為了加入世界貿易組織，台灣早已自80年代逐步進行金融自由化的工作：早在1983年政府就擴大存放款利差，1984年允許銀行根據其個別情況制定基本放款利率並放寬本國銀行設立分行的家數與條件。然而金融自由化最重大的里程碑則是在1989年7月財政部修訂銀行法，開放新銀行設立並解除利率管制，自此之後台灣才真正成為金融自由化的國家。 本研究針對1986年到2002年的本國銀行，採用資料包絡分析法計算效率值，旨在探討台灣銀行業在開放新銀行設立前後的效率與生產力變動情形。不同於其他研究僅以年度為基礎來計算相對效率值，本研究使用「大邊界」的觀念建構出單一效率邊界，更能顯示出在一致的比較基礎上效率變動的趨勢。本研究的主要結果如下： 1.銀行業全體與開放前既存之舊銀行，在開放前的效率值均顯著大於開放後。至於開放後新舊銀行效率的比較，新銀行的整體技術效率與規模效率較高，舊銀行則在純技術效率上領先新銀行，但檢定結果僅有規模效率一項為顯著。 2.金控子銀行的效率值較非金控子銀行為高，顯示金控公司會挑選表現好的銀行作為合作夥伴。 3.在生產力分析部分，舊銀行開放後的總生產力仍小於開放前，儘管舊銀行在開放後的各項經營效率變動較開放前高，但因技術的大幅衰退以致整體生產力仍呈現衰退現象。顯示舊銀行雖然在效率上有所改善，但對於營運上的創新仍太過保守。 4.在Tobit迴歸分析的部分，股東權益報酬率、資產規模、流動準備率和效率值的關係為正向；分行家數、可控制費用、催收款比率和效率值的關係則為負向。 關鍵詞：銀行業、效率分析、資料包絡分析法、解除管制 / In order to join World Trade Organization, Taiwan has been gradually liberating its banking industry since 1980s. In 1983 Taiwan augmented the interest difference between loans and savings in banking industry. In 1984 Taiwan allowed a bank to set its own basic interest rate of loans base on business difference and reduced the restriction of setting up the new branches. The biggest leap was in 1989, Taiwan passed the new banking law which deregulated the banking industry. The new law opened the market for the new entrants and abandoned the interest regulation. The purpose of this research is to examine the efficiency and productivity changes before and after deregulation of Taiwan’s banking industry. This research applies Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach to measure efficiency scores. The data include most of the domestic banks in Taiwan from 1986 to 2002. Unlike other research use yearly basis to measure relative efficiency difference, this research constructs a single efficiency frontier, grand frontier, to measure the trends of efficiency changes. The major findings of this research as follows. 1. The statistical results of the full sample exhibit that the efficiency measures before deregulation are statistically significant greater than that of after deregulation. Although the new entrants exhibit higher efficiency scores in total technical efficiency and scale efficiency than incumbents after deregulation, however, only scale efficiency indicates statistically significant level. Incumbents exhibit a higher pure technical efficiency than the new entrants after deregulation. 2. Banks that joined the financial holding company exhibit higher efficient scores than those of do not join the financial holding company. 3. The total factor productivity denotes a regress after deregulation. The major factor of productivity regress is due to technology decrease. However, the efficiency change of incumbent banks exhibits a significant increase after deregulation. The finding suggests that although the incumbent banks have significant improvements in efficiency, they are still too conservative in innovations. 