常春藤創意學院 / Ivy Creativity Institute (ICI) is designed for children from 2 to 6 years-old before they attend elementary school. ICI provides many classes for parents and children to take during the week and weekend depending on their schedule and need. We offer indoor activities and outdoor activities such that parents and children can pick the subjects is more interesting to them to spend their wonderful days together. Our classes are creative for parents and children that they won’t see in the traditional pre-school or private learning center. Each class has its own credits so parents can just purchase credit money and register for classes they want to join. ICI also provides children education consulting service so we can observe based on children’s interests and designs a series of classes for them to attend and enjoy all the activities. Ivy Creativity Institute helps you and your children to win at the beginning not only in scholarship, but also in relationship and have a great time in parenting.

專家系統為人工智慧發展的一支，至今已廣泛地應用於各個領域，從自然科學到社會 科學不一而足，但在土地登記的領域則尚未發展。法律條文之訂定為人類經驗與智慧 的累積，法官之裁判亦以邏輯推理為基礎，與專家系統的特性不謀而合，因此法律領 域被認為是非常適合發展專家系統的範疇。由於土地登記的相關法令繁瑣，行政命令 更是不計其數，地政人員流動性大，知識的傳遞及累積相當不易，若建立土地登記諮 詢專家系統將可解決這個問題，並且可提供一般民眾查詢填表，輕易地獲取專家的知 識，改善土地行政效率，提高地政機關服務效能，即方便又有效力。 在系統初期發展階段，擬先選取抵押權登記來發展其系統雛型，研究重點在於系統知 識庫的建立。經由問題的確認、知識的萃取表達、控制策略的探討，最後運用專家系 統骨架EXSYS PROFESSIONAL將知識以規則(IF-THEN) 的形式加以組織表達，並以向後 鍵結的方式控制知識庫的推論方向，建構抵押權登記諮詢專家系統之雛型。並兼探討 專家系統在土地登記領域應用之可行性，期能拓展地政電腦化之研究領域，提供後續 研究者參考。 玆將本研究之內容摘要如下： 1 專家系統在土地登記領域應用可行性之探討。 2 抵押權登記之知識表達方法。 3 抵押權登記諮詢專家系統之推理方法與控制策略。 4 抵押權登記諮詢專家系統雛型之建立。 5 未來發展方向之探討。

高中圖書館的宗旨在配合學校教育目標，並支援、豐富與實現學校的教育計畫，為學校整體教學中所不可或缺的一部份。許多國外研究亦已證明學校圖書館與教師之合作對於學生學術成就具有正向影響力。本研究透過訪談法瞭解臺北市高中圖書館支援教學之內涵，釐清圖書館負責人對於支援教學之看法，並分析支援教學所面臨之瓶頸與成功因素，探討高中圖書館如何突破困難，提出有效支援教學之策略。 / 綜合而言，臺北市高中圖書館支援教學之內涵包括：1. 積極發展館藏資源，以滿足教師之教學需求；2.善用資訊傳播科技以支援教學；3. 為師生提供圖書館利用教育，增進其資訊素養；4.由資訊融入教育著手，為教師提供教學諮詢服務。 / 若將支援教學相關服務依教師與館員合作關係歸納為「協調」、「合作」與「協同」三個層次，臺北市高中圖書館目前多已達協調、合作層次，僅少數圖書館達協同層次。和國外圖書館相較，臺北市高中圖書館離理想的協同性支援教學（如教學諮詢、協同教學、參與課程規畫）仍有一段距離。 / 臺北市高中圖書館支援教學之困難包括：1. 升學主義依然掛帥，成為圖書館推動資訊素養教育與資訊融入教育時之障礙；2. 館員缺乏學科教學專業知能，使教學諮詢服務不易獲得教師信任；3. 現階段圖書館人力不足，資訊相關業務之負荷過重。 / 而臺北市高中圖書館支援教學服務之成功因素則在於：1. 掌握資訊科技與資訊教育政策所提供之新契機；2. 館員具備圖書館學與資訊科技專業知能；3. 校長在經費、設備與人力資源上之支持；4. 教師之高度使用需求及參與意願；5. 館員之服務熱忱更為深化支援教學服務之要素。 / 綜合文獻探討與訪談結果，高中圖書館有效支援教學之策略包括： 1. 整合圖書館之服務及學科教學活動，以提升學生學習效能；2. 以資訊融入教育為己任，進而提供教學諮詢服務；3. 建置教學知識庫，整合教學資源；4. 充份整合人力資源，提供較深入之支援教學服務；5. 爭取教師之認同，共同創造新時代之教學願景；6. 培育種子教師，透過成功經驗之激勵，逐步推動高中圖書館之轉型；7. 積極爭取校外經費與設備之補助，以豐富師生教與學之經驗；8. 加強高中圖書館從業人員之專業知能，成為深度支援教學之支柱。 / 最後，本研究為深入支援教學提出幾點建議，供相關單位參考：1. 高中圖書館應協助教師進行個人知識管理；2. 高中圖書館員應深入了解社會發展、教育趨勢與學習需求；3. 高中圖書館從業人員應保持開放心態，隨時充實專業知能；4. 高中圖書館應持續推展與評鑑支援教學相關服務；5. 