本研究旨在瞭解新北市國民中小學校長評鑑之實施現況，並探討已參與「新北市國民中小學校長評鑑規劃及試辦計畫第一階段至第三階段」之受評校長，對校長評鑑實施現況之看法，進而檢核該評鑑符合人事評鑑後設評鑑四大標準-「適切性」、「效用性」、「可行性」及「精確性」之程度，最後歸納分析作成結論，並提出具體建議。 本研究採問卷調查法，以「新北市國民中小學校長評鑑之後設評鑑研究調查問卷」為研究工具，針對已參與「新北市國民中小學校長評鑑規劃及試辦計畫第一階段至第三階段」之68位學校校長為問卷調查對象，共寄出36份正式施測問卷，回收有效問卷共31份，以獨立樣本t考驗及單因子變異數分析進行統計。此外，本研究亦採取個案訪談法，以「新北市國民中小學校長評鑑之後設評鑑研究訪談大綱」為研究工具，針對已參與「新北市國民中小學校長評鑑規劃及試辦計畫第一階段至第三階段」之受評校長及評鑑規劃小組成員進行訪談，共計3人，以期深入瞭解新北市實施國民中小學校長評鑑之現況。 依據研究目的、綜合文獻探討、問卷調查分析及個案訪談結果，整理歸納本研究結果如下： 一、北市實施國民中小學校長評鑑在各層面均獲得認同，以適切性層面表現最佳，其次依序為精確性、可行性及效用性層面。 二、「學歷」變項在「適切性」層面具有顯著差異，碩士學歷之受評校長認同程度較高。 三、「學歷」變項在「效用性」層面具有顯著差異，碩士學歷之受評校長認同程度較高。 四、「學歷」變項在「可行性」層面具有顯著差異，碩士學歷之受評校長認同程度較高。 五、「學歷」及「學校規模」變項在「精確性」層面具有顯著差異，碩士學歷之受評校長認同程度較高。 六、新北市實施國民中小學校長評鑑尚屬可行，惟在評鑑計畫反映社會大眾期待、評鑑結果運用、回饋建議符合學校個殊性、評鑑過程兼顧量化及質性資料蒐集等方面可再加強。 七、新北市實施國民中小學校長評鑑能真實反應校長辦學情形，最有幫助之處在於協助校長檢視個人辦學優劣。 最後，本研究針對教育行政機關及未來研究提出具體建議。 關鍵字：校長評鑑、後設評鑑、後設評鑑標準 / The purpose of this research is to realize the implement status of elementary school and junior high school principal evaluation in New Taipei City, and to explore the elementary school and junior high school principals’ opinions on this evaluation. By examining the degree of the propriety, utility, feasibility, and accuracy dimension this evaluation gets, suggestions in accordance with the result of the research are made for improvements. The study adopted questionnaire survey, and the tool was “Questionnaire of meta-evaluation of elementary school and junior high school principal evaluation in New Taipei City”. The research subjects were elementary school and junior high school principals who participated the first stage to the third stage elementary school and junior high school principal evaluation in New Taipei City were surveyed. A total of 36 questionnaires were distributed; 31 valid returned ones were analyzed. Statistical techniques used include t-tests and one-way ANOVA. An interview research was also adopted in this study. 2 principals and 1 faculty who participated the first stage to the third stage elementary school and junior high school principal evaluation in New Taipei City were selected in order to get more information about the evaluation. According to the findings of the research, conclusions were summarized as followings: 1.The principal evaluation of elementary school and junior high school is approved in the propriety, utility, feasibility, and accuracy dimension. The propriety dimension gets the highest scores, followed by accuracy, feasibility, and utility dimension. 2.In the propriety dimension, there is 1 significant difference in the educational background. Master of education principals have higher agreement. 3.In the utility dimension, there is 1 significant difference in the educational background. Master of education principals have higher agreement. 4.In the feasibility dimension, there is 1 significant difference in the educational background. Master of education principals have higher agreement. 5.In the accuracy dimension, there are 2 significant differences in the educational background and the number of school classes. Master of education principals have higher agreement. 6.It’s feasible to implement the principal evaluation of elementary school and junior high school in New Taipei City, but it should be strengthened in the evaluation plan reflects community expectation, evaluation finding uses, the proposal of evaluation reporting is consistent with the different schools’ characteristics. Evaluation process taking into account the qualitative and quantitative data collection. 