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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

太陽花學運對臺灣政治參與之影響 / The Influence of Taiwan Sunflower Movement on the Political Participation in Taiwan.

陶曉嬋, Tao, Hsiao Tsan Unknown Date (has links)
太陽花學運期間藉由善加操作數位平台,激起一股臺灣人民的民主力量,更彰顯公民團體及公民監督的卓越成效。太陽花學運後,臺灣社會在這場公民運動結束後產生諸多變遷,這場震撼全世界的學運,甚至被譽為外媒譽為「臺灣之春」。 本研究透過文獻檢閱,探討太陽花學運對臺灣政治參與之影響,亦透過質性的深度訪談,篩選實際參與太陽花學運的公民社團成員、學運社團成員進行與本研究各章節主題相關的深度訪談。 這次抗爭顯示出臺灣公民的政治覺醒,觸發起臺灣青年的政治意識,也打擊政府的威望,甚至打亂北京政府的佈署,更激勵其他地方民眾今後爭取民主自由權利的抗爭。本文從政治參與觀點出發,來探討太陽花學運後公民積極採取反對權和相關參政行為。盼藉此研究深入了解太陽花學運對臺灣政治參與之影響,也提供公民運動及公民運動團體相關研究之參考。
32

中國大陸醫療器材法規與監督管理制度之研究 / A Study on Regulations for the Supervision and Administration of Medical Devices in China

尹其言, Yin, Chi Yen Unknown Date (has links)
醫療器材法律規章與監督管理制度的探討,能夠教育社會大眾遵守法律、保障醫療器材產品品質、維持市場公平競爭、保障人們使用安全和身體健康。進而對於整體醫療器材產業,可以在面對法律問題之前的法律責任、行為規則、違法情形以及類推適用作為憑據和參考。 本研究目的是(1)檢視中國大陸醫療器材法律規章之起源與形成由來。(2)瞭解中國大陸醫療器材監督管理制度的發展情況。(3)探討中國大陸醫療器材監督管理相對人違法責任與違法處罰行為。 本研究主要以「內容分析法」,從中英文參考書籍、學術論文以及相關市場報告、期刊文章等,蒐集具有醫療器材相關的法學理論、法規制度、監督管理等關聯性資料加以歸納整理並進行討論。其次,採用「比較分析法」,將歐盟、日本、中華民國以及美國之醫療器材法規和監督管理制度與中國大陸進行對比分析。本研究以中國大陸醫療器材法律體系、法規制度和監督管理三項研究構面進行觀察,期許呈現符合學術標準的信度與效度之研究結果。 研究結果發現,中國大陸《醫療器械監督管理條例》屬於「行政法規」層級。監督管理的方式主要為「產品上市前審查」與「產品上市後監督」。其中「產品上市前審查」需要遵循:(a)醫療器材檢測管理、(b)醫療器材註冊管理、(c)醫療器材生產管理、(d)醫療器材說明書、標籤和包裝管理與(e)醫療器材經營管理;「產品上市後監督」必須恪守:(f)醫療器材使用管理、(g)醫療器材廣告管理、(h)醫療器材進出口管理、(i)醫療器材不良事件監測管理、(j)醫療器材召回管理、(k)醫療器材監督檢查和(l)醫療器材行政處罰等各項法規與條例。 研究結論歸納,2014年最新修訂的中國大陸《醫療器械監督管理條例》主要是:(1)風險管理分級、(2)審查制度精簡、(3)產品流向追蹤、(4)監管功能強化以及(5)明確法律責任。 / This study aimes to determine the regulations for the supervision and administration of medical devices which is able to educate citizen to complying with the law, ensuring the quality of medical products, maintaining fair competition in the market, protecting the safety and health of people utilization. Furthermore, according to the breadth and complexity of the industry, this proposal can be directed rules as reference in case encountered juridic liability, legal issues or wrongful circumstances before acquired appreciable support from counsellor. The research topics of this article are (1) Examining the draft laws, regulations and rules and policy plots on the governance of medical devices in China. (2) Understanding the development of medical devices regulatory system in China. (3) Exploring the regulatory responsibility of medical devices and penalize illegal behavior in China. Content analysis methodology was conducted for this overview, this writings evaluated regulations of medical devices and administrative institution. Quality system regulations were also investigated by the comparative analysis along with China, European Union, Japan, Taiwan, R.O.C. and the United States. Results reveal that the regulations of medical devices are belong to administrative statute level, the supervision of meical devices is divided to pre-market review and post-market surveillance. Pre-market review contains (a) inspection management, (b) registered management, (c) production management, (d) manuals, labeling and packaging management and (e) advertisement management. Post-market surveillance embodies (f) the application of medical devices management, (g) medical devices advertising management, (h) medical devices import and export management, (i) medical devices monitoring and management of adverse events, (j) medical devices recall management, (k) supervision and inspection of medical dvices together with (l) medical devices regulations and administrative penalties, and other regulations. The findings were summarized as the following statements, the essentials on the latest revised regulations for the supervision and administration of medical devices in China in 2014 are (1) risk based classification, (2) market notification and approval, (3) products sales tracking, (4) supervisory functions strength and (5) distinct legislative liability.
33