教育相關單位應將資訊素養概念納入學科教學中之中。 / The school library is the center for collecting, organizing and using information resources, and is therefore an indispensable part of school teaching activities. Teachers could better choose teaching materials, develop curriculum, and evaluate programs with school librarians’ support. Library literatures show that teacher and media specialist collaboration can effectively enhance student learning. This study use in-depth interviews to investigate the the situation of teaching support in Taipei senior high schools, to analyze the difficulties encountered, to identify the successful factors, and to provide strategies of teaching support. / Findings show that (1) teaching support services provided in most cases come under the “coordination” and “cooperation” stage, according to the Pollard and Montiel-Overall taxonomy framework, and very few senior high school libraries provide “collaboration” stage services. (2) Most directors keep conservative attitude toward “collaboration” stage services. (3) The difficulties encountered in teaching support include: tight course schedule, lack of education professional librarians, and tedious work. (4) Successful teaching support factors include: policy, professions in library and information science, unique personality, administration support, and teachers’ willingness. (5) Effectively teaching support strategies include integrating library programs into curriculum, helping teachers to integrate ICT into their lessons, assisting in teachers’ personal knowledge management, making better use of human resources, building visions with teachers, creating success stories, striving for budget actively, enhancing librarians’ professional ability. / Finally, the suggestions were made: (1) Senior high school libraries should assist in teachers’ personal knowledge management. (2) Senior high school librarians should keep learning. (3) Librarians should know the education trends and learning needs. (4) Services should be delivered, evaluated, and improved persistently. (5) Educational authorities should put emphasis on information literacy in subject instructions.

現代社會必須解決的公共問題性質相當複雜，不僅問題難以釐清、問題的範疇難以界定，解決問題的方案難以取捨、政策利害關係人的態度及意見亦不容易整合。基於上述種種原因，政策制訂者在政策制訂過程中除了需要幕僚人員與政府相關部門提供政策資訊外，政府部門外圍的智庫亦是重要的諮詢對象。 本論文首先介紹智庫的意涵、發展歷史與相關組織，界定智庫的定義與範圍。其次，分析美國智庫在政策制訂過程的活動，透過具體個案瞭解美國智庫在政策制訂過程中扮演的角色與發揮的影響力。再其次，探討國內智庫的發展，以「台灣智庫」、「國策研究院」、「國策研究基金會」為個案研究對象，透過訪談智庫執行長，瞭解國內智庫在政策制訂過程中扮演的角色與發揮的影響力。除此之外，國會是國家政策制訂的重心，透過訪談立法委員瞭解其與國內智庫的互動及其對國內智庫扮演角色的看法與發揮影響力之評估。 最後，綜合研究美國智庫的心得、國內智庫執行長與立法委員的看法，為國內智庫未來發展提出建議。 關鍵字：智庫(Think Tanks)、人才庫、旋轉門、影響網絡、議程設定、政策辯論、政策諮詢、策略聯盟。

No description available.

