京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第22275号 / 理博第4589号 / 新制||理||1659(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科化学専攻 / (主査)講師 木野内 忠稔, 教授 杉山 弘, 教授 秋山 芳展 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第19268号 / 医博第4032号 / 新制||医||1011(附属図書館) / 32270 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 河本 宏, 教授 生田 宏一, 教授 髙折 晃史 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(生命科学) / 甲第20640号 / 生博第382号 / 新制||生||50(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院生命科学研究科統合生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 西田 栄介, 教授 米原 伸, 教授 上村 匡 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy in Life Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

人口老化是中國當前面臨的最重要社會問題之一。它從何而來，又準備向哪裡去？ 本研究梳理了中國人口老化的歷史過程，以厘清當前老化問題的形成的根源。通過人口普查資料描述中國人口老化的程度與速度，揭示中國省際間老化的巨大差異。 配合形式人口分析，對人口老化的動力進行分解，探索出生率和死亡率是如何作用於人口年齡結構的，發現在當前的人口狀態下，出生率比死亡率對人口的老化的抑制作用更明顯，但長期來看，死亡率對老化的抑制作用將更有意義。 臺灣的人口老化較中國大陸而言起步更早，是中國大陸人口老化可能的發展方向。使用臺灣人口資料進行形式人口分析並與中國大陸進行比較，尋找兩岸人口老化之間的異同。 在數理人口分析的基礎上，檢討當前中國大陸的人口政策。結論是，現行政策過分強調出生率，而忽略了死亡率對於人口老化的抑制作用。未來處理人口老化最佳的方法是重新定義老人的概念以及充分調動被隱藏的老年勞動力。

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第21659号 / 医博第4465号 / 新制||医||1035(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 河本 宏, 教授 三森 経世, 教授 椛島 健治 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

本研究欲觀察人口老化與所得分配之關係，檢視人口老化對於所得分配之影響，而文中主要分別從「內政部統計年報」、「家庭收支調查表」、「人力統計資源年報」以及各縣市統計要覽獲得各種解釋變數，建立出台灣1998年至2005年總計8年台灣各縣市之資料，並且以各縣市之吉尼係數為被解釋變數，採用最小平方法之方式藉此觀察台灣各縣市所得分配與人口老化之關係。 根據實證結果發現，人口老化與所得分配為顯著並且呈現正相關，亦即當人口老化更加嚴重時，將會導致較大的吉尼係數，造成所得不均之惡化。 其他解釋變數為顯著者分別有：平均每人可支配所得、平均每人可支配所得平方項、婦女勞動參與率以及各區域變數，且除了平均每人可支配所得平方項為負相關外，其餘皆與吉尼係數為正相關，其中所得方面之變數顯示出台灣中存在著Kuznets曲線；婦女勞動參與率的擴張則會導致所得分配更加惡化；中部、南部以及東部地區相對於北部區域來說其所得分配之狀況皆較不平均。而其他解釋變數如社會福利變數、教育變數以及工業變數所得之結果皆不顯著，顯示上述三個變數對台灣各縣市所得分配之影響在本研究中無法確定。 / This research discusses the relationship between aging population and income distribution, and examines how the aging population affects income distribution. The independent variables were acquired from the Statistical Yearbook of the Interior, The Survey of Family Income and Expenditure, the Statistical Yearbook of Labor Force and the Statistical Yearbook from each twenty-three counties and cities in Taiwan to construct a data set from 1998 to 2005. Using the ordinary least squares method and choosing the gini coefficient as a dependent variable to observe the relationship between income distribution and aging population. According to the result of the empirical study, we discover that the effect of aging population is significant and has a positive relationship with income distribution. Income inequality is worse when the aging population increases. Other significant independent variables are disposable income per person, the square of disposable income per person, female labor participation rate and the regional dummy variables. Besides the square of disposable income per person, all variables have a positive relationship with the gini coefficient. In addition, the variable of income shows that Kuznets curve appears in Taiwan. The expansion of the female labor participation will cause the income distribution to change into inequality. Also the north region has the worst income distribution in Taiwan. The results of the social welfare variable, the education variable and the industry variable are insignificant so that in this article we can not observe how the three variables effect the income distribution in Taiwan.