4. The Tobit regression suggests that return on equity (ROE), total assets, and current-reserve ratio have a positive effect on efficiency measures; however, the number of branches, controllable expenses, and bad debt ratio have a negative effect on efficiency measures. Keywords: Bank industry, Efficiency analysis, Data envelopment analysis, Deregulation

本研究試圖探討中東歐國家由中央集權計劃經濟轉型為市場經濟之後，對其效率及生產力之影響。本研究針對1980至2000年的歐洲國家，採用資料包絡分析法(DEA)與大邊界法(Grand Frontier)畫出所有樣本的單一效率邊界並計算其整體技術效率、純技術效率、規模效率值。 新興主權國家的整體技術效率、純技術效率、規模效率值在經濟轉型後均降低，顯示經濟轉型後的新興主權國家的確有經濟效率低落的狀況，尤其在經濟轉型初期市場不健全、經濟體質不良使資源配置不佳。傳統工業國家的整體技術效率及純技術效率在經濟轉型後較高，規模效率經濟轉型後降低。傳統工業國家於經濟轉型後整體技術效率、純技術效率及規模效率顯著的高於轉型國家、新興主權國家。 Malmquist生產力指數分析，結果顯示傳統工業國家在經濟轉型後顯示生產力有進步，而生產力成長主要貢獻是技術進步(innovation)，但傳統工業國家技術效率變動則呈現退步現象，進一步分析原因主要是由於規模效率變動退步所致。另外選擇1993年及2000年進行比較，結果發現傳統工業國家與新興國家的生產力均退步，主要原因是技術效率變動退步，但技術有進步。

對學者而言，其研究主題的本體論資訊，包括有影響力的論文、有影響力的會議、有影響力的期刊和有影響力的研究者等資料，是學術研究的重要資訊。利用研究主題的本體論資訊，就能對該領域有大致的瞭解。因此本研究的目的，就是針對特定研究主題，自動的從WWW中，探勘出此主題的本體論資訊，包含此主題中有影響力的論文、作者、會議和期刊。 我們先從WWW上透過CiteSeer取得與主題相關的學術論文，再透過引用關係去擴充論文集合。由這些論文中利用資訊萃取的技術，找出論文出處和作者。接著分別根據引用關係分析論文、會議、期刊和作者的影響力指標，我們也考慮論文、會議、期刊和作者之間的mutual reinforcing relation，修改Webpage Ranking Algorithms，來幫助計算由論文引用關係所得的影響力指標。 我們實做出系統，提供使用者查詢特定研究主題的本體論資訊，並且找出相關學者、期刊、論文的網站。我們請具有該研究主題專長的學者，評估系統的效果，得出將近60%的準確率。 / Ontological information of research topic, that includes influential papers, conferences, journals, and authors, is the important information of academic research for researchers. Ontological information gives an overview of specific research topic for researchers. Our research is to discover the ontological information of specific research topic from WWW. Firstly, we collect papers that related to specific research topic. These papers are collected by querying CiteSeer. The dataset of papers is extended by citation information further. Then, the metadata of these papers is extracted by Information Extraction technique. After analyzing the influence of papers, conferences, journals, and authors individually based on citation analysis, the influence between them will be considered mutually. We modify the Webpage Ranking Algorithms to be adapted in our research for mutual reinforcing relation analysis. We implemented a system that offers users the ontological information of specific research topic after querying from this system. And discover the website of related authors, conferences, and journals. The results evaluated by experts in specific topic are near sixty percent correct.