九十年代中國大陸基層政治參與之研究-村民自治分析

吳大平 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文從「後社會主義中國」發展的框架下以「村民自治」來研究九十年代大陸基層政治參與,從制度層面及非制度層面探討大陸農村村民「政治參與權」發展情況,並分析對大陸未來政治發展可能產生的積極影響及消極影響。制度層面指涉的範圍是在「村民自治」的正式制度規範設計對於人民政治參與權利以及管道上的影響,主要包括「民主選舉」、「民主決策」、「民主管理」、「民主監督」、「村民小組」等等;非制度層面指涉的是包括內外部政治環境、傳統文化、經濟環境、社會環境等因素對人民政治參與的影響。從「村民自治」的制度層面和非制度層面的因素探討中,發現九十年代「村民自治」的政治參與呈現出一種嚴重的不平衡發展狀態。在制度面上,<組織法>比<試行法>在「四個民主」的機制設計比較進步,但是在選舉的競爭機制改善上成就不是很大;在非制度面上,經濟發展、仲介社團的產生及資訊的進步等因素對於民眾參與的意願有所促進,但是宗族、黨幹部的心態、傳統文化以及政府對傳媒的管制等因素卻使民眾的政治參與受到限制。九十年代大陸基層政治參與情況,由於制度變遷「路徑依賴」的選擇及自我強化的結果,使「後社會主義中國」政治參與的轉型發展,朝著「部份民主化」的方向前進,形成「接近自主型」、「部分自主型」、「被動型」三種不同的「政治參與權」型態。照目前「村民自治」發展情況來看,中共政權朝民主化方向發展是侷限性大於可能性。以漸進、溫和的方式由下而上的推動制度變革、經濟的發展、社會多元化、公民意識及參與政治文化的建立,來作為大陸推動民主化的策略選擇,雖然目前看來成功機會不大,但可作為未來大陸政治轉型之一種轉形發展策略。 / This paper attempts to look into the local political participation in Mainland China during the 1990s. The analysis on the villagers’ self-government under the framework of the post-socialism and the transitional development of Chinese Mainland and the analysis on the villagers’ “political participation powers and rights” from the formal and the informal systems of villagers’ self-government will be used to find the positive and the negative influences on the future of Mainland China’s political development by local self-government political participation. The scope of the formal system of villagers’ self-government includes democratic election, democratic decision-making, democratic management, democratic supervision and villagers’ subcommittee. The scope of the informal system of villagers’ self-government includes the interior and the exterior political environment, traditional culture, economic factor, and social environment. From the gathered data, we find the local political participation on the Mainland China during the 1990s is seriously unbalanced in rural areas of PRC. Because of the effect of path dependence, the transitional path forms three different types of “political participation powers and rights.” From the indications of current local political participation, the democratization of PRC in the near future will be limited. However, the strategy for gradualism reform still can be viewed as one possible path for transitional development of Chinese Mainland.
34