長久以來，電子化政府與公民信任之間的因果關係，一直為學者所爭論。眾多研究顯示電子化政府有助於促進公民信任感；然而，目前公民對現有電子化政府服務、電子參與滿意度偏低，且台灣社會資本逐步流失，不免令人質疑電子化政府建立公民信任感的有效性。然而，近年電子治理的提出，眾人期待實現審慎思辨的民主，顯現運用資訊通信科技讓更多公民參與決策過程的重要性。因而引起作者在電子治理對公民信任影響上研究的興趣。 本文認為電子化政府可以促進公民對政府的信任，但前提是這項機制必須值得信賴，否則將出現反效果。故作者從電子治理中的電子參與著手，探討其對公民信任的影響。主要研究方法為文獻回顧及深度訪談，其中訪談對象為十四位具我國電子參與經驗者，運用質性研究分析訪談資料，輔以文獻檢閱釐清電子參與與公民信任之間的影響路徑與因素包括三種類型：1.使用電子參與後，其正面影響因素提升公民對政府的信任感；2.使用電子參與後，其負面影響因素降低公民的內在政治效能感，進而削弱對政府的信任感；3.公民對政府的低度信任，降低使用電子參與的意願與行為。 訪談分析顯示公民對政府的信任和政府電子參與機制的信任感不足，且兩者相互影響。受訪者對政府的信任感比對政府網站和電子參與機制的信任感低，而電子參與經驗豐富者，較不信任電子參與機制；電子參與經驗淺者，較信任電子參與機制。若以電子參與的三種類型觀之，公民對電子資訊提供較為滿意、電子諮詢次之，雖然我國尚未設置電子決策制定，但是多數受訪者對此機制運作表示質疑。 我國電子參與仍在持續推動中，政府應該正視公民信任的重要性，以及電子參與與公民信任之間的負面影響因素，著重在：資訊的深度與多元性、資訊透明度、資訊品質、搜尋系統的設計完善、回應性、使用者的代表性、論壇引導話題、資訊安全與互動性的維護，並消弭數位落差、避免資訊超載等情況，以營造公民進行電子參與的環境與設備，使其有足夠誘因使用，期許我國電子參與推行順利。 / The casual relationship between e-government and citizen trust(in government) has been argued by scholars. Research has shown that e-government may improve citizen trust, but citizens are not satisfied with e-services and e-participation nowadays. When social capital in Taiwan is flowing away, people tend to suspect the effectiveness of e-government in establishing citizen trust. However, citizens still expect deliberative democracy while e-governance comes to reality recently. It means that the importance of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) can enrich the process of decision-making for citizen participation. That’s the reason why the author attempts to explore the effect of e-participation on citizen trust. The evidence support that e-government can improve citizen trust in government. The premise, nevertheless, is its mechanism has gained fundamental trust; otherwise, negative effects will come out. The main research methods include literature review and in-depth interview. There are 14 interviewees with experience of e-participation in Taiwan. In addition, the author used qualitative method to analyze interview data. Besides, using literature to induce three types of effects paths and causes between e-participation and citizen trust. Firstly, after using e-participation, its positive factors improve citizen trust in government. Secondly, after using e-participation, its negative factors lower internal efficacy of citizen and then weaken their trust in government. Thirdly, the low trust in government will weaken willingness and behavior of e-participation. Interview results indicate the lack of citizen trust in government and e-participation, and both also connect each other. Interviewees’ trust in government is lower than their trust in government web sites and e-participation. Citizens with rich experience of e-participation show lower trust in e-participation. On the other hand, those with poor experience of e-participation have more trust in e-participation. If we observe three types of e-participation, citizens are more satisfied with e-information than e-consultation. Although e-decision-making has not been realized in Taiwan, many interviewees suspect this mechanism. The governments in Taiwan keep pushing e-participation. They should know the importance of citizen trust and the negative factors between e-participation and citizen trust revealed in the study. Particularly, governments should focus on depth and diverse information, transparency, quality of information, friendly use of search engine, responsiveness, and representative. They should also properly manage topics of e-forum, information safety, interactivity; eliminate digital divide and avoid information overload. Government should strive for good environment and facilitate citizen usage of e-participation. Our e-participation will succeed while government has good inducement to encourage citizen.