資料包絡分析法乃是利用數學規劃模式求取決策單位之相對效率，故本研究針對本文針對競爭激烈之金控環境下,14至15家金控子銀行進行推估其經營效率。 銀行經營效率評估，主要以財務比率法、資料包絡法及隨機生產（或成本）邊界法。財務比率法大多利用單一投入與產出之比值，不符合生產函數之理論架構；DEA已經針對投入與產出之關係，作一嚴謹的分析，而能推估數個投入與產出之效率指標，此一效率指標，較能評估各廠商之經營績效。本文運用Farrell對於多項投入及多項產出效率衡量的概念，去推估各金控子銀行從1999年至2004年的經營效率，並建議這些銀行如何去配置最佳技術效率組合。 本研究的結論得出公營金控公司子銀行的績效不如民營金控子銀行來的佳。且金控公司子銀行未來應加強創新，增進風險管理的能力，促使銀行、證券及保險平台的結合，以便提高競爭力。 / Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a mathematical programming approach to accessing relative efficiencies within a group of Decision Making Units (DMUS). therefore this research controls the environment in view of this article in view of the competition intense gold next the bank to carry on,14 to 15 Financial company bankings pushes estimates its management efficiency. 　　The bank management efficiency appraised, mainly by Financial Ratio Approachs, Data Envelopment Approachs and The Stochastic production (or cost) Frontier Approachs. The financial ratio Approachs mostly uses the sole investment with to deliver the ratio, does not conform to theory of overhead construction the production function; DEA already aimed at the investment with to deliver the relations, made a rigorous analysis, but could push estimates several investments with to deliver the efficiency target. This efficiency target, comparatively can appraise management achievements various merchants. This article utilizes Farrell delivers the efficiency weight regarding many investments and many items the concept, pushes estimates various Jin K'ungtzu the bank from 1999 to 2004 management efficiency, and suggested how these banks do dispose the best technical efficiency combination. 　　This research conclusion obtains the public-operated gold to control the company sub- bank the achievements to be inferior to privately operated Financial company bankings comes good. Also the gold will control the company sub- bank future to be supposed to strengthen the innovation, will promote the risk management the ability, will urge the bank, the negotiable securities and insures the platform the union, in order to enhancement competitive ability.

本論文係以設立在校園中，尤其是大學院校中以典藏原住民文物為主的博物館或陳列室為主要研究對象；換言之，經過此一原則的篩選，其對象就以國立台灣大學人類學系標本陳列室和國立政治大學民族學戲民族博物館為主。在範疇上，以深入探討兩所學校在台灣原住民族文物典藏屬性及其價值為軸線，進而專注在政治大學民族學系民族博物館典藏數位化之動機、規格、及系統建構，最後再探討數位化的社會意義。 本論文除了緒論以及結論外，一共有五個章節。分別是第一章博物館的發展概況，主要探討博物館及其相關的發展概況。而在第二節中先從政大民族博物館設立之初，亦即邊政學系建立文物陳列室時之民族學理念與其目的做系統的陳述；並針對民族博物館管理運作的理念，探討數位化典藏的動機與目標。第二章博物館的教育功能與知識管理，本章首先要說明博物館收藏文物的範疇與性質，探討民族博物館典藏文物特殊性以及其民族學價值。又因本論文主要是探討大學博物館，故內容上將與其他大學博物館所典藏之文物與原住民文物的典藏做一比較。並探討博物館的民族教育理念、民族教育意義、相關實務以及博物館的哪些資源可提供學校教育運用。最後再探討民族博物館在典藏數位化的知識管理運用。第三章台灣原住民族文物的詮釋問題是針對博物館中的原住民文物的意義內涵加以探討。從博物館傳統展示原住民文物的關注取向，到原住民文物的展示與詮釋問題。最後再進一步從民族學角度來思考、探討詮釋權的問題，亦即關於民族博物館在文物詮釋上所面臨的問題。第四章數位化標準作業程序之運用與問題分析，本章主要在探討大學博物館透過數位化標準作業程序規範所規劃出的文物數位化作業流程的差異分析。再從文物數位化典藏中所建立的後設資料需求，探討所規劃出適用於政大民族博物館文物之後設資料的民族學原則；並探討後設資料內容建入的民族誌素材與民族學考量。第五章博物館數位典藏系統及其社會意義，分析民族博物館在民族學的運用成果分析。最後探討民族博物館在文化多元呈現的基礎下，對於知識分享的社會教育的使命實踐，以及數位內容文化應用的社會意義。

隨著金融控股公司法的實施，國內的金融機構紛紛朝金融控股公司的型態發展。然而，金控銀行的經營效率是否如預期般的有明顯的改善? 隸屬於金控集團的銀行其生產力是否優於無金控背景銀行?其生產力差異源自於哪些因素?。本研究採DEA模型，衡量金融控股公司與非金融控股公司效率差異，並透過差額變數分析（Slack Variable Analysis），使相對無效率銀行瞭解其缺失所在，進而尋求改進之道，將過多的投入量減少及過少的產出量增加；再利用Tobit迴歸模型，探討銀行之資本適足率、逾放比率、市場佔有率、風險水準、成本收益指標與經營效率之關係。 研究發現「金融控股公司」的平均總效率、技術效率值均高於「非金融控股公司」 。且不論是「金融控股公司」或「非金融控股公司」相對上都需減少固定資產及增加非利息收入，因而全體樣本銀行不僅需裁減人員還需廣增存款以外的利息收入或費用，以免在存款減少下引發資金不足的營運危機。

