回顧過去十年，整個企業環境和物流市場已經歷了很大的改變。 根據一項問卷調查資料顯示，在美國的第三方物流市場，已經由1996年的310億成長到2004年的850億。 因應廣泛產業中各個公司不斷地增加需求，物流市場也同樣地擴大它的服務範圍，尤其是針對需要跨國物流服務的顧客。 第三方物流產業一直不斷地成長， 目前提供第三方物流業者當務之急就是擴充服務區域，增加服務項目以滿足顧客現在和未來的需求；整合資訊技術，並開發與顧客和其他企業公司之間的關係以應未來的成長和擴充。我們期待在以後的幾年，能看到供應和使用委外物流的服務，有大幅的改變和加強。 RFID 的技術一直發展地非常快速， 全世界最大的零售商 Wal-Mart自2004年開始將RFID導入其物流供應鏈後，經過了2年時間，Wal-Mart的RFID成果已然浮現，自導入RFID後，其門市缺貨比例降低了16%，補貨速度提高3倍 、門市補貨效率加快63%、門市平均庫存量則降低了10%，顯著的導入績效讓Wal-Mart決定擴大計畫。 Wal-Mart以第二方物流角色成功地導入RFID ，並能帶領其他製造廠商和零售業者相繼的投入RFID的技術。 本文中的RFID的個案，是以目前某第三方物流公司的實際運輸環境為Pilot對象，希望藉此測試能夠定訂出支援RFID所需的電腦基礎架構。確定使用RFID的技術和設備相關的限制，並提供建議做為日後導入RFID的依據。同樣的測試方法也適用於一般物流倉儲管理。 在台灣我們沒有像Wal-Mart和EPC這樣大的零售商和單位， 所以政府機關應該支持相關單位導入RFID。 同時政府也應該主動加強與EPCglobal這樣的國際組織合作，參與制定RFID的標準與規範。 建議政府發起類似像Future Store， 由歐洲第三大貿易及零售公司- METRO Group 建造在德國的未來商店，這樣的專案計畫，結合製造商、零售商、配送商，推展 RFID 在物流的應用。 製造商、零售商和配送商能了解RFID 的價值，及RFID對企業的好處，經由第三方物流公司的整合與加值服務，以滿足顧客的需求。 關鍵詞：第三方物流、RFID / Looking back over the past decade, the overall business environment and the logistics sector has experienced significant change. The US 3PL logistics market grew from an estimated US$31 billion in 1996 to US$85 billion in 2004. In response to the expanding needs of companies across a broad range of industries, the logistics sector is being asked to expand its services for customers with global logistics needs. This has created a growing market for comprehensive, global 3PL services. The 3PL industry is still growing. Among the priority currently facing 3PL providers are regional expansion, broadening services to meet the needs of current and future customers, integrating information technologies, and developing relationships with customers and other business firms that will facilitate the growth and expansion that lies ahead. We expect to see in the years ahead significant changes and enhancements to the provision and use of outsourced logistics services. RFID technology is developing fast. Wal-Mart, the biggest retailer in the world today, uses RFID technology to resolve the bottleneck at the receiving end that makes receiving hugely easier. RFID allows Wal-Mart to track any pallet or box at each stage in its supply chain and know exactly what product from which manufacturer is inside, with what expiration date. RFID also helps Wal-Mart to keep the products on the shelf more often and allow quicker remixing of the supply chain in response to events. Wal-Mart is the most successful 2PL company that deployed full RFID system. We can share this story with other manufacturing companies and retailers so RFID can be deployed among them. The objective of the sample pilot case in this paper is to facilitate the RFID in a live transportation environment to identify the IT architecture and infrastructure necessary to support RFID. To identify limitations in RFID technology and equipment and to make recommendations for further development and roll-out. It can also be applied in a warehouse. Simply by creating RFID fields at every inbound and outbound point it will eventually be possible to monitor the exact movements of every pallet, carton or item during its time in store and in 4 transit through an integrated cross docking system. In Taiwan, we don’t have a big retailer company such as Wal-Mart, or a large organization such as EPCglobal, therefore, local government and its related departments must support the deployment of RFID and collaborate with EPCglobal