中、南、東四個區域的中小企業創業主,
資料依據為中華民國青年創業協會七十五年度名單,樣本回收211 份。
由於創業者可能因不滿前職、報酬等負面動機,或發展觀念、實現自我、追求成就等
正面動機,而開創企業,因此不同動機類型的創業者,對於環境影響的知覺強度是否
有所不同,為本研究之重心所在。另外對於個人背景對方創業動機所造成的差異,以
及工作經驗對於環境影響的知覺強度,是否有顯著差異,也是本研究想要了解的重點
。
數量方法使用高等統計軟體SPAA+ ,主要為因素分析、集君分析以及F 檢定和卡方檢
定。
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小規模電信業者購併之研究 / Analysis of mergers and acquisitions on small telecom operators劉淑琪 Unknown Date (has links)
現今小規模電信業者面臨因應不同的生命週期而出現不同的經營問題,或許併購是可值得思考的一種方式,但並不是絕對解決方式,重點是要找出對企業最有價值的策略。如何進行併購?需思考適合企業本身的方式,才能將併購後之綜效發揮至極大,故完善的評估作業,是小規模電信業者在併購前必作的課題。
本研究試針對小規模新進電信業者,研討可能透過的併購方式,使企業有增加企業價值及成長機會。其可能選擇之併購型態、併購動機(包含營運綜效、市場綜效、財務綜效、稅務綜效)及併購後可能產生之負面影響分別就問卷,訪談及個案分析找出最適合小規模電信業者併購策略方式。
研究發現台灣大哥大及遠傳電信在合併過程中都屬於主併者、同源式併購、併購雙方而言皆為合意併購。於提升品牌競爭力、增加經濟規模及範疇以及有效運用資源上有明顯之效果,但就市場綜效及財務綜效短期內並不明顯。另外根據問卷及訪談也發現大部分受訪者認為小規模業者應考慮作為「被併者」而非「主併者」,合併策略以「水平式」及「合意」方式為佳。合併之營運綜效前三名排名分別為「增加市場佔有率(用戶數)」、「增加生存能力」、「增加經濟規模」,市場綜效前三名為「可提升網路涵蓋率」、「可提高市場談判籌碼,進而降低進貨成本」、「可創造更多新用戶」。財務綜效前三名為「可改善財務結構」、「可提升股價」、「可增加其現金流量與穩定性」。至於稅務綜效則分別來自於利息費用可產生之稅盾以及小規模業者之虧損可作為合併個體所得稅之抵減項目。最後,調查中也發現併購後可能會因企業文化相異,導致企業人才流失,資源重覆投資,或因整合不易,導致營運成本增加。關鍵字:併購、小規模電信業者 / Currently, in Taiwan small telecom operators were facing different life cycles as well as operating issuing. Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) is a possible way which is worth to consider, but should not be the ultimately way, because the main point is to identify the most valuable strategy for the operators. How to make a successful M&A? Small telecom operators (STO) should identify an appropriate way for their own to achieve the maximum benefit for M&A. Therefore, a complete evaluation M&A is a very important topic for STO before merger.
This study concentrates on M&A of STO, and tries to analyze the possible ways for STO to increase corporate value and growth opportunities through M&A. The research uses questionnaires, interview and case study approaches to analyze types of M&A, motivations of M&A (including synergy of operating, marketing, financial and tax effectiveness) and possible negative impacts after M&A.
The case study finds that both Taiwan Mobile and Far East Tone Telecommunications in the M&A process were "the main acquirers", the type of M&A is "homologous-type merger" and "friendly takeover merger ". The both cases also indicat that the brand competitiveness improvement, increasing economies of scale and scope, and effectiveness of resources using have significant effects, but the effects of market synergy and financial synergy are not so obvious in the short term. In addition, questionnaires and interviews also suggested that most of respondents believe that the small telecom operators should consider to be "acquired firm" instead of "acquiring firm" "horizontal" and "friendly takeover" are the better M&A strategies for STO. The top three operating synergies were "increasing market share (number of subscribers) ", "increasing the survivability", and "increasing the economics of scale". The top three market synergies are "improving network coverage", "enhancing bargaining power and reducing purchasing costs", and "creating more new subscribers". The top three financial synergies are "improving financial structure", "increasing stock price", and "increasing cash flow and its stability". Synergy of tax is coming from the "tax shield", which is result from interest expenses and operating loss for STO, respectively. Finally, the study also finds that the negative post merger effects include corporate culture change which increases employees’ turnover rate, duplicate investment, and increasing operating costs due to difficult integration.
Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions, Small Telecom Operators
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我國自營作業者勞動條件與權益之探討-以台北市便當販售業者為例 / 無邱嬿蓉, Ciou,Yan Rong Unknown Date (has links)
由於經濟全球化下的國際市場競爭,許多如批發、零售、餐飲等服務業出現大型化、連鎖體系化的現象,其結果似乎是使得經營傳統商家與店面的自營作業者受到越來越多的競爭壓力,其中自營作業發展情況甚少受到政府的重視。
整體而言,自營作業者自主權雖高,卻面臨更大市場環境的生存壓力,獨立工作的自營作業者沒有掌控市場的力量,常常得受到市場力量的支配,處於長期的事業危機感及風險,經常在勞動法令的保障範圍之外,經濟安全程度明顯較低。
本研究發現結論如下:
1、便當販售自營作業者市場競爭壓力大,工時雖長但彈性程度高,並充分運用無酬家屬工作者勞動力以為因應,不認為自我勞動條件不佳,相關職災保障觀念缺乏。
2、自營作業者普遍透過職業工會加保勞健保,以獲得基本社會保險和退休後的老年生活保障,但缺乏職業技能訓練、就業安全等永續經營認知。
3、本業職業工會缺乏凝聚自營作業者集體勞動意識的能力,也未能提供多元化服務及保障的功能。
本研究提出以下建議:
1、政府應立法或修訂相關法規預防自營作業者工時彈性下造成的過勞。
2、檢討及研議自營作業者得以自行加入勞工保險,放寬領取老年給付後加入職災保險的規定,以及提供就業保險的保障。
3、政府可輔導強化職業工會的職業與就業安全教育功能,除可藉此培育自營作業者之市場競爭能力,長期而言亦可促使其達到團結自營作業者,有利因應市場競爭的積極目的。
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近代期大阪における同業者町に関する歴史地理学的研究―集団内の調整機能と空間的集積形態の分析を中心に―網島, 聖 24 November 2015 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(文学) / 甲第19351号 / 文博第692号 / 新制||文||623(附属図書館) / 32365 / 新制||文||623 / 京都大学大学院文学研究科行動文化学専攻 / (主査)准教授 米家 泰作, 教授 石川 義孝, 教授 杉浦 和子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Letters / Kyoto University / DGAM
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英国の設計プロセスにおける協働のシステムに関する研究南雲, 要輔 25 September 2023 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第24899号 / 工博第5179号 / 新制||工||1989(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科建築学専攻 / (主査)教授 金多 隆, 教授 田路 貴浩, 准教授 西野 佐弥香, 教授 三浦 研 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM
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創業者的知識與創業機會對差異性產品競爭優勢之影響─在原產業成長期創業之情境朱沛, Chu ,Pei Unknown Date (has links)
本研究是針對原產業成長期創業差異化階段的探索性研究。原產業成長期創業可定義為:創業者或團隊離開原來的事業後,在原產業的成長期,獨立創立了一個新事業。例如,華碩、雅姿舞蹈社(亞力山大的前身)都屬於原產業成長期創業。
由於創業開始後,新事業要做出產品,然後才能產生後續績效,因此依照時間軸可以將創業理論分解為:初始因素→新產品→創業績效。現有創業理論對原產業成長期創業現象並沒有提供完整的解答,但已得出的部份結果可以引導我們對此現象進一步聚焦。第一,新事業策略層次的研究已發現,新事業產品的差異性和稀少性顯著影響新事業績效。由於上述因果關係的後段已解決,因此指導我們探索前段的問題:什麼初始因素產生差異性產品?即應該聚焦到產品差異化階段研究。第二,過去創業者層次的研究已發現,以相同產業「工作年數」代替的「產業特殊經驗」顯著影響創業績效的高低。因為經驗是實務的知識,因此這類研究結果顯示知識是一項初始因素,值得進一步研究創業者的初始知識。第三,奧地利經濟學者和一些創業學者指出,創業機會是影響創業成敗的一項初始因素,但迄今沒有學者清楚地描述出創業機會的樣子和它對績效的影響。這些文獻顯示應進一步探索初始創業機會和它對產品差異化的影響。文獻已顯示創業者知識和創業機會是解釋產品差異化的初始因素,但二者下層的因素仍未充分揭露出來。由於過去的創業研究沒有聚焦在差異化階段,仍存在許多未解開的問題,因此本研究聚焦在原產業成長期創業的主要產品差異化階段進行研究。