摘要 1980年代至90年代初期，東亞各國成為全球經濟重要的發展區域之一，泰國、馬來西亞、印尼、菲律賓等繼亞洲四小龍之後成為亞洲地區成長迅速的新興開發中國家。然而，自1995年起，東南亞各國經濟開始出現衰退現象，1997年7月泰國更出現泰銖貶值，匯價劇跌，造成泰國股市的崩盤，傳染性的匯率貶值壓力延伸至菲律賓、馬來西亞、印尼與新加坡，甚至連東北亞的韓國，日本、台灣與香港也受波及，使得整個東亞地區幾乎都遭受到金融風暴的衝擊。 因此本研究針對1984至2002年的東亞國家，採用資料包絡分析法探討亞洲金融風暴對東亞各國效率的影響，利用Malmquist指數計算分析生產力變動的來源，以研究東亞各國在歷經金融風暴後如何調整其生產力及效率。 本研究依東亞各國受金融風暴影響的程度分為金融風暴國以及非金融風暴國兩大群組，實證結果顯示，東亞地區國家之整體技術效率值以及純技術效率值於金融風暴發生後有提升的現象，相較於金融風暴國於風暴前後之整體技術效率值以及生產力變動有顯著差異，非金融風暴國則未發生此一現象。本研究利用國內固定資本形成毛額作為投入要素與實質國內生產毛額作為產出項所構成的效率前緣曲線圖，分析解釋前述現象，發現金融風暴國在風暴前確實有投資過剩的問題，風暴後金融風暴國效率的提升來自於調整其生產規模、減少不當投資。 此外，本研究發現中國大陸的生產力在金融風暴後有逐年衰退的趨勢，其主要原因是來自於規模變動的不利影響，意味著中國大陸在展現高度經濟成長的同時，似乎已產生供給過剩的現象，是否會為日後的經濟發展帶來隱憂，甚至成為二次亞洲金融風暴的起源，值得注意。 / Abstract From the1980s to early 1990s, East Asia became one of the most important areas in developing the global economy. Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Philippine’s economy grew up fast and became the newly developing country following the Four little Dragons in Asia. However, since 1995, the economy of various countries in Southeast Asia began to decline. In July 1997 Thailand’s Thai Baht and exchange rate depreciated dramatically and crash of the Thai stock market. Then the Tai Baht currency depreciation rapidly spread to Philippine, Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore; even South Korea, Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong were involved in the crisis. As a result, the whole East Asia nearly all suffered this financial storm. Today, most of Asian countries are recovered from the Asia crisis. In order to analyze how East Asian countries to overcome the Asian financial crisis and adjust their productivity and efficiency, this study uses a panel data of 15 East Asian countries through 1984 to 2002 to apply data envelopment analysis (DEA) to assess the effects of the Asia financial crisis and measure the Malmquist productivity index to analyze the sources of the change in efficiency. The study breaks down the East Asian countries into two groups, Asian-crisis countries and non-Asian-crisis countries, depending on the extent to which they were affected by the Asian financial crisis. The major findings of this paper are as follows. The full samples denote that after crisis era the overall technical efficiency and the pure technical efficiency are higher than that of before crisis era. The further analysis demonstrates that such phenomenon only can be found in Asian-crisis group. This study constructs a two dimensions efficiency frontier curve graph by using gross fixed capital formation and gross domestic product as input and output proxy to analyze the efficiency change to help to explain the above phenomenon. The frontier efficiency curves find that the Asian-crisis countries indeed have over investment problem before the crisis, and the improvement of efficiencies after crisis is due to successful downsizing, such as reducing production scale and improper investments. In addition, this study illustrates that the productivity change in China has a tendency of declining over the last couple of years. The main reason comes from the unfavorable change in scale efficiency. The high economic growth accompanies over supply in China which reveals the similar phenomenon in Asia-crisis countries before the crisis. Therefore, it is worth to take a notice that whether the growth phenomenon in China becomes the source of the second Asian financial crisis in the future.