international organization. Local government shall also initiate and sponsor the concept of “Future Store”, built by METRO Group in Germany, to educate our manufacturers, retailers and distributors the value of RFID and the business benefits of RFID. As to 3PL, it is suggested that 3PL providers need to focus on what they do best. That is, 3PL providers must deliver value for their core services. After that, 3PL providers need to understand the businesses of the industries and to build strong capability in logistics and integrate its global capabilities. Therefore, 3PL providers can provide their RFID solutions to meet their customers’ needs. Keywords: 3PL, RFID

本論文主要研究中國第三方理財市場，並以第一家第三方理財公司諾亞財富(N 公司)為研究對象。因應中國經濟的崛起和發展，商業模式日新月異，金融市場也快速成長，其中財富管理市場更受到本土和國際金融業者的矚目，除了傳統銀行著力於發展財富管理業務，更出現各種創新模式的企業搶食市場大餅，第三方理財公司即是中國財富管理的創新案例，本論文由市場面、法規面和現行業者分析等不同構面探討第三方理財的發展歷史、未來前景和挑戰。 因應新常態下經濟模式轉換的挑戰，2015 年兩會上，國務院總理李克強在《政府工作報告》中指出要把“大眾創業、萬眾創新＂打造成推動中國經濟繼續前行的“雙引擎＂之一，傳統製造業全面升級轉型，提高附加價值，增快紅色供應鏈的崛起，金融也出現創業成功的案例，本論文研究對象諾亞財富是中國第三方理財的先驅，也是金融成功創業的案例，作者透過該公司的發展軌跡和轉型過程等層面，研究金融創業的成功關鍵因子，並運用 SWOT 等分析方法，探討諾亞財富面對目前中國快速改變的金融市場的優劣勢分析。

本文試圖由一宏觀角度，對第三方支付平台的發產歷程、運作模式、分類、優勢與風險進行探討。另外，也由經濟學角度分析了第三方支付平台作為解決電子商務市場中買賣雙方訊息不對稱的工具，來自什麼原因，又有什麼樣的特性。其次，透過雙邊市場這一近代產業經濟學重要的概念，對第三方支付由另一個角度進行分析，以期強化對其之理解。最後，針對第三方支付的未來展望，提出相應的建議。

面對國際貿易環境全球化，國內企業經營發展策略與目標已經從本土拓展到全球。目前許多國際大型企業（例如HP、DELL）在勞動與土地成本較低廉之東南亞與大陸等地選擇供應商進行全球採購，或將生產基地移至當地，再將採購之產品銷往母國或行銷至全球市場。而扮演供應商的台灣企業將營運總部與設計等部門留在台灣，因此跨國生產所需的原物料、到成品配送之物流控管相當重要。 台灣為發展「全球運籌中心」近年來進出口原物料與成品改用航空貨運或快遞做全球物流配送愈來愈多，為增加廠商全球競爭力的提升，海關實施縮短通關時程之簡化制度稱之空運簡易報關制度，對全方位物流運輸服務業者UPS、DHL、FEDEX在快遞專區使用其通關作業更為簡便與無紙化，無疑對本土國際物流業者造成更大生存威脅與競爭壓力。台灣的國際物流業者規模小而且過多，在彼此激烈競爭下，顯少業者對服務功能的擴大、資訊化的服務、專業人才的培育做積極投資來提升服務品質。 國際物流業者面對企業需求不斷的增加，多數業者只是想辦法應付客戶現狀要求，少數業者能提供更多的物流服務。由於物流涵蓋業務與範圍廣大，以我國國際物流業者的體質來看，惟有物流業界的水平整合或垂直整合，加上資訊科技化，才能滿足趨勢需求，才能有競爭力。整合的解決方案為何，由誰來整合最有機會與條件，本論文將以國外物流產業發展方向及國內國際物流產業的分析，找出我國國際物流業者的未來發展，是否可以發展出我國的第四方物流為研究的課題。 目前國外國際物流的發展現況與趨勢，對我國國際物流的發展影響，以及我國製造產業大量外移中國大陸、高科技產業對供應鏈整合服務的需求，業者如何提出完整的物流服務架構，我國國際物流業者能否發展成為第四方物流，以此第四方物流共同服務兩岸三地市場。故本研究之目的要探討在國際貿易全球化的趨勢下，國際物流的發展方向為何，對我國物流產業的影響分析及探討我國第四方物流讀未來規劃。 / Taiwan enterprises have shifted their business strategy and goal from the domestic to the global market in order to adapt themselves to the globalization trend. Today, multinational corporations such as HP and DELL either set up their purchase center at South East Asia or/and China to locate their suppliers, or they move their manufacturing plant to those areas where labor cost and land cost are relatively cheaper. These MNCs later ship the products they purchase or produce in low cost areas to their headquarters or global marketplace. As for Taiwanese enterprises who play the role as the suppliers in this global value chain, since their headquarters and R&D centers are normally located in Taiwan while they need to ship the raw materials and finished goods to overseas, the logistics management becomes a critical issue. In aim to become the ‘global logistics center’, airfreight or courier express is used by the enterprises for global delivery in greater scale in the recent years. At the same time, Taiwan Customs has simplified the customs clearance procedures which they named it ‘Simplified Clearance for Express Consignment’ to shorten the cargo clearance time and facilitate the paperless customs clearance for courier express service providers like UPS, DHL and FEDEX. This beneficial act to the