7.The principal evaluation of elementary school and junior high school in New Taipei City can truly reflects principals’ managing performance. The most helpful thing is to assist principals who examine their merits and shortcomings. Finally, the study provides suggestions to the administrative department and future researchers as reference resources. Key words：principal evaluation；meta-evaluation；meta-evaluation standards

全國性的政策推行，往往需跨機關、跨不同層級政府，甚至需要跨公私部門共同推動。而地方政府雖為公部門之一環，卻有其自主性，在許多國家政策上，地方政府也可以是「決策者」，影響中央之政策制定內涵，而不只是配合中央政府的既定政策的「執行者」，因此政策過程充滿了政治性，需透過溝通協調，甚至中央政府必須提供誘因，始能促使地方政府配合執行。 本文以內政部委託勞工保險局進行「97-100年度補助地方政府辦理所得未達一定標準認定計畫」及後來轉型的「101-102年度補助地方政府辦理所得未達一定標準認定及國民年金被保險人繳費率提升計畫」為例，聚焦於中央與地方政府間的政策執行過程實務，運用深入訪談法及文獻分析法，探討政策形成的過程中內政部、勞保局與地方政府之間的互動，以及因為補助款所形成的三方政策執行關係，如何影響政策本身及政策之執行，又政策的執行過程中遭遇了什麼樣的困難與問題。 研究結果發現，政策形成、規劃與變遷過程充滿政治性，中央政府須提供誘因始能促使地方政府配合執行。政策執行過程中，主管機關、主辦機關及執行機關的三方關係，耗費許多溝通協調成本；政策規劃之執行方式與政策目標之間的連結性不明確，難以提高執行者之認同感；以都市觀點規劃執行，較未顧及城鄉差異及因地制宜之彈性；規劃補助人力員額之不穩定性，造成執行人員流動率高，增加教育訓練成本，復以知識管理之機制不夠完善，而使新進人員業務交接產生斷層。監督及績效評估過程，僅訂有獎勵制度激勵地方政府執行，但因未訂有未達目標值之相關懲罰機制，有少數地方政府因此較不在意執行效能的低落；績效評估範圍限於國民年金業務，對於致力整合社會福利之地方政府缺乏激勵。 本研究文末對中央補助地方政府執行政策，提出實務運作上的建議：府際間或單位間，平時便應重視夥伴關係之建立與維繫；政策規劃應審慎考量執行方式與目標的聯結性；規劃執行方式應注意是否拘於都市觀點，並建立政策學習機制；建立知識管理機制，培養執行人員策劃與溝通能力；監督機制應具備實際督促執行之效用；績效評估指標應能有效連結獎懲並指導地方政府之執行；整合社會福利訪視計畫，以使中央補助地方政府之經費獲致最大效益。

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第14604号 / 工博第3072号 / 新制||工||1457(附属図書館) / 26956 / UT51-2009-D316 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科環境地球工学専攻 / (主査)教授 吉田 治典, 教授 髙橋 大弐, 教授 鉾井 修一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第22013号 / 工博第4625号 / 新制||工||1721(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科電子工学専攻 / (主査)教授 竹内 繁樹, 教授 川上 養一, 准教授 蛯原 義雄 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(エネルギー科学) / 乙第13211号 / 論エネ博第63号 / 新制||エネ||73(附属図書館) / (主査)教授 土井 俊哉, 教授 馬渕 守, 教授 平藤 哲司 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Energy Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

中國國內移動通信企業對於標準必要專利與美國移動通信產業知名NPE——InterDigital的初次交鋒就使得InterDigital付出了2000萬元人民幣的代價。而後，發改委對於就高通濫用標準必要專利的反壟斷調查更是開出了60.88億元的天文數字罰款單。 事實上，這些數字不僅起到了吸睛的作用，將人們的目光分分聚焦到中國的移動通信產業，同時，也因為案件發生的時間點而使得很多業界參與者猜測這樣的判決結果很可能是政府發展中國移動通信產業的政策手段。畢竟，自2000年TD-SCDMA成為世界公認的第三代移動通信標準之一以後，中國政府就打著TD產業的發展口號開始著力關注起中國移動通信市場的發展。自2008年奧運會以後，不管是銀行的放款額度還是產業政策的保護力度，都更加凸顯中國發展移動通信產業的決心。 另外，再加上近年來，各大通信巨頭在世界移動通信產業上掀起了大規模的專利戰爭，也使得人們對於專利的關注熱情愈發高漲。尤其是在移動通信產業中起到關鍵作用的標準必要專利，其價值地位也吸引了越來越多的目光。 本文試圖通過梳理TD產業政策演進的過程，來總結出中國自TD產業概念產生之後，移動通信產業發展的各階段產業狀況。再輔以華為VS InterDigital以及高通兩宗反壟斷案來探究產業政策的背後，案件結果究竟對中國移動通信市場的標準必要專利運作模式起到了怎樣的作用。 關鍵字：TD產業、標準必要專利、中國移動通信產業政策、濫用標準必要專利的制約 / For the first time that the Chinese mobile communication enterprise had a confrontation with the famous American NPE in mobile industry——Interdigital, it ended up with the result that Interdigital paid the composition of 20 million RMB. Moreover, China Development and Reform Commission gave Qualcomm a ticket of Six billion after the antitrust investigation of its abuse of Standard Essential Patents. All these numbers not only attracted public concern to the Chinese mobile communication industry, but also make some related participants