對於本研究聚焦的現象,本研究問題為:在原產業成長期創業的差異化階段,哪些知識和機會構念下層的因素透過差異化過程產生產品屬性與競爭優勢?本研究的目的為:經由對此現象進行深入的探索,揭露出影響產品差異化的知識與機會的深層原因,建立整合知識與機會解釋產品差異化及利潤的理論。
本研究採用Eisenhardt(1989)描述的探索性個案研究方法,從個案研究建立理論。本研究針對原產業成長期創業現象,聚焦在主要產品差異化過程。總分析單位是在主要產品線層次。本研究接觸到3家原產業成長期創業廠商,取得了3個成功個案和1個失敗個案資料。資料收集包含訪問二位以上創業團隊成員、競爭廠商中的管理者和收集產業次級資料。
本研究經由分析四個個案的主要產品線資料,得出以下命題與發現。
命題一:產品有價值的差異程度愈大、產品稀少程度愈大、產品需求強度愈大,則產品競爭優勢程度愈大。
命題Ⅱ:若創業者的產業內通用知識強度小,則有產品競爭劣勢。
本研究發現,原產業成長期的創業機會為產業環境中存在的一種情境結構,本研究定義並命名為「創業機會結構」,它由以下項目構成:(1) 存在上游差異性新要素;(2) 存在下游市場需求;(3) 存在有利的競爭情勢,包含(a)既有競爭廠商數量小,(b)既有競爭廠商利用程度小,(c)潛在競爭廠商延遲行動;(4)存在功能互補廠商。
創業者知識與創業機會對於產品差異化的影響關係如下:
命題二:在創業者的產業內通用知識強度大的條件下,若創業者有異質的知識,或產業環境中存在創業機會,或二者都存在,則新事業可推出差異性與稀少性的產品。
命題二A:在創業者的產業內通用知識強度大的條件下,若創業者僅有產業內通用知識,且產業環境中存在創業機會,則新事業可推出差異性與稀少性的產品。
命題二B:在創業者的產業內通用知識強度大的條件下,若創業者僅有產業內通用知識,且產業環境中不存在創業機會,則新事業不能推出差異性與稀少性的產品。
命題二C:在創業者的產業內通用知識強度大的條件下,若創業者有異質知識,且產業環境中存在創業機會,則新事業可推出差異性與稀少性產品。
命題二D:在創業者的產業內通用知識強度大的條件下,若創業者有異質知識,且產業環境中不存在創業機會,則新事業可推出差異性與稀少性產品。
創業者異質知識屬性對產品屬性的影響關係如下:
命題三A:異質知識有價值的差異程度愈大,則產品有價值的差異程度愈大。
命題三B:異質知識稀少程度愈大,則產品稀少程度愈大。
命題三C:異質知識難以模仿程度,正向調節產品競爭優勢程度與產品利潤間的正向關係。
命題三:創業者知識的有利程度愈大,則產品利潤愈大。
創業機會結構中各項目的屬性程度對產品屬性的影響關係如下:
命題四A:要素有價值的差異程度愈大,則產品有價值的差異程度愈大。
命題四B:整體市場需求強度愈大,則產品需求強度愈大。
命題四Ca:既有競爭者的數量愈小,則產品稀少程度愈大。
命題四Cb:既有競爭者資源利用程度負向調節,整體市場需求強度與產品需求強度的正向關係。
命題四Cc:潛在競爭者行動延遲程度,正向調節產品競爭優勢程度與產品利潤的正向關係。
命題四:創業機會結構的有利程度愈大,則產品利潤愈大。
本研究對創業理論的貢獻包含以下幾方面。主要貢獻包含:第一,建立了整合理論。本研究在原產業成長期創業情境對交集現象,建立了以創業者知識、創業機會解釋產品差異化與利潤的整合理論。本研究針對創業最核心的差異化階段,建立了整合理論,使創業理論有了核心。第二,發現了創業機會結構。本研究經由探索發現了創業機會結構,描述出了創業機會的樣子,並分析清楚了構成它的項目對差異化相關的產品屬性和競爭優勢的影響。第三,橋接了創業與策略,引導二個領域的學者對話。本研究運用策略理論觀引導分析資料與建立理論的過程,因此本研究橋接了創業與策略,引導二個領域的學者對話。次要貢獻包含:第一,釐清了產品層次的構念和構面。第二,本研究以資源基礎觀引導,釐清了創業者知識下層的概念,並分析清楚了它們對產品屬性和競爭優勢的影響。
本研究建立的理論有實務含義,可以使產業成長期的潛在創業者(既有企業管理者)的策略思考更有效,因此對企業實務界人士有價值。概括而言,本研究對實務人士的啟示如下:(1)創業者擁有夠強的產業內經營知識是能夠創業成功的基本條件;(2)在產業內通用知識強的條件下,若創業者有異質知識或外部存在創業機會能使差異化成功,因此值得投入創業;若創業沒有異質知識及外部不存在創業機會,則創業者不應投入創業(3)本研究提出的創業機會結構,可以協助潛在創業者在創業決策階段辯認是否存在創業機會,避免創業時沒有機會或利用的不是創業機會。 / Starting new businesses in the growth stage of an industry is a special type of entrepreneurship as identified in this study. The same industry-growth stage entrepreneurship is defined as the following: after an entrepreneur (or entrepreneurial team) leaves a prior business, he/she then founds a new venture in the same industry which his prior work is in and is in the growth stage. The cases of ASUS(?) and Alexander are examples.