以資料採礦的方法探索影響台灣地區女性戶長的原因

李孟謙, LEE, MENG CHIEN Unknown Date (has links)
「資料採礦」(Data Mining)為一種結合統計分析、資訊工程和各領域間專業知識的一種新興分析技術,例如:產業界的市場分析,金融界的財務分析,保險業的風險管理,生物科技界的疾病分析以及政府的人口統計,在各行各業使用資料採礦技術的人員日益增加。然而,正因資料採礦屬於新興發展的領域,仍有不少事項尚待開發,例如:不同型態的資料如何處理。本文即探討兩種不同型態的資料:資料量多、變數少以及資料量少、變數多兩種,以監督學習(Supervised Learning)和分類(Classification)的概念,分別對觀察值較多的2000年台灣地區戶口普查資料探討影響女性戶長的因素,而對變數較多的攝謢腺癌資料詮釋血清的病症類型,研究不同的類型資料可能的處理步驟。 本文主要的結論為:1.當資料量多時,引入抽樣的概念,資料採礦可利用抽樣將資料量縮減,減少處理時間,並且抽樣資料和全部資料在分類錯誤率的差異頗為相近,因此抽樣為一種可行的處理方式。以研究女性戶長為例,資料量最少的東部資料為抽樣代表,在不失分類準確性的前提下,抽樣3%資料的分析結果與使用整體資料的結果相差不多,達到合乎經濟效應。2.當資料量少時,引入變數縮減的想法,使用敘述性統計量和不均度的17個指標統計量,能替代全部變數進行分析,運用羅吉斯迴歸方法,分類錯誤率的結果在可接受範圍內,並且解決在傳統分析上自由度不夠的問題。以研究攝護腺癌症為例,在不損失太多分類正確性的原則下,將血清透過質譜儀所反映的強度,透過變數縮減的技巧提高分析效率;另外,縮減變數後自由度充足,傳統的統計方法可運用在攝護腺癌的資料上,使分析的工具有較廣泛的選擇。
35

我國非營業特種基金監督機制之研究

廖婉汝 Unknown Date (has links)
我國政府預算採基金制,所有收入支出都透過基金處理,而基金依預算法規定又分為普通基金和特種基金兩類,前者為一般用途,後者為特殊用途。依預算法第四條的定義,特種基金依性質又分為營業基金、債務基金、信託基金、作業基金、特別收入基金、資本計畫基金六種,一般定義將營業基金及信託基金以外的四類基金統稱為「非營業基金」。非營業特種基金在設置之初都有其目的與必要性,但因種種原因,逐漸產生了基金設置浮濫、疊床架屋、功能不彰、作業效能欠佳、破壞財政統收統支之運作體制、影響國庫財務靈活調度等批評。 預算審議是立法權和行政權互動的結果,有時行政權對預算還具有更高的主導力,而政府總預算裡被視為管理效率最低、使用最混亂、淪為政府隱藏預算工具,同時資訊最不透明、最難以窺見財務全貌的就是非營業特種基金預算。由於非營業特種基金審議具有不同於一般預算的特殊性,本文即計劃透過對特種基金發展及編列過程、立法院預算審議程序及盲點的研究,了解立法院對特種基金監督機制的全貌,進而完成下列研究目的: (一)從分權監督、預算原理、政府財務管理、基金制度的發展與演變等,了解存在於政府預算編列與監督之間的總體問題。 (二)從特種基金的設置理論、特種基金與總預算的關係、政府對特種基金的需求與運用等,檢視特種基金運作的問題。 (三)研究非營業特種基金設置浮濫、疊床架屋、管理困難、規模不當、經營效率不彰、淪為隱藏預算之所、不符成本效益原則等的原因出在哪理?能否透過監督機制的強化而予以妥善解決? (四)透過預算審議過程的解構,分析立法院特種基金監督機制的困境與難題,從而提出研究建議。   研究結果發現,就被監督者的行政部門而言,或出於有意的逃避監督,常發生財務資訊提供不足、或不提供財務以外的經營與績效資訊以供立法院審議的現象;有時則是出於無心的如使用過於專業複雜、過於本位的會計語言來編列特種基金預算的情況,無論何者,都已對監督構成了障礙。就身為主要監督單位的立法院而言,一方面要面對千方百計保障完整行政權的行政單位,一方面也受到自我能力不足、權力不完備的制約。就能力而言,立法委員少有會計專業能力,在責司龐雜、利益團體壓力遠大於專業預算審查使命、審查時間有限、調查權不完備等限制情況下,立法院對非營業特種基金的監督成果尚不能令人滿意。 為了改善立法院在監督品質低落,除了加強立法院預算中心之功能、增加國會專業助理、政黨內培育資深專業人才外,在預算審議流程之制度設計上應從取消多餘而無實益的審議程序、強化立法院在監督預算執行過程中的參與權。管理法規的層級應該提升為立法層次,透過特種基金管理法制化以制衡行政部門,同時應建立特種基金績效評估制度、立法促使財務資訊揭露透明化、適時修訂特種基金管理辦法及預算編列,如此才能真正落實特種基金監督與管理。 / The budget of Taiwan’s government uses a fund system, where all incomes and expenditures must be processed through funds. The Budget Act distinguishes two categories of funds, general funds for general purpose use and special funds for special purpose use. According to Article 4 of the Budget Act, special funds are further divided into six categories: enterprise funds, debt service funds, trust funds, operation funds, special revenue funds, and capital revenue funds. With the exception of enterprise funds and trust funds, all other funds a generally defined as non-profit funds. There are always specific goals and necessities at the origin of the creation of non-profit special funds. However, due to various reasons, these funds have been criticized for extravagant expenditures, unclear functions, and ineffectiveness, as well as for disrupting the income and expenditure mechanism of finances and having a negative influence on the financial management of the National Treasury. Budget approval results from the interaction between the legislative and executive powers, where the executive power sometimes yields greater influence. The budget for non-profit special funds is often criticized as yielding the lowest results, being badly use, being the government as a secret budget tool, and lacking transparency. Because the approval process of non-profit special funds is different from regular budgets, this paper will examine how special funds are created and what is the process for the approval of budget by the Legislative Yuan, as well as identify possible blind spots in order to gain a complete picture of the Legislative Yuan’s supervision mechanism for special funds. This research will achieve the following goals: 1. From the perspective of control through the separation of powers, budget principles, government financial management, and the evolution of the fund system, understand the problems that exist between the government’s budget planning and budget control mechanisms. 2. By examining the theory of special funds, the relationship between special funds and the general budget, as well as the need and use by the government of special funds, identify the problems inherent to the use of special funds. 3. Inquire into the causes behind the problems inherent to non-profit special funds, such as wasteful use, management difficulties, inappropriate size, lack of efficiency, insufficient transparency and poor cost-efficiency, and explore the possibility of improving the situation by strengthening supervision mechanisms. 4. Explore the structure of the budget approval process to analyze the difficulties faced by the Legislative Yuan in supervising special funds and provide recommendations.   This research found that the executive departments either deliberately avoid supervision by not providing sufficient financial information, or do not provide the Legislative Yuan with other information relevant to the administration and use of special funds. Sometimes, the involuntary use of too much accounting jargon by budget makers hampers the ability of legislators to understand and supervise budgets. No matter which circumstance, this creates many hurdles for supervision. As the most important supervising department, the Legislative Yuan must on one hand face numerous executive departments all intent in protecting their executive powers, and on the other hand must deal with restrictions such as limited capacity and limited powers. In terms of capacity, few legislators have professional accounting skills, they must also deal with limitations such as pressure from interest groups, limited time for budget review, and incomplete powers for investigation. As such, the result of supervision by legislators of non-profit special funds leaves to be desired. In order to improve the quality of supervision by the Legislative Yuan, apart from strengthening the central role of the Legislative Yuan in budgeting, increasing the number of professional staff, and cultivating professional staff within political parties, it is also necessary to reduce unnecessary procedures in the budget approval process, as well as strengthen the participative power of the Legislative Yuan in supervising the budget during its execution. The management of special funds should be regulated by law (and not by executive orders as is the present case) in order to balance the power of executive departments, and at the same time establish a system to evaluate the performance of special funds. The law will encourage greater financial transparency and allow the modification of the management process of special funds as well as the planning of budgets. This will facilitate the implementation of the supervision and management of special funds.
36