臺灣食品產業市場競爭激烈，許多歷史悠久的老字號品牌為維持自身的競爭優勢，必須不斷地因應外在環境改變與消費者喜好轉變，達成品牌活化之目標。本研究的食品產業指公司將食品產品製造完成並送往各通路販售，為零售業中的食品類別。而本研究以A食品公司為研究主體，A公司原先定位為藥廠，但隨著通路結構的改變促使其推出食品級產品販售於一般零售通路，故此研究主要探討的是A公司推出食品級產品後轉型成為食品公司後的具體作法。 本研究透過深度訪談法了解A食品公司在面對品牌老化的危機之下，落實哪些品牌活化的實際作法，撰寫成個案，並以策略行銷4C架構探討其成效；進一步針對四種成本提出建議，以供A食品公司制訂未來發展策略時參考。 結果發現，A食品公司在四個成本都有多項具體措施，然在專屬陷入成本這一塊目前較沒有強調，又食品產業中若能漸進地提升顧客的專屬陷入成本，有利於品牌商維繫舊顧客關係。因此，本研究在第五章個案研究分析部分針對四種成本各自提供品牌商未來發展建議，包含因應消費者生活型態調整產品與通路策略、聘請專人經營臉書粉專、將可信度納入為代言人選擇標準之一等；其中，本研究提供A食品公司兩個具體解決方案以增加顧客的專屬陷入成本，如屬於促銷相關專屬資產的「建立分級會員制」，以及加強心理層面認同的專屬資產「舉辦主題影片募集活動」，希望提升本學術研究對於實務上之貢獻。 / Lots of new brands provide similar products to the food market, making the Taiwanese food market become more competitive. Some food companies, especially for those historic brands, need to react to those external environment changes and the changes of consumer's taste to achieve the goal of brand revitalization. The food company in this paper refers to companies that produce food products and sell them in general retail stores. Food Company A is the main research target of this paper. Because of the shift in retail channels, Food Company A started to provide food products in new retail channels as opposed to traditional pharmacies. Therefore, this paper analyzed actions after Food Company A started to provide food products in the new channels. This paper conducted in-depth interviews to discuss the practical actions taken by Food Company A and then analyzed them by using the "Strategic Marketing 4C Analysis". After a complete analysis, this paper provided several recommendations to help Food Company A develop a further plan. In chapter five, this paper provided different recommendations to different costs, including constantly changing products and channels strategies bases on changes of consumer’s taste, recruiting an expert operating the Facebook page, and considering the credibility of the brand representatives. Moreover, it found that Food Company A did not put enough emphasis on the cost of addiction; therefore, this paper provided two practical plans to enhance the cost of addiction in chapter five to contribute to Food Company A; for example, the different levels of membership and the competition of theme video.