The life of a start-up, as depicted by entrepreneurial studies, can be decomposed as: initial factors→product→performance. Current entrepreneurship studies have offered some answers to this phenomenon. First, studies have shown that a product’s extent of differentiation and rarity can predict performance. These findings prompt us to explore the question of which initial factors producing differentiated products (i.e., focusing on the product differentiation stage). Second, previous studies have found that an entrepreneur’s industry experience or industry-specific experience (using the years of work as a proxy) significantly affects performance. Because experience is a kind of knowledge, these results point out that knowledge can be regarded as an initial factor and thus it highlights the importance of exploring an entrepreneur’s knowledge. Third, Austrian economists point out that entrepreneurial opportunity is an initial factor and it influences entrepreneurial success. Up to now no studies illustrates the shape of entrepreneurial opportunities and explain how it influences entrepreneurial performance. Thus further exploration of entrepreneurial opportunities and how they affect product differentiation is needed. Although we already known an entrepreneur’s knowledge and entrepreneurial opportunity are major initial factors, we have no knowledge of lower level factors. Because the researches have not focused on the product differentiation stage, this research will concentrate on the product differentiation stage.
The research question of the study is: in the differentiation stage of the same industry-growth stage start-ups, what lower level factors of knowledge and opportunity produce product competitive advantages? The objective of the research is: by identifying the lower factors, entrepreneurs’ knowledge and opportunities can be integrated into theories of entrepreneurship to explain product differentiation and profits.
This research adopted the exploring theory building case study proposed by Eisenhardt (1989). The level of analysis was the main product line of a start-up. The data of three firms, in the form of 3 successful cases and 1 failed case, were collected. In addition to secondary data, at least two executives, either were founding team members or high-level managers, were interviewed for gathering the primary data.