機關辦理工程採購涉及契約變更爭議之研究

陳世超 Unknown Date (has links)
公共工程於政府採購之履約過程中常因政策性考量、實際施作問題、法令修改、民意反映、使用單位需求等因素,而須適當辦理變更設計、追加減預算,此時機關辦理程序除應依工程採購契約之規定,確認機關得辦理契約變更之內容及範圍;並應依行政院公共工程委員會令頒「採購契約變更或加減價核准監辦備查規定一覽表」,確認該採購之核准、監辦及備查程序。 惟機關辦理工程採購實務上,對於工程契約變更的意義,以及何種情形可以構成契約的變更,得以調整契約之金額或工期,可說是最常見的工程爭議。而國內之工程契約,對於工程契約之變更,原則上均設有簡繁不一之契約條款,而這些條款對於工程契約變更之意義、內涵或態樣,在實務上究應如何解釋或適用,對於機關工程人員而言常生困惑。 因此本文首先就實務上常用得為契約解釋及漏洞填補之法律原則作說明。並透過民法第247條之1說明有關契約之規制,乃在防止契約自由之濫用,以避免契約淪為一方當事人剝奪他方權利之工具,而造成利益顯失平衡之狀態;而契約如發生非具體生活經驗所得預料之障礙或分配風險之契約條款因法律規定而無效時,則應依民法第227條之2第1項規定,透過契約之調整以維契約之公平。 其次,對於機關辦理之工程採購而言,為防範得標廠商不自行履行契約之轉包行為,政府採購法對於契約主體之變更或契約之轉讓有嚴格之限制。惟對於機關辦理之工程採購而言,如絕對禁止契約主體之變更或轉讓,在若干情形下並非當然符合機關之利益,此時仍有契約主體之變更或轉讓之可能。故本文除就契約主體變更之意義略作說明外,亦將對實務上可能發生契約主體變更之情形作一探討;另就工程契約客體變更部分,本文將以常見工程契約變更之原因及相關契約條款規定作說明。並就工程契約變更之範圍與限制、機關指示契約變更的必要性與容許性進行探討。 最後,依契約變更的內容,以新增契約工作項目、刪減契約工作項目、工作數量增減及工作性質與內容等四種變更情形分別討論之,期能理出工程契約變更相關爭議之處理方式,減少機關人員與廠商對於履約管理實務上之認知落差,進而降低政府採購履約階段糾紛之發生,並藉此提高政府整體之採購效率及經濟利益。
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企業成長與管理控制演進之探討-以某跨兩岸企業為例