人文與社會科學引用資料類型反映了人文社會科學研究者的資料使用行為，進而突顯其出版作品之資料類型的重要性。學術研究之發展會隨著時間的進展而發生變化，因此，本研究以2000年與2009年為主要研究範圍，以二個年代加以比較各學科引用資料類型之差異。探討各學科引用文獻之資料類型、各學科引用圖書與期刊之變化及其是否因期刊性質與年代不同而有差異。所以，本研究亦將探討各學科期刊引用文獻老化現象，並進一步以期刊性質與年代加以比較，期能幫助研究人員與專家學者對於人文社會科學領域使用資料之行為更加了解，並協助圖書館館藏發展與管理的工作。 研究結果如下：1.人文與社會科學引用參考文獻分析(1)人文學以圖書為主要引用資源，社會科學以期刊為主；(2)評述型期刊的引用文獻數量較高；(3)人文學科的研究型期刊與評述型期刊多引用圖書資源，社會科學中多引用期刊資源；(4)不同年代的人文學評述型期刊與研究型期刊主要引用資料為圖書、期刊；社會科學不同年代的研究型期刊主要引用圖書及期刊資源，評述型期刊引用較多的是圖書與電子資源。2.人文與社會科學引用文獻老化現象呈現出(1)被引用圖書的文獻老化時間較長，其中又以人文學的圖書文獻老化所需時間比較多；(2)人文學的引用圖書資源的出版年份久遠，近期與過去出版的文獻皆有引用，文獻老化程度較不顯著；(3)人文學各學科的被引用期刊半衰期可達13年至19年；另一方面，社會科學各學科被引用期刊半衰期可達7年至19年間；(4)研究型期刊之文獻老化現象中，人文學科的引用年代偏向年代較早的文獻，傾向引用6年至22年的參考文獻作研究，而社會科學者經常引用出版6至11年的文獻；(5)評述型期刊之人文學科的引用年代傾向於引用12年間的參考文獻作研究，而社會學科學者經常引用出版8至10年的文獻；(6)研究表現出研究型和評述型期刊的類型並不完全影響該學科的文獻老化程度。 本研究結果可應用於規畫重要的期刊文獻類型，有助於圖書館或相關研究單位評估人文與社會科學的相關館藏是否足以支援研究，並且藉由與其他領域的老化速度之比較，作為為採購資料之時效性以及期刊裝訂時的必要考量。同時可將研究分析應用於人文社會科學學者的學術資訊需求與特性，藉以提供研究人員完善的資訊服務，由文獻老化速度可以知道學科的發展情形，可作為人文與社會科學學者館藏研究規劃之參考。 / The Humanities and Social Sciences reference categories reflect the use of information of the researchers and highlight the importance of the publication categories. The development of academic research changes over time. Therefore, taking 2000 and 2009 as the major research areas, the study compares the difference between each discipline referring categories. The study also researches the references patterns of different disciplines, the change of referring monographs and journals in different disciplines, and whether they change the pattern due to the transformation and aging of these reference books and journals. Consequently, this study will also probe into the Literature Obsolescence in various references categories of different disciplines, and furthermore to compare the nature and years of journals, hoping to help researchers and experts in humanities and social sciences to understand the information research behavior better and to assist the Library collection development and management. The results are as follows: 1.The analysis of Citation and Reference in Humanities and Social Sciences (1)the humanities mostly refer to monograph, and the social sciences mostly journal; (2)Review journal is in a higher number of citations; (3) research and review journals of Humanities cites more monograph resources, and social science journals resources; (4)Reference materials of review and research Journals of Humanities in different generations are mainly monographs and periodicals; research journals if social sciences in different years more cites in monographs and periodicals, while review periodicals prefer to reference more monograph and electronic resources. 2. Humanities and Social Sciences Citation Literature Obsolescence reveals that (1)the cited monographs take longer for obsolescence, among which monographs in Humanities take more time; (2) the cited monographs in humanities has published from long time ago. Cited recent and past literature, citation literature of aging are less significant. (3) The half-life of the cited journal of each discipline in the humanities is up to 13-19 years. On the other hand, the half-life of Journal reference in social sciences disciplines are up to 7-19 years; (4) About the Literature Obsolescence of research journals, the humanities tend to the refer literatures in earlier years, from past 6 to 22 years, while the Social Sciences often cited published literature published from 6 to 11 years ago; (5) Review journals in the humanities tend to quote the reference materials of past 12 years for research, and social science scholars frequently cited literatures published from 8 to 10 years ago; (6) The study demonstrated the research and the review types of periodicals are not completely affect the academic literature aging. The results can be applied to planning an important type of journal, contributing to the libraries or related research units to assess if the humanities and social sciences collection sufficient to support. Furthermore, by the comparison of other areas in speed of aging, this study also can be a necessary measurement for the timeliness of procurement and for the periodicals binding. Meanwhile, the analysis can be applied to the behavior and characteristics of academic information requirement of humanities and social sciences scholars, in order to provide researchers a complete information services. From the speed of Literature Obsolescence, scholars can acknowledge the development of a subject. It can be used as the reference in humanities and social sciences collection planning.