big courier express players creates stronger competition and threat to the local global logistics service providers who are the majority in the marketplace but with smaller company size. Even though under the severe competition, Taiwan local logistics service providers didn’t expand their service, nor enhance their management information system, nor cultivate professional staff to improve the service quality. Facing the unceasing requirements from the enterprises, global logistics service providers are merely struggling to fulfill the present needs of the customs, few of them can provide additional logistics services. Since the service and business scope of logistics industry is very wide; and given the constitution of Taiwanese global logistics service providers, the only solution to improve the competitiveness of Taiwan global logistics industry is to integrate the logistics industry both vertically and horizontally with the support of the information technology. This paper will discuss the integration solution and the best candidate to integrate the logistics industry. Based on the study of the development trend of the logistics industry in foreign countries and the local logistics industry analysis, this paper will discuss the future development of Taiwan global logistics service providers and explore the possibility of developing forth-party logistics in Taiwan. Observing the current status and the development trend of the foreign global logistics industry, as well as the strong needs to integrate the supply chain for local high-tech industry, this paper will present the architecture of the logistics service in aim to develop into forth-party logistics to serve the cross-strait market.

「第三方介入」協助談判僵局之解決，是學界普遍認為可行且具實質效益的方法。中國與西藏流亡政府間，不乏第三方介入的身影，甚至以實際行動促成了九次正式的談判，惟持續的接觸與對話，非但未能建立中藏間彼此的信任和尊重，反使雙邊關係更為惡化。 本研究將1950年代達賴流亡印度後至今，劃分為四個時期，彙整各階段之國際政經情勢、中藏對外政策，及第三方涉藏行動，觀察三者間相互的關連性，深入了解國際介入西藏問題的背景，進而以此作為分析回顧「2002-2010年中藏九次談判」的基礎。探討中國政府和西藏流亡政府之談判訴求、各國相關回應，檢視第三方立場與策略行為，對中藏關係所產生的影響和轉變，從而了解國家行為者居中所扮演之角色，與中藏談判深陷僵局的原因。 / “Third-party Intervention” is generally considered a feasible and beneficial strategy for resolving negotiation deadlock. It has been used in the dilemma of China and Tibetan government-in-exile. There have been nine formal negotiations between both parties urged by the third party. However, instead of help establishing trust and respect between China and Tibet, the negotiations have led to a deterioration of bilateral relations. This study divides the period of Dalai Lama’s exile in India (1950~2010) into four stages. It summarizes international political and economic situations, foreign policy of China and Tibet government and the involvement of the third parties at different stages. It also observes the interrelations of the above three factors and investigates the background of international involvement of China-Tibet issues. These observations are used as background information to analyze and review the nine times of negotiations between China and Tibet, to probe into the demands of China and Tibetan governments and the international response, to review the third parties’ position and strategies to urge the negotiations and to understand the influence and change of China-Tibet relations. The purpose of the study is to understand the role of state actors as mediator and the reasons of the negotiation deadlock between China and Tibet.