吳秀珍 Unknown Date (has links)
傳統的中小型企業,在台灣經濟發展史上,佔了舉足輕重的地位。隨著時代的變遷,社會型態的改變,人們的生活水準提高了,價值觀改變了,而在市場的強烈競爭下,企業成長成為必然的,在成長過程中,管理控制成了重要的課題。 本論文個案研究,透過相關文獻探討,傳統企業在成長階段,與管理控制的演進,除了大環境的趨勢變革外,都應用了理論的科學根據。 / The traditional small and medium enterprises play a crucial role in the history of economic development in Taiwan. With the change of times and society type, people’s living standard has been raised and their values have changed. Under the strong market competition, the growth of the enterprise has become inevitable. During the process of growth of the enterprise, the management control has become a key issue. This paper adopts the method of a case study, studies the related literature, and discusses the evolution in the traditional enterprise in the process of growth and management control, which applies the theoretically scientific foundation, except the environmental change in trend.
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強化國內基金治理監督機制之研究

陳麗玲 Unknown Date (has links)
共同基金因具匯集投資大眾資金,委由專業投資機構管理的特色,目前已成為世界各國投資大眾的重要理財工具。由於共同基金係交由專業投資機構管理,共同基金的投資人無從參與基金的日常運作,故共同基金的管理具有公益性,且因基金規模相當龐大,亦與金融秩序與經濟發展息息相關。因此,對於共同基金的管理,主管機關除給予嚴格的行政監督外,亦藉由基金治理制度的建立,使基金受到最佳管理,及投資人權益受到良好的保護,以使基金之發展長久運行,並成為投資大眾所樂於接受與運用之主要投資工具。 國際證券管理機構組織(IOSCO)給予基金治理之定義,係為尋求確保基金是以基金投資人的利益,所組織及運作的架構。基金治理之首要原則,為獨立監督(independent review and oversight)基金管理機構之忠實義務,包括大部分的利益衝突防範,而發展獨立監督功能,即應委由獨立機構(independent entity or entities)負責監督基金管理機構及基金的活動。 我國證券投資信託基金之基金治理制度,係以基金保管機構為獨立監督機構,規範基金保管機構應獨立於證券投資信託事業(即基金管理機構),監督證券投資信託事業管理基金應符合相關法令規範及基金信託契約之規定,此基金治理制度與共同基金型態主要以契約型基金為主之其他國家一致,且符合IOSCO所結論之基金治理核心原則。 然因現行國內證券投資信託事業係以基金銷售功能為導向來選取基金保管機構,導致投信公司為所管理基金選任基金保管機構呈現非單一且極為分散現象;另各基金保管機構不論其所保管基金檔數多寡,亦呈現含括多家投信公司所經理基金之分散情形。由於每家投信公司管理基金所使用之資訊系統並不相同,各基金保管機構如要建置系統以執行其監督職責,不僅系統建置之成本相當高,實際執行上實有其困難度。因此,現行基金保管機構執行監督功能尚未能自行建置管控系統,仍需由投信公司提供必要資料,供基金保管機構執行其監督職責。 為研究改善國內基金保管機構監督功能不彰之方案,本研究爰以美國(開放式基金之發源國及基金規模最大之國家)、英國(投資基金的發源國)、盧森堡(歐盟主要基金註冊國)及採混合型治理架構之加拿大、澳洲等國之基金治理制度進行研究,以作為探討強化我國共同基金治理監督架構之參考。 本論文研究結果認為,就改善基金治理之監督功能、運作成本及法規修訂之複雜度等方面來考量,參考澳洲混合型之基金治理架構,規範基金管理機構應設置一獨立之遵循委員會,負責監控基金管理機構遵行基金遵循計畫,以達到確保基金管理機構之營運行為能符合法令的要求,將有助於強化國內基金治理之獨立監督功能,且亦有助於國內投信公司本身之公司治理,提高法令遵循之執行強度。 本研究最後提出相關建議,主要包括獨立遵循委員會之設置、遵循委員會之職責及遵循委員會成員之義務、提供遵循委員會為執行監督功能之協助、訂定基金遵循計畫及定期由會計師對基金遵循計劃進行遵循查核等,以供未來主管機關未來進行改革之參考。
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董事會監督強度決定性因素之實證研究 / An empirical study on determinant factors of the intensiveness of board monitoring