This study attempts to investigate the issues of aging population in the context of Singapore through metaphorical approach and the potential of tapping on the collaborative characteristics of a health service cloud computing system to meet the needs in elderly care, hence allowing active aging. The use of electronic health records (EHR) in various countries, particularly the meaningful use of EHR in USA is examined to understand its current features and usage. By employing conceptual mapping and blending of metaphorical study, the concepts in cloud computing are probed to gain better understanding on the characteristics of the technology. Similarly, with concepts drawn from an eco-system blended with concepts in a health service system, the characteristics of EHR and finally the characteristics of a health service cloud computing system are illustrated. With understanding in aging population, present usage of EHR and potential of cloud computing in Singapore, multi-methods research consisting of intensive interviews and archival document collations are employed. Triangulation amongst the datasets collated using open coding via ATLAS.ti resulted in 6 issues of concern in aging population pertaining to the Singapore context to arise, namely (i) primary care, (ii) familial support, (iii) awareness in health maintenance and transparency in information, (iv) improved efficiency and accuracy in healthcare with seamless transfer of care and (v) intermediate care and (vi) collaboration between stakeholders. Further analysis of the results draws up the possibilities for enhancing meaningful use of health service cloud computing system for active aging, which criteria are: (i) empowerment and ownership, (ii) sustainable homecare and (iii) seamless transfer of care. Finally, a conceptual mapping of health service cloud computing system and the criteria for effective aging give rise to a model framework that is set for active aging. / This study attempts to investigate the issues of aging population in the context of Singapore through metaphorical approach and the potential of tapping on the collaborative characteristics of a health service cloud computing system to meet the needs in elderly care, hence allowing active aging. The use of electronic health records (EHR) in various countries, particularly the meaningful use of EHR in USA is examined to understand its current features and usage. By employing conceptual mapping and blending of metaphorical study, the concepts in cloud computing are probed to gain better understanding on the characteristics of the technology. Similarly, with concepts drawn from an eco-system blended with concepts in a health service system, the characteristics of EHR and finally the characteristics of a health service cloud computing system are illustrated. With understanding in aging population, present usage of EHR and potential of cloud computing in Singapore, multi-methods research consisting of intensive interviews and archival document collations are employed. Triangulation amongst the datasets collated using open coding via ATLAS.ti resulted in 6 issues of concern in aging population pertaining to the Singapore context to arise, namely (i) primary care, (ii) familial support, (iii) awareness in health maintenance and transparency in information, (iv) improved efficiency and accuracy in healthcare with seamless transfer of care and (v) intermediate care and (vi) collaboration between stakeholders. Further analysis of the results draws up the possibilities for enhancing meaningful use of health service cloud computing system for active aging, which criteria are: (i) empowerment and ownership, (ii) sustainable homecare and (iii) seamless transfer of care. Finally, a conceptual mapping of health service cloud computing system and the criteria for effective aging give rise to a model framework that is set for active aging.

Aging becomes one of the urgent topics in Taiwan, therefore new product and services must be established in respond to this issue. In recent years, online social network have been one of the most accelerative business model spreading across internet. Facebook has been one of the most influential role model among all. An opportunity gap is identified within these two phenomenon. The present paper is to initiate an innovative business model on worldwide geographic social network – based on the target market of senior travelling demand. This innovative business model will be satisfying the discovered gap. The establishment of this innovation business model is based on the process of Innovation SCREW: (1) Search; (2) Combination; (3) Re-search, Re-Combination; (4) Experiment, Evaluation; (5) Work, Weigh. Through this framework, it brings to the possible establishment of this platform. In addition, by using of secondary datasets that lead to comprehend further to consumer behavior and market demand. As the result, based on this innovative platform, it is hoping to create a new online worldwide geographic social network that can improve services on senior’s travelling demand.