No description available.

本研究目的在探討家長諮詢訓練方案對提昇輔導志工自我效能，以及改善家長教養行為的實驗成效。實驗處理為家長諮詢訓練方案，其內容以諮詢服務的觀點，結合父母效能系統訓練和焦點解決短期治療的理念與技術。研究對象以台北縣家庭教育中心的輔導志工48人（實驗組和控制組各24人），以及接受輔導志工諮詢的家長31人（實驗組18人，控制組13人），研究工具為輔導志工自我效能量表以及父母教養行為量表。資料處理採二因子混合設計變異數分析。研究結果發現，接受訓練方案之實驗組輔導志工較控制組輔導志工在自我效能有顯著的提昇；接受訓練方案之輔導志工較控制組輔導志工，其親職諮詢對父母的教養行為改善有顯著效果。本研究的結論顯示家長諮詢訓練方案確實能提昇輔導志工自我效能及有效改善家長教養行為，並據此對家庭教育中心的親職諮詢、親職教育、諮商實務和未來研究提出具體建議。 / This study aimed at examining the effectiveness of parental consultation training program applied to volunteer counselors and the indirect effect of the training program on parental nurture behaviors. Forty eight participants of volunteer counselors in Taipei Family Education Center were randomly divided into experimental and control groups.Thirty one parents received consultation service participated in this study.The measures were volunteer counselors self-efficacy scale and parental nurture behaviors scale. Analysis of the statistical data utilized two-way mixed ANOVA. Results indicated that the self-efficacy of the volunteer counselors in experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group after the training program and follow-up.The parents of experimental group in parental nurture behaviors was higher than those control group. This study demonstrates that the parental consultation training program is effective in enchancing self-efficacy of volunteer counselors and in improving the parental nurture behaviors. Suggestions regarding parental consultation, parental education, and counseling practice for family education center are proposed in the future research.

摘 要 資訊時代下，要求國家對於人民提供資訊，係為行政程序要求公開透明化之國家重要任務。近年來，我國法制發展，主要著重在要求政府對不特定多數人公開資訊之相關法制建構。相較於此，課予行政機關於行政程序對特定人民提供資訊，無論是行政機關為單方面的資訊提供，或進一步以對話的方式提供意見的諮詢，為我國法制規範上未予關注之處。現代社會變遷下，行政任務內容朝向複雜及專業化發展，國家扮演的角色亦隨之重新定位，除了在消極方面，要求國家不得過度干預人民權利的行使外；在積極的面向上，國家負有提供人民生存照顧服務的義務。具體落實在一般行政程序當中，由於行政任務的變遷以及法規的繁雜，常使人民難於釐清之間的權益關係，除此之外，在社會行政程序中，程序相對人大多具有在資訊取得較為弱勢之特徵，為了有效落實並達成個別社會給付之目的，需透過行政機關在社會給付行政程序中，提供人民相關協助。 要求國家於行政程序中提供人民相關資訊，涉及正當行政程序在憲法上的定位。釋憲實務對於正當法律程序之發展，及對該概念所為的闡釋，說明程序在憲法上亦受到檢視。除了透過憲法明文規定之權利推導出程序的要求外，特別是在行政領域中，行政程序基本權的肯認，所能發揮人民權利保障的功能，係為近年來實務及學理上，就該權利主張之具體依據及內涵，於法制發展上關注的重心。而要求國家對個別人民提供資訊，足以作為行政程序基本權的具體內涵之一。 在法律的層次方面，基於公益的考量，課予行政機關於行政程序中踐履相關的義務，必須進一步探求系爭法規之規範意旨，透過保護規範理論的操作，探究人民是否具備主觀公權利。我國行政程序法中，並未就行政機關對人民之諮詢及提供資訊義務作一般性規定，然而，在個別社會相關專業法規當中，則存在許多課予行政機關負有諮詢及提供資訊之具體規範。對此，德國法上考量在一般行政程序中，相較於在社會行政程序中的不同需求，將行政機關之諮詢及提供資訊的內容作不同規範，甚至及於行政程序尚未開啟前之程序階段作討論。在我國未就社會給付行政程序另行規範一部專業法規的前提下，在社會給付行政程序中，說明行政機關對個別人民負擔諮詢及提供資訊義務之正當性，分別從行政程序法之一般性規定，及個別社會專業法規之規範作探討。 行政機關違反行政程序行為的法律效果，除了影響系爭行政決定作成的效力外，在國家責任制度方面，透過地位回復請求權之制度建構，俾使人民得請求回復到，如同行政機關已為正確資訊提供之程序地位，進而得為權利之行使及選擇。地位回復請求權對於人民權利保障所能發揮的功能，殊值作為未來我國相關法制度發展的思考面向。 關鍵詞：正當法律程序、正當行政程序、程序基本權、協助義務、良好行政、 諮詢、提供資訊、社會法地位回復請求權、社會行政程序、信賴保護。 / Abstract Under the information age, requiring the State to provide information to the people, is the important tasks for the procedural requirements of transparency. In recent years, the development of Taiwan’s legal system, mainly focused on asking the Government for disclosure of information to public. Compared to this, whether to ask administrative agency to provide information, further to provide advice on ways of dialogue to the specific people were not of the legal norms of the attention. Changes in modern society, the administration task definition faces complex and the specialized development. The