邱筱茜 Unknown Date (has links)
過去研究指出,增加董事會的開會次數將提高董事會的監督效能。本研究以董事會之開會次數為應變數,納入總經理特性、董事會特性與財務特性,探討影響董事會監督強度之決定性因素。本研究發現,總經理任期、總經理持股比例、董事會規模及前期經營績效對董事會監督強度存在顯著負向關係,而總經理與董事長為同一人對董事會的監督強度呈顯著正相關。進一步將樣本依總經理是否屬於控制家族成員,將樣本分成兩組樣本後,本研究發現,總經理之控制家族色彩會削弱總經理任期與董事會監督強度關聯性,但也具有增強總經理與董事長為同一人、董事會規模與董事會監督強度關聯性的效果。 / Prior researches argue that board meeting time is an important resource in improving the effectiveness of a board (e.g., Vafeas, 1999; Ryan et al., 2007). We use a Poisson model with the number of board meetings as the dependent variable and examine the determinant factors of the intensiveness of board monitoring. We find that the intensiveness of board monitoring is driven by CEO characteristics, board characteristics, and prior performance. CEO tenure, CEO ownership, board size and prior performance are significantly inversely related to the intensiveness of board monitoring. CEO/chair duality positively influences the number of meetings (significant at the 0.1 level). We analyze separately the relations between CEO characteristics, board characteristics, prior performance and meeting frequency for non-family CEOs and CEOs who are numbers of the controlling family, and use interaction term between independent proxies and the controlling family dummy variable to test for the significance of these differences. We find that the relation between the number of board meetings and CEO tenure is weaker when the CEO is a member of the founding family. We also find that the relations between the intensity of board monitoring and CEO duality, board size are stronger when the CEO is a member of the founding family.
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應用共變異矩陣描述子及半監督式學習於行人偵測 / Semi-supervised learning for pedestrian detection with covariance matrix feature

黃靈威, Huang, Ling Wei Unknown Date (has links)
行人偵測為物件偵測領域中一個極具挑戰性的議題。其主要問題在於人體姿勢以及衣著服飾的多變性,加之以光源照射狀況迥異,大幅增加了辨識的困難度。吾人在本論文中提出利用共變異矩陣描述子及結合單純貝氏分類器與級聯支持向量機的線上學習辨識器,以增進行人辨識之正確率與重現率。 實驗結果顯示,本論文所提出之線上學習策略在某些辨識狀況較差之資料集中能有效提升正確率與重現率達百分之十四。此外,即便於相同之初始訓練條件下,在USC Pedestrian Detection Test Set、 INRIA Person dataset 及 Penn-Fudan Database for Pedestrian Detection and Segmentation三個資料集中,本研究之正確率與重現率亦較HOG搭配AdaBoost之行人辨識方式為優。 / Pedestrian detection is an important yet challenging problem in object classification due to flexible body pose, loose clothing and ever-changing illumination. In this thesis, we employ covariance feature and propose an on-line learning classifier which combines naïve Bayes classifier and cascade support vector machine (SVM) to improve the precision and recall rate of pedestrian detection in a still image. Experimental results show that our on-line learning strategy can improve precision and recall rate about 14% in some difficult situations. Furthermore, even under the same initial training condition, our method outperforms HOG + AdaBoost in USC Pedestrian Detection Test Set, INRIA Person dataset and Penn-Fudan Database for Pedestrian Detection and Segmentation.

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