電子商務的興起帶來了許多線上支付相關的議題與挑戰，第三方支付服務可能為其解決方式之一。企業提供第三方支付服務，須建置一套資訊系統(平台)於網際網路上供交易三方使用，並須做到實名認證及履約保證等機制。本研究主要探討台灣企業導入與發展第三方支付平台的關鍵因素，以多重個案研究法進行，整合科技-組織-環境(TOE)框架理論來發展本研究的架構模型，並以結構化訪談方式收集兩家第三方支付業務提供者的意見；而使用者的使用意願也是企業導入與發展第三方支付平台服務的重要參考依據，本研究參考科技接受模式(TAM)來探討使用階段的關鍵因素，並透過訪談問卷，收集使用者的意見。最後將結構化訪談資料及問卷訪談資料，經過彙整分析後，提出共23項命題。這23項命題可作為業界日後導入與發展第三方支付平台的參考，及可提供予金融監理機關做為未來制定專法之參考。

新型態的網路交易模式已漸漸地改變平民大眾的消費習慣，而隨之起步的支付模式更是日新月異。發展至今，有別於傳統的現金交易，或者是金融專戶轉帳等支付服務，因應電子商務交易習慣的第三方支付逐漸受到消費者的喜愛。 所謂的第三方支付服務，主要透過第三方支付業者的資金能力提供給使用者相當程度的交易擔保，並且與銀行進行合作進而承作類似儲蓄的預付儲值業務，讓使用者得以安心地進行網路交易，有效地推動電子商務的蓬勃發展。 然而，綜觀第三方支付服務在台灣的發展，可以發現相關的法律規範卻直到今年(2015年)才完成建置，在此之前，許多業務的經營多遇到法規適用的問題，導致第三方支付業者多在法規模糊地帶遊走，十分地不明確。時至今年，針對第三方支付服務所設立的專法-電子支付機構管理條例與相關的子法正式施行，相關的業者得以明確地受到法規管束，而對於使用者而言，亦可以受到明文的法律保障。本文除了探究第三方支付服務之法規發展，同時欲以國際上重要的第三方支付立法例進行國際法的比較，參酌中國美國歐盟之相關立法，分析我國相關法規與國際立法潮流之異同，並對於現今專法提出評析。 / The advanced development of E-Commerce have gradually changed the habit of people and it leads to the innovative payment system as well. Instead of traditional payment service, the third-party payment service becomes more and more popular. The operators of third-party payment guaranteed users a safe payment system with its own financial fund and run the money storage business though contracting with banks. The development of third-party payment and E-commerce is mutually progressing. However, there are still many issues about applying laws for the operators and users before establishment of third-party payment law and it also makes the third party payment operator in the grey area. Up to this year(2015), the exclusive law for third-party payment finally finished and it provides the operators and users a full set of regulations to follow. In addition to analysis the development of third-party payment, the thesis will go a step further to discuss about the comparative study on the legal system of third party payment service in China, USA, and EU. On the whole, the author makes a comprehensive discussion on third-party payment legal development in Taiwan with relevant law trends in focus countries, and puts forward the suggestions for the legal system in Taiwan in the end.