Through data analysis enable us to offer the following propositions:
Proposition 1: The higher the levels of the value of product differentiation, product rarity and product demand intensity, the higher the product competitive advantage.
Proposition Ⅱ: The lower the level of an entrepreneur’s industry-specific knowledge, the lower the product competitive advantage.
We discovered that entrepreneurial opportunity is a specific situational structure in an industry. We termed it ‘entrepreneurial opportunity structure’. It is composed of four items: (1) the existence of upstream differentiated and new factors; (2) the existence of downstream market demands; (3) the existence of favorable competitive situation, including few competitors, less extent of action by competitors, late actions by competitors and more availability of complementary firms.
Relationships among entrepreneurs’ knowledge, entrepreneurial opportunity, and product differentiation are indicated below.
Proposition 2: When an entrepreneur has a high level of industry-specific knowledge, higher level of heterogeneous knowledge or the existence of an entrepreneurial opportunity (or both) makes it possible to launch a differentiated and rare product.
Proposition 2A: When an entrepreneur has a high level of industry-specific knowledge, industry-specific knowledge, coupled with the existence of an entrepreneurial opportunity, makes it possible to launch a differentiated and rare product.
Proposition 2B: When an entrepreneur has a high level of industry-specific knowledge, industry-specific knowledge, coupled with the non-existence of an entrepreneurial opportunity, makes it impossible to launch a differentiated and rare product.
Proposition 2C: When an entrepreneur has a high level of industry-specific knowledge, higher level of heterogeneous knowledge and the existence of an entrepreneurial opportunity makes it possible to launch a differentiated and rare product.
Proposition 2D: When an entrepreneur has a high level of industry-specific knowledge, higher level of heterogeneous knowledge and the non-existence of an entrepreneurial opportunity makes it possible to launch a differentiated and rare product.
The relationship between heterogeneous knowledge and product attributes are listed below:
Proposition 3A: The higher the value of heterogeneous knowledge, the higher the valuable difference of a product.
Proposition 3B: The higher the rarity of heterogeneous knowledge, the higher the rarity of a product.
Proposition 3C: The level of difficulty of imitation of heterogeneous knowledge moderates the positive relationship between product competitive advantage and product profit.
Proposition 3: The higher the usefulness of an entrepreneur’s knowledge, the higher the product profit.
The relationships between attributes of entrepreneurial opportunity structure and product attributes are listed below:
Proposition 4A: The higher the valuable difference of a factor, the higher the valuable difference of a product.
Proposition 4B: The higher the market demand intensity, the higher the product demand intensity.
Proposition 4Ca: The less the number of competitors, the higher the rarity of a product.
Proposition 4Cb: The degree of exploitation of resource by competitors negatively moderates the positive relationship between the market demand intensity and product demand intensity.
Proposition 4Cc: The extent of delayed actions by competitors positively moderates the positive relationship between product competitive advantage and product profit.
Proposition 4: The higher the potential of profitability of entrepreneurial opportunity structure, the higher the product profit.
The major contributions of the research to entrepreneurship theories include the following: First, we built a integrated theory including entrepreneurs’ knowledge and entrepreneurial opportunities to explain product differentiation and profit. Because differentiation is the core to entrepreneurship, our integrated theory emphasizes the core of the theory. Second, this research identified entrepreneurial opportunity structure, and illustrated that entrepreneurial opportunity structure influences product attributes and competitive advantage. Entrepreneurial opportunity structure reflects the shape of entrepreneurial opportunity. Third, this research bridged entrepreneurship and strategy strategies, making the conversion between the two streams of research possible. Fourth, we clarified the construct and dimensions of product in start-ups. Lastly, we clarified the sub-constructs under entrepreneurs’ knowledge and their impact on product attributes and competitive advantage.