在講求品質創新與顧客導向之時代中，隨著顧客的需求和期望，創造產品之一元品質和魅力品質，是促使企業不斷地精益求精之動力，同時也使企業更具競爭力，進而使企業能永續經營。 本研究以CK電腦公司之工業用筆記型電腦HDD為研究對象。公司提出因RT686型號工業用筆記型電腦無法通過軍規振動測試，公司正準備開發新型號。本研究將對舊型號之電腦HDD內部緩衝材做設計，待找到防振效果最佳之緩衝材設計後，將其應用至新機型電腦，使其能通過軍規振動測試。 透過實驗設計方法規劃和執行三階段之HDD振動實驗，並收集實驗數據，再分別利用MSE法、變異數分析結合迴歸分析法、回應圖和回應表分析法、類別資料分析法和倒傳遞類神經網路方法分析，以決定最佳緩衝材設計。在進行確認實驗後，找到不會因為外部環境之振動，使HDD之運轉速度發生暫停和轉慢情形之最佳緩衝材設計，防振效果良好，而且此緩衝材設計只使用一種材質，更是節省公司材料生產上之成本。

有賴電腦的輔助，企業或組織內部所存放的資料量愈來愈多，加速資料量擴大的速度。但是大量的資料帶來的未必是大量的知識，即使擁有功能強大的資料庫系統，倘若不對資料作有意義的分析與推論，再大的資料庫也只是存放資料的空間。過去企業或組織只把資料庫當作查詢系統，並不知道可以藉由資料庫獲取有價值的資訊，而其中資料庫的內容完整與否更是重要。由於企業所擁有的資料庫未必健全，雖然擁有龐大資料庫，但是其中資訊未必足夠。我們認為利用資料庫加值方法：插補方法、抽樣方法、模型評估等步驟，以達到擴充資訊的目的，應該可以在不改變原始資料結構之下增加資料庫訊息。 本研究主要在比較不同階段的資料經過加值動作後，是否還能與原始資料結構一致。研究架構大致分成三個主要流程，包括迴歸模型、羅吉斯迴歸模型與決策樹C5.0。經過不同階段的資料加值後，我們所獲得的結論為在迴歸模型為主要流程之下，利用迴歸為主的插補方法可以使加值後的資料庫較貼近原始資料，若想進一步採用抽樣方法縮減資料量，系統抽樣所獲得的結果會比利用簡單隨機抽樣來的好。而在決策樹C5.0的主要流程下，以類神經演算法作為插補的主要方法，在提增資訊量的同時，也使插補後的資料更接近原始資料。關於羅吉斯迴歸模型，由於間斷型變數的類別比例差異過大，致使此流程無法達到有效結論。 經由實證分析可以瞭解不同的配模方式，表現較佳的資料庫加值技術也不盡相同，但是與未插補的資料庫相比較，利用資料庫加值技術的確可以增加資訊量，使加值後的虛擬資料庫更貼近原始資料結構。 / With the fast pace of advancement in computer technology, computers have the capacity to store huge amount of data. The abundance of the data, without its proper treatment, does not necessary mean having valuable information on hand. As such, a large database system can merely serve as ways of accessing and storing. Keeping this in mind, we would like to focus on the integrity of the database. We adapt the methods where the missing values are imputed and added while leaving the data structure unmodified. The interest of this paper is to find out when the data are post value added using three different imputation methods, namely regression analysis, logistic regression analysis and C5.0 decision tree, which of the methods could provide the most consistent and resemblance value-added database to the original one. The results this paper has obtained are as the followings. The regression method, after imputation of the added value, produced the closer database structure to the original one. And in the case of having large amount of data where the smaller size of data is desired, then the systematic sampling provides a better outcome than the simple random sampling. The C5.0 decision tree method provides similar result as with the regression method. Finally with respect to the logistic regression analysis, the ratio of each class in the discrete variables is out of proportion, thereby making it difficult to make a reasonable conclusion. After going through the above studies, we have found that although the results from three different methods give slight different outcomes, one thing stands out and that is using the technique of value-added database could actually improve the authentic of the original database.