逆物流(reverse logistics)代表了將使用過的產品從消費者手上收回、並將此資源重新在市場上再利用的一連串物流活動。其配送成本往往比正向物流高，對於回送之產品，在運送、儲存、處理、管理方面亦無規律通路，較正向供應鏈增加許多的複雜性和不確定性，企業往往選擇將逆向物流之活動外包給專業物流服務商。 / 對逆向物流服務商來說，既以營利為目標，便有營運範疇內法規、利潤、運輸成本、營運成之考量。過去逆向物流方面之研究主題，多以逆向供應鏈上的廠址設置為主，本研究針對同時具有多個處理廠的逆物流服務供應商進行探討，建立適合的營運模式，考慮多時期、多個逆物流處理廠、多種型態的退回商品，建立一數量決策模式，以逆物流服務商的最大營運利潤為目標，探討逆物流之下的最適合再生物料接受訂單數量、以及個別逆物流處理中心之最適合當期處理量，考慮可能因退回商品回收量之不確定性、處理產出比率的不確定性影響處理廠之中再生物料的實際產量。對於模式當中的不確定因子，本研究建構以情境為基礎的穩健最佳化之模式求得穩健解。 / Reverse logistics reflects a serial of activities including collecting return products from consumers, recycling, reusing, and reducing the amount of materials used. Implementing reverse logistics is complicated and costs more than forward logistics to a firm. Furthermore, there is not a regular way to handle those transportation, storage, processing and management process. In order to reduce cost and focus on core business, industries choose to outsource those processes to third-party reverse logistics provider. / Previous literatures used to focus on the topic of facility location allocation or designing the infrastructure of reverse logistics distribution channels. From a reverse logistics provider perspective, this research concerned about the operational profit of the reverse logistics service provider who has multiple collection sites and refurbishing processing facilities. This research attempts to maximum the net-profit and presents a multi-period, multiple processing facilities, and multi-type return products to optimize the solution of the quantity of processing return products in each refurbishing processing facilities and the quantity of used material ordered by industries. The formulation uses a scenario-based robust optimization approach to solve those uncertainty factors such as the volume of product collection, the usage rate of return product in this model.

台灣圖書出版業者為了增加競爭優勢、降低成本，將物流業務利用外包處理的方式已經相當普遍。為實現使用第三方物流業者之物流服務所帶來之效益，選擇適當的第三方物流公司作為合作夥伴是成功的關鍵之ㄧ，因此如何評選第三方物流公司，就顯得格外重要。 有鑒於圖書出版業者以往易根據供應商的印象或交情，抑或僅憑自己主觀的認定評選物流供應商，比較缺乏系統性的評選；又考量的因素往往難以完全獨立，為解決此一問題，本研究提供一第三方物流供應商評選方法，其包括： 1. 篩選第三方物流供應商評選指標；以及 2. 利用分析網路程序法（ANP）確立評選指標之相對權重。 在參考過去相關研究，並透過專家訪談，歸納出適用於圖書出版業對於第三方物流業者之評選指標，其分為服務品質、履約能力、服務品質、價格條件、資訊管理能力、經營績效五大構面以及17個評選指標；並利用ANP將評選指標之間的相依回饋關係納入考量，找出各指標的權重，以作為企業評選第三方物流業者之評選參考。 之後，本研究以使用第三方物流之圖書出版業者為實例進行說明。研究中發現，圖書出版業者間在評選第三方物流供應商時，所重視的指標會有所不同，業者會根據過去與物流供應商實際合作情況，回饋於選擇第三方物流供應商的系統中，修正評選指標，調整權重認定，以找到適合的物流供應商。以個案公司來說，於第三方物流供應商評選時，對於訂單履行準確性及準時將貨物送達顧客是最重要的考量因素，其反映個案公司過去與第三方物流供應商合作之經驗。 最後，本研究所提供之方法亦可提供決策者充分的資訊與系統化的思考，有利企業做為最終決策的參考。 / As book publishing firms are looking to increase competitiveness, strengthen core competencies and lower overall costs, outsourcing logistics to third party logistics (3PL) service providers have become common practice. To ensure the success and to maximize the benefits of such practice, the selection of the 3PL becomes particularly crucial. This study provides a comprehensive methodology to the selection of a 3PL provider, consisting of two parts: 1. Screening criteria to employ during the selection of a provider；and 2. Determining the relative importance of each screening criterion by the analytic network process (ANP) approach. A total of seventeen criteria have been identified by experts in the book publishing industry with respect to service quality, capabilities, price, information technology management and operational performance of the 3PL providers. As interdependencies exist between each criterion and cannot be captured by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), to solve such types of problems, this study utilizes ANP to determine the relative weighting in the selection of a 3PL provider. Thereafter, the application of ANP for the selection of a 3PL provider is demonstrated through an illustrative example. The result of the example provided indicates that the criteria of shipment error rates and on-time shipment and deliveries are the most important, and this reflects the influence of the experiences from past cooperation between the case company and 3PL providers. This approach also enables the decision-makers to better understand the complex relationship between the relevant attributes during the decision-making process, which may subsequently improve the outcome of the decision.