The findings of the research have practical implications. It can make strategic thinking of potential entrepreneurs in the same industry-growth stage more effective. The implications are: (1) It is a necessary condition that an entrepreneur has enough industry-specific knowledge to be successful; (2) When an entrepreneur has a high level of industry-specific knowledge, if entrepreneur have heterogeneous knowledge or there is an entrepreneurial opportunity in industry environment, then differentiation can success, thus he worth to take entrepreneurial action. If entrepreneur have not heterogeneous knowledge and there is not an entrepreneurial opportunity, then he should not take entrepreneurial action; (3) Discovered entrepreneurial opportunity structure can help potential entrepreneur identify entrepreneurial opportunity in entrepreneurial decision stage, and avoid exploiting a non-entrepreneurial opportunity.
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台北市就業者的休閒狀況與休閒倫理觀修慧蘭, XIU, HUI-LAN Unknown Date (has links)
本論文計一冊,約五萬字,共分六章。
本研究目的在於探討:(一)北市就業者平日參與的休閒活動內容、共同參與伙伴、達
到目的及滿意程度。(二)就業者希望參加但卻很少參加的休閒活動項目及其不能如願
的原因。(三)休閒活動的分類狀況。(四)就業者之人口統計變項、休閒倫理與休閒活
動三者間之關係。
本研究採問卷法,以隨機抽樣方式,抽取台北市八個行政地區有職業者共一○八○人
,共收回有效問卷四○九份。問卷分四部份,結果如下:(一)北市就業最常參加的前
五項休閒活動為:看電影、聽廣播或錄音帶、逛街、其他球類、郊遊。(二)共同參與
伙伴以朋友、家人居多。(三)參加目的依活動不同而有不同之姞果,看電影、看錄影
帶以娛樂為主要目的,聽廣播、郊遊、旅行、散步則是以放鬆心情為目的。(四)想參
加而很少參加的活動依次為:旅行、駕車、學語言、游泳、打高爾夫球、露營等。
(五)無法參加的原因以時間、金錢佔多數。
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中高齡失業者職業訓練與再就業問題之探討 / A Study of Middle-aged Umemployed Vocational Training and Re-employment陳羿岑, Chen, Yi Cen Unknown Date (has links)
隨著社會人口結構的變化,高齡化與少子化對未來勞動力的運用、及相關社會保險產生很大的影響,因此提高中高齡人力資源的運用是必要的。在提升中高齡勞動力的運用政策下,期望中高齡失業者參加藉由職業訓練以協助其再就業。然而卻發現重複參加訓練者大多是中高齡的問題,未因為接受職業訓練而就業或穩定就業,反而再度回到職業訓練中,代表著中高齡的職業訓練制度出現了問題,以致無法發揮原來的效用。本研究從提升中高齡人力資源的角度,了解中高齡人力資源運用的現況、運用及再就業所面臨的問題,進而討論我國職業訓練制度現況、問題及相關規範,做為了解中高齡職業訓練的研究基礎。藉由訪談結果,分析影響中高齡職業訓練成效的原因,以探討中高齡重複參訓的原因,以釐清職業訓練在對於提升中高齡人力資源運用可能存在的問題。
本研究發現從參加職業訓練前、課程開始、訓練過程、到訓練結束,皆存在可能影響中高齡重複參加職業訓練的原因。職業訓練未能使中高齡者順利再就業或穩定就業,職業訓練對於提高就業的效果不佳,顯示職業訓練制度存在者一些問題。本文將造成中高齡者重複參訓的問題結論出四個面向,即中高齡受訓者與環境互動所形成的選擇、中高齡受訓者與職業訓練單位的相互關係、訓練單位在職業訓練制度中的選擇、職業訓練制度模組與社會的連結等所衍生出來的現象。
最後對於減少、解決中高齡者重複參加訓練的情況,提出相關建議。分為三個部分,首先為職業訓練制度設計的規定,包括職業訓練生活津貼、失業給付的規範、就業輔導、評鑑制度的調整等。及職業訓練執行過程,對於篩選機制的落實、課程設計與實務連結度、就業服務之資源連結、資訊宣導等。再者為中高齡與職業訓練的關係,包括協助創業、就業機會的連結與結合產業發展、增加職業訓練專班等,不僅減少重複參訓所產生資源配置不均的問題,同時也期望職業訓練能確實發揮促進中高齡者就業的功用。
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我國行動通訊系統業者在第三代行動通訊服務市場經營策略之研究 / The Managerial Strategies of Operators in 3G mobile service market of Taiwan盧建安, Lu, Chien-An Unknown Date (has links)