role of the State is to reposition, except the negative side, requires that the State shall not interfere unduly with the exercise of the right of the people, on the positive side, the State have obligations to provide the life of care. Realization in general administrative procedure, due to the changes of the administrative tasks, as well as the complexity of regulations, often makes people difficult to clarify the relationship between rights and obligations. In the social administrative procedure, most people are more disadvantaged on the information obtained. In order to effectively implement and achieve social benefits purposes, asked the administrative agency to provide people to assist in the social welfare procedure. Require the State in administrative procedures to provide relevant information to the people, is related to administrative procedures in the positioning of the Constitution. Due process of law in the interpretation of the Judicial Yuan, to illustrate the procedure has also been reviewed in the Constitution. Except through the right of the Constitution provides to derive the requirements specification process, there is necessary to develop the procedural constitutional rights. Especially in administrative area, administrative practice and doctrinal in recent years, are committed to advocating the basis and content of the rights. Require the State to provide information to specific people, enough to serve as one of the content of the procedural constitutional rights. At the level of the legal aspects, based on public interest considerations, obligations of administrative agency in administrative procedures, must further explore whether people have the right of the legal norm. The Administrative Procedure Act of Taiwan, does not provide for the obligation of the administrative agency to consult and provide information to specific people. However, among the social regulations, provides that the administrative agency must provide consultation and information. In this regard, Germany considered the law of general administrative procedure, compared to the different needs in the field of social administrative procedure, provides consulting and providing information in different content, even before the stage has not yet been opened. In the case of social welfare are not standardized administrative procedures and regulations. The legitimacy of the administrative agency in social welfare procedures to provide advice and information to the people of the obligations, can be discussed separately from the general provisions of the Administrative Procedure Act, and the requirements of social administrative regulations. If the administrative agency violated administrative procedures, in addition to affecting the validity of administrative decisions made. In the regime of State responsibility, through on the right to recover the procedure status, so that people will ask to return to, as administrative agency to provide correct information, for the exercise of the rights and choices, as the future development of Taiwan's legal system. Key Words：due process of law, due process of administration, the procedural constitutional rights, obligation to assist, Good Administration, consultation, information, the right to recover the procedure status, social administrative procedure, bona fide.