數位時代社群媒體的應用，大大改寫媒體生態，21世紀初接連發生在北非、中東的抗議活動，Facebook、Twitter等社群媒體更發揮重要傳播作用，甚至成為政治運動的催化劑，國內外各大新聞組織也開始將這些被社交媒體平台大量分享、轉發的用戶生成內容 (UGC, User-generated content)重製後進行傳播，尤其是發生抗爭等社會運動、人為或意外現場等事件，因為時效性的關係，記者不能第一時間趕到，目擊者手機拍攝的影片或現場監視錄影器的畫面，往往成為重要新聞素材。 　　對於國內外新聞組織尤其是電視台來說，動態影片更同時具有吸引力與新聞說服力，新聞機構如何使用UGC資源，及其日漸普及的趨勢，則同時引發正反兩方意見，除了樂見其協助社會問題發聲，擴展公民參與，甚至打破新聞編輯室權威，讓媒體更加民主化之外；另方面卻也擔心降低新聞標準，尤其截稿時間，更增加電視台新聞記者判斷影片真偽的求證壓力，過度使用也可能造成媒體過度依賴社群媒體資源，瑣碎化的UGC甚至戕害新聞公共領域的發展。 　　本研究試圖剖析電視新聞使用來自目擊者或網友的第三方影音素材(TPV, third party video)的頻率與原因，研究分成兩步驟，首先選舉一家地面電視台一個月的prime time新聞，作為研究樣本，進行內容分析，以量化研究分析電視新聞如何應用TPV素材，研究樣本數共1825則；同時以質化研究中的深度訪談，訪問該電視台的文字、攝影記者，以及新聞室負責調度的大編輯台主管與編輯共九人，透過量化與質化的研究方法，來探究電視台採用TPV素材的動機、意願、標準與目的。 / The media ecology has been rewritten to a great extent by the application of social media in the digital age. In the 21st century, social media has even become a catalyst of social movements as Facebook and Twitter play an important role in disseminating the news on protests which commonly take place in North Africa and the Middle East. In fact, large news organizations at home and abroad have begun to reproduce and broadcast User-generated contents (UGC) that are greatly shared and forwarded on the social media. This applies especially to incidents such as social movements, including protests, and accidents. The video taken by an eye-witness’ mobile phone or the recording of an on-site surveillance camera has often become important news material due to timeliness of the news and the fact that reporters cannot arrive at the scene on time. According to foreign and domestic news agencies, especially TV stations, video is both appealing and persuasive as news materials. The growing popularity of UGC and the approach to make use of such resources have led the emergence of positive and negative viewpoints. It would be delightful to see the voicing-out of social problems through UGC since it could increase citizen participation. UGC could even lead to a breakthrough from pressroom authority, thus creating a more democratic media. However, UGC could also lower the news standard especially when there’s a deadline to meet. Furthermore, it could pile pressure on news reporters as they try to determine the authenticity of the video. The excessive use of UGC could lead to the media’s over-reliance on social media resources. The fragmentary nature of UGC could also be harmful to the development of news media at the public domain. The study attempted to analyze the purpose behind a TV station’s adoption of eyewitness/netizen-provided third-party video (TPV), as well as its frequency of use. The study was divided into two steps. First, research samples for content analysis were collected through a selection of one month’s worth of news reports that were broadcasted by a terrestrial station at prime time. A total of 1825 samples were studied through quantitative research and analysis with regard to the application of TPV by TV news. At the same time, in order to explore a TV station’s motivation, willingness, standard and the purpose in applying TPV, qualitative research was conducted through an in-depth interview with nine representatives from the TV station. This group included journalists, cameramen, editors and seniors who were responsible for ordering daily news in the Newsrooms.