策略規劃的良窳關係到企業發展和生存空間的開創,也就是說,良善的策略可幫助企業在煩雜客題中,釐清頭緒及當前應關注的重點。而本研究希望從欲爭取執照成為行動通訊系統業者為對象,探討未來第三代行動通訊服務市場受到主流標準、新技術的採用、政府產業政策制定以及消費者需求更迭將產生結構上的變化,系統業者之經營策略會如何發展。
本研究採「個案研究法」。因此在確認研究主題與研究範圍之後,隨即進行相關文獻的蒐集與探討,之後再根據學者的研究歸納及筆者的邏輯推論,發展本研究的架構;再依據此研究架構,整理本研究對象所需的次級資料,並設計訪談大綱對規劃策略的高階經理人進行深度訪談。最後進行個案分析並發展命題以及推導出結論與建議。
研究發現,當全球解除管制朝電信自由化,以及自由競爭市場的潮流發展,產業經濟集中度將提高。影響行動通訊服務產業發展的重大因素有技術的發展應用、政府政策、消費者行為以及業者的投入和開創,而且關鍵成功要素將從服務傳輸的品質轉變成內容服務的創新與加值。此外,系統業者在可移動性結合網際網路的第三代行動通訊服務市場當中,位居核心地位,其策略的制定與執行不僅關係到本身企業的榮枯,更牽涉到各個產業的興衰,以及消費者的權益;所以必須在供需雙方面下功夫,亦即實體網路、內容服務、終端載具形成的合作機制的建立,並教育與刺激消費者以增加需求。
通訊與網路的發展使得整個產業價值鏈分工趨向專業並緊密聯盟,而且沒有一家企業能總括所有的產業區隔;另外,第三代行動通訊服務市場在技術與服務的本質上可說是一項新事業,因此競標團隊在此新事業的發展上相當強調「綜效的追求」,策略作為將走向利用本身資源累積的移轉以提高經營的門檻,以及以行動通訊匯聚、整合旗下所有的產業區隔,以發揮整體作戰優勢與開創新利基市場。另外,伴隨行動通訊全球漫遊的發展,系統業者勢必跟隨全球化腳步跨國發展;所以,除了在國內市場建立厚實基礎,累積核心能耐與競爭優勢以增強議價力外,並要結合國際一流廠商的資源和品牌優勢,利用文化障礙與華文內容發展的經驗和know-how,深耕華文市場。 / The key issue of corporate developing and creating new area is strategic planning. Meanwhile, good strategic planning helps business clarify the viewpoint in the complex environment. Both mobile communication and Internet are mainstream of the telecommunication industry. And 3G will integrate mobility and Internet. I hope to discuss the managerial strategies of operators in the mobile service market.
This research adopts 「Case Study Research」. After deciding the research theme and range, I began to gather up related references and analyze them according to research frame. Next, I deeply interviewed with top managers of seven companies. And then, my conclusions were infirmed by them.
Operators, which provide all kinds of services, need a mechanism that do whole network planning and design contents and services. The operating rule is that appeal to customers, create the contents and services by revenue, adjust the module of platform to reduce the customers’ cost of transaction, and increase the efficiency of network. Most important is to do customers' services management well. The strategy to win the customers is creating value-added services, meanwhile personalized product and value.
We can discuss the synergy from two dimensions: economy of core competence sharing and complementary of all businesses corporation. Operators will develop the「defense」and「attack」strategies from two dimensions. Besides, it is “Giant Game” in the mobile service market. Operators in Taiwan can stand on the local market. Next, they can increase competitive advantages and follow first tier to explore the operating boundary with Chinese content.
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