在今日以客戶為導向的市場中，“給較好的客戶較好的服務”的概念已經逐漸轉變為“給每一位客戶適當的服務”。藉由跨域行銷(cross-selling)的方式，企業可以為不同的客戶提供適當的服務及商品組合。臺灣的金融業近年來在金融整合中陸續成立了多家金融控股公司，希望藉由銀行、保險與證券等領域統籌資源與資本集中，以整合旗下子公司達成跨領域的共同行銷。這種新的行銷方式需要具有表達資料項目間關係的資訊技術，而關聯規則(association rule)是一種支援共同行銷所需之資料倉儲中的極重要元件。 傳統關聯規則的挖掘可以用來找出交易資料庫中客戶潛在的消費傾向。如果得以進一步的鎖定是那些客戶在什麼時間、什麼地點具有這種消費傾向，我們可藉此制定更精確、更具獲利能力的行銷策略。然而，大部分的相關習成技術都假設挖掘出的規則在資料庫的每一個區間都是一樣有效的，然而這顯然不符合大多數的現實狀況。 本研究主要著眼於如何有效率的在不同維度、不同大小的資料庫區域中挖掘關聯規則。藉此發展出可以自動在資料庫中產生分割的機制。就此，本研究提出一個方法找出在各個分割中成立的關聯規則，此一方法具有以下幾個優點： 1. 對於找出的關聯規則，可以進一步界定此規則在資料庫的那些區域成立。 2. 對於使用者知識以及資料庫重覆掃瞄次數的要求低於先前的方法。 3. 藉由保留中間結果，此一方法可以做到增量模式的規則挖掘。 本研究舉了兩個例子來驗證所提出的方法，結果顯示本方法具有效率及可規模化方面均較以往之方法為優。 / In today’s customer-oriented market, vision of “For better customer, the better service” becomes “For every customer, the appropriate service”. Companies can develop composite products to satisfy customer needs by cross-selling. In Taiwan’s financial sector, many financial holding companies have been consecutively founded recently. By pooling the resources and capital for banking, insurance, and securities, these financial holding companies would like to integration information resources from subsidiary companies for cross-selling. This new promotion method needs the information technology which can present the relationship between items, and association rule is an important element in data warehouse which supports cross-selling. Traditional association rule can discover some customer purchase trend in a transaction database. The further exploration into targets as when, where and what kind of customers have this purchase trend that we chase, the more precise information that we can retrieve to make accurate and profitable strategies. Moreover, most related works assume that the rules are effective in database thoroughly, which obviously does not work in the majority of cases. The aim of this paper is to discover correspondent rules from different zones in database. We develop a mechanism to produce segmentations with different granularities related to each dimension, and propose an algorithm to discover association rules in all the segmentations. The advantages of our method are: 1. The rules which only hold in several segmentations of database will be picked up by our algorithm. 2. Mining all association rules in all predefined segmentations with less user prior knowledge and redundant database scans than previous methods. 3. By keeping the intermediate results of the algorithm, we can implement an incremental mining. We give two examples to evaluate our method, and the results show that our method is efficient and effective.