thought the time of cases happened showed the sentences might be the policy methods to develop the Chinese own mobile communication industry. Since TD-SCDMA became one of the global certificated 3rd Generation Standard, Chinese government has made great efforts to develop the Chinese mobile communication under the banner of development of TD industry. After the Beijing Olympic Games in 2008, Chinese government’s determination in developing the Chinese mobile communication became greater. The evidences were the increase of banks loans and the protection of industrial methods in related filed. Furthermore, the communication giants’ pattern wars in the field of the global communication industry during recent years also raised public attention to the patterns, especially the standard essential patents which played a critical role in communication industry. This thesis attempts to reveal the industrial situations of different stages in the development of communication industry after the rise of Chinese TD industrial concept by sorting out the evaluation of TD industrial policies. Moreover, two antirust cases of HUAWEI VS InterDigital and Qualcomm shows how the sentences affected the operating mode of standard essential patents in Chinese mobile communication industry behind the industrial policies.

今 (2008) 年，全球規模排名前三大的電腦展，從1月開始美國拉斯維加斯的CES展、3月的德國漢諾威的CeBiT展，到6月在台北的Computex展，數千家之參展廠商，數十萬之買主與參觀人士，不約而同，大家的主訴求都是「綠色」與「節能」。向來，三大電腦展都是未來產品的風向球，加上從美國前副總統高爾的紀錄片「不願面對的真相」看到地球暖化現象日益嚴重，石油價格也不斷再創歷史新高，的確讓人感到這個世界將變得更為綠色，當人們愈來愈重視自己居住的這個環境與資源，也宣告「綠色產品、綠色消費」的時代正式來臨。 近年來一波波的綠色浪潮，如同過去十餘年間的網路興起，所產生巨大的改變一般。全球環保意識覺醒，尤以歐盟一向以高環保標準為最，陸續在2005年8月起推行的三大環保指令：WEEE(回收化)、RoHS(無毒化)、EuP(節能化)，超過80％的環境衝擊都跟產品設計有緊密關聯；是故，整合環境考量因素而成綠色產品的生態化設計作法，將會是企業最有效的方法。 上述WEEE 及RoHS兩項已於2006 年7月1日後，正式對輸出到歐盟各國的產品中全面實施管制，而日本、韓國、中國等國及美國(部分州)等，亦在2007年初立法通過並已實施，此股全球化之綠潮，已是勢不可擋；第三項的EuP (Energe using Product)「耗能使用產品之生態化設計指令」，歐盟各國已大多立法制定完成，部分國家還一併通過違規罰則，預計在2009年第一季起開始啟用，屆時勢必又將再度啟動第三回合的環保大挑戰。 我國對歐盟之貿易額佔了總體的比重極大，於2007年，我國出口到歐盟各國之電機、電子產品等金額超過逾NT$3,000億，企業也決不容忽視這廣大的市場商機。本研究的個案公司向來對環保意識相當重視，亦積極地關注在永續發展與環保議題上，所設計製造的綠色產品也行銷全球；現今的設計趨勢都以綠色、節能為導向，身處電子、電機產業的一員，面臨這項嚴峻之挑戰，更需即早因應，通過這些環保規範檢測，才能確保產品順利銷往歐盟。 本研究乃透過個案公司於過去三、四年中，利用 6 Sigma 的DMAIC循環改善手法，搭配ISO 9000/14000品質/環境管理系統以有效整合，組成專案團隊運作，成功導入6 Sigma WEEE / RoHS等專案，且比2006年7月1日的法定實施期限日，提早一季的時間完成歐盟WEEE及RoHS所有綠色產品之設計，並在符合法定時程/品質要求/客戶滿意等情況下順利出貨。 爰此，以綠色設計為整體考量因素，建置成一套標準化的流程機制，應用到EuP新環保規範中，進行產品節能、生命週期等多項評估，提升生態化設計能力。EuP雖與RoHS/WEEE的指令訴求內容互異，但本著6 Sigma RoHS過去分析及改善等手法，藉由嫻熟運作之科學管理模式，來縮短研發時程；目標為：提早一季時間完成產品設計，且品質符合環保規範驗證之出貨準備；期間雖會遭遇諸多問題與困難，但以6 Sigma經驗豐富之優秀成員組成的團隊，將採絕佳默契、合作無間的精神，順利於今年底達成任務，也為個案公司大幅提升環保戰力之全球競爭優勢。 關鍵字：限用有害物質指令、耗能使用產品指令、生態設計、國際標準組織、六標準差專案管理。 / In the world’s top three exhibitions of the electronic industry this year - namely CES of Las Vegas in January, CeBIT of Hanover in March, and Computex of Taipei in June, the main theme is the same: Green Technology and Energy Saving Products. Mr. Al Gore’s ‘Inconvenient Truth’ has unfolded future disasters caused by global warming, together with recent oil price hikes over US$140 a barrel, all these environmental and energy crisis have hastily ushered in the ‘Green Product Epoch.’ The European Union led the wave of Green Products by issuing the WEEE (Waste Electrical Electronic Equipment) directives in August 2005 which aimed at reducing E/E waste disposal through reuse, recycle and recovery, followed by the RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substance) directives enforced on July 1, 2007. EuP (Energy using Product) is the latest set of directives which will be implemented in 2009. Since more environmental impacts relate to product design, the green product ecological design incorporating environmental factors is most effective method. These regulations will greatly affect members of global E.E product supply. Taiwan had a big trade count with EU in the past time, so it will be caused more impacted as well. Therefore, many countries have regulated new national standards, many Taiwanese firms are making great efforts on the issues of Eco Design for energy saving to meet the trend on environment protection as earlier as possible and to provide operational producers for the business toward green global supply chain. For enterprises to implement environmental management system and to establish green product design and production by ISO9000 / ISO 14000 systems, and there are many procedures, validation and testing need to by 6 Sigma DMAIC improvement methodology. This case study proposes a model to include the RoHS green product into quality system successfully in 2 years ago, next case is provided to verify the model and justify how a firm can efficiently use the proposed model and empirical experience to meet product certification requirement into the system. The findings of this research can support other enterprises to implement appropriate model to integrate green product with framework of ISO9000/14000 quality/environment management system by 6 Sigma process. This is also suitable for a firm to upgrade its management system to meet various green requirements as WEEE, RoHS and EuP. The study is still enphasised many Taiwan manufacturers are tempted by the success of 6 Sigma in the western world and are now in the process of introducing 6 Sigma into their organizations. The push to further reduce costs has urged the firms to use 6 Sigma to regain their competitive positions in the global economy. Keywords: RoHS, EuP, Eco Design, ISO, 6 Sigma Managment

技術標準化與相關智慧財產權保護，一直以來為智慧財產權法與競爭法的交集與爭議的話題。其中又以標準必要專利侵權糾紛為主。基於標準必要專利權人與前在被授權人雙方的立場，其中目前最具爭議的問題應該涉及禁制令救濟的適用性或以F/RAND授權原則為基礎的抗辯來排除侵權。 標準制訂組織（Standard Setting Organization, SSO）訂定F/RAND授權原則承諾（Fair, Reasonable And Non-Discriminatory）於其智慧財產權政策，要求標準專利權人應以公平、合理且無歧視的授權條件，向所有標準實施者提供授權。F/RAND授權原則承諾之發展，目前趨向於強調專利權人的契約義務，以第三方受益人的立場來平衡授權當事人的談判地位；如何「符合F/RAND授權原則之授權」，目前各國尚未有明文法律解釋，對於F/RAND授權原則承諾之清楚定義與規範，目前僅有法院及競爭法主管機關之見解。 在標準必要專利訴訟中，台灣廠商處於被告之身分的狀況居多。面對禁制令的威脅，如何更清楚地了解目前各管轄法院的看法以決定訴訟或談判策略更是重要。本文整理美國、歐洲及亞洲國家之管轄法院案例，加上對競爭法架構下的標準專利授權規範的分析，最後整理如何讓F/RAND授權原則承諾成為對抗禁制令有效抗辯。希望本文能為涉及標準專利訴訟之台灣廠商提供有價值的參考意見。 / Technology standardization and intellectual property protection has been an overlapping and controversial issue between Intellectual Property laws and Competition Law, particularly when it comes to infringement on F/RAND encumbered Standard Essential Patent, SEP. From both standard essential patent owner and potential licensee’ perspectives, the most questionable issue is whether injunctive relief should be available to the holder of F/RAND encumbered SEP who committed to license on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (F/RAND) terms, in order to prevent a third-party implementer from practicing a standard reading on that SEP, when such implementer is willing to take a license but the parties disagree on the terms of the license. Furthermore, the definition of F/RAND has never been clearly defined by statutes or interpreted by any judiciary; interested parties could only refer to decisions or guidelines made by the judiciaries or competition authorities in different countries. It is rather common for Taiwanese companies to face F/RAND encumbered SEP law suits as the defendants. Given the even severer threat of injunctive relief, it becomes more important to understand the position each judiciary takes on this issue to have appropriate strategies on law suits and negotiation. This thesis is accordingly written on the following perspectives: firstly, starting with discussion about F/RAND-encumbered SEP law suits in the United States, Europe and Asia; secondly, bringing in SEP encumbered disputes or investigations into framework of Competition Law from competition authorities among different countries and lastly trying to present possibilities that F/RAND commitment as a cause of action under Contract Law can be applied as defense to overcome injunctive relief sought by F/RAND-encumbered SEP licensors. Meanwhile, this thesis is expected to provide Taiwanese companies valuable strategies to law suits or disputes involving F/RAND-encumbered SEPs.

反壟斷法(我國為公平交易法)上的效率抗辯，是指經營者通過證明結合的效率效果足以抵消或超過反競爭效果而取得反壟斷法豁免。“減損競爭”和“促進效率”這兩大因素的權衡是企業結合反壟斷控制的核心內容。 第一章為引言部分，提出本文的研究動機，並對研究方法、研究限制及論文大綱進行簡要介紹。在第二章介紹效率抗辯定義，及反壟斷法視野下普遍被接受的主要效率類型。第三章對效率抗辯制度在歐美國家的發展作了回顧。第四章則是利用經濟分析方法，計算反競爭效果，再比較分析實質性減少競爭標準和嚴重妨礙有效競爭標準之差異。第五章分三部份，第5.1章提及普遍被採納的效率抗辯模式，主要係一體分析模式、抵消分析模式和混合分析模式三種。並建議基於我國國情和《公平交易法》的相關規定，我國宜採用混合分析模式。第5. 2章就效率抗辯制度的適用標準而言，主要有價格標準、消費者剩餘標準、總剩餘標準和權重平衡標準。第5. 3章建議確立效率抗辯制度的證明標準、證明方法。尤其，就效率抗辯制度的適用條件而言，主要有效率為集中所特有、效率的及時性、效率的可證實性、在壟斷或接近壟斷的集中案件不應適用等要件。第六章建議我國明確建立安全港標準，凡屬於安全港範圍的結合不再作進一步審查。第七章綜合上述的結論，試著對我國效率抗辯制度建立提供建議 。 關鍵字：效率抗辯、事業結合、實質性減少競爭標準、嚴重妨礙有效競爭標準、抵消分析、一體分析、混合分析、價格標準、消費者福利標準、總剩餘標準、權重平衡標準 / The efficiency plea on the antitrust law refers that the intensified efficiency effect proved by the operator is sufficient to set off or stronger than the anti-competition effect so as to be exempted by the antitrust law. Competition impairment and efficiency promotion are two factors need to be traded off during the anti-monopoly control on concentration for business operators. Chapter One presents the motive , approach, framework, scope and limitations of the paper. Chapter Two introduces the definition of efficiency and the main types of efficiency which includes production efficiency, allocative efficiency, dynamic efficiency and other efficiencies. Chapter Three provides a brief history of efficiency plea practices in Europe and the United States . Chapter 4 tries to compare the Substantial Lessening of Competition test (SLC) with Significantly Impedes Effective Competition test (SIEC ) standards and try to prove the SIEC is suitable for our country. Chapter 4 also attempts to analyze anti-competitive effects of mergers by using economic analysis methods. Chapter Five is divided into three sections. Section one analyzes the main types of efficiency defense system models, including the integrated analysis model, offset analysis model and mixed analysis model. Considering the actual situation in our country and in accordance with regulations by the Antitrust Law of Taiwan, a mixed analysis mode is suggested for application. Section two focuses on the welfare standards of price standard, consumer welfare standard, the total surplus standard and the balancing weights standard. Section three recommends that standard of proof and method of proof and types of application conditions shall be established. Especially, the main types of application conditions are efficiency specific to concentration, the timeliness of the efficiency, the verifiability of the efficiency and whether the efficiency defense system is applied in the situation of near monopoly. Chapter Six defines the relevant market and suggest Critical loss analysis should be introduced for the relevant market definition. Chapter Six also suggests to adopt the " strong safe harbor" standard which means that once undertakings belong to the safe harbor range，they will no longer be subject to further review. The final chapter tries to offer some suggestions on the establishment of efficiency defense in Taiwan . Key words: efficiency plea, concentration of undertakings, the Substantial Lessening of integrated analysis model, offset analysis model, mixed analysis model, price standard, consumer welfare standard, the total surplus standard, the balancing weights standard

近年來，由於消費者對於產品安全的重視程度與日俱增，各式各樣的私營標準開始蓬勃發展。這些私營標準雖不具備法律強制力，其所導致的市場排擠效應仍使生產者不得不積極使其產品取得各項私營標準的認證，引發私營標準是否具有實質上強制力並進而影響國際間自由貿易之疑慮。隨著開發中國家自2005年開始於SPS委員會中提出全球良好農業慣例標準對國際自由貿易之負面影響，私營標準之相關法律議題於WTO場域中益發重要，實有研究討論之必要。鑒於私營標準種類、數量之眾，本論文以於WTO下被具體指謫之全球良好農業慣例標準為例，探討全球良好農業慣例標準是否有落入WTO法規範管轄範疇之可能，並透過涉及私營標準議題之食品衛生檢驗與動植物檢疫措施協定、技術性貿易障礙協定與關稅及貿易總協定相關條文的解釋與分析，討論全球良好農業慣例標準與該些規範之關連性及適法性，既而於WTO下甚至WTO以外之國際場域，探究尋求相關貿易衝擊因應之道的可行性，希冀能為私營標準對國際自由貿易體系所帶來的影響及其與WTO之關係進行審視並作出建議。 / In recent years, all kinds of private standards have started to develop prosperously because consumers consider product safety more and more important. Although these private standards are not mandatory, the crowding out effect of markets causing by these standards still makes producers have to achieve relevant certification as far as possible. This situation causes anxiety about the possibility that private standards are de facto mandatory and create trade barriers. While developing countries have stated that GlobalGAP Standard makes bad influence on international trade in the SPS Committees since 2005, the legal issues about private standards become more and more important under WTO regime and need to be studied and discussed. In view of the fact that there are too many kinds of private standards, the thesis takes GlobalGAP Standard for example to discuss whether private standards shall be subject to the rules of WTO Agreements. In order to conduct careful examining and come up with suggestions of the influence on international trade which caused by private standards and the relationship between private standards and WTO, it is necessary to research into the connection between GlobalGAP Standard and WTO rules and the legality of this standard through explaining and analyzing relevant rules which involves the issue of private standards under the SPS Agreement, TBT Agreement, and GATT and to discuss the feasibility of finding the solution to relevant trade impact under WTO regime or other international fields.