資料品質的好壞會影響決策品質以及各種行動的執行成果，所以資料品質在近年來越來越受到重視。本研究包含了兩個資料庫，一個是產業創新調查資料庫，一個是95年工商及服務業普查資料庫，資料品質的好壞對一個資料庫來說也是一個相當重要的議題，資料庫中往往都含有錯誤的資料，錯誤的資料會導致分析結果出現偏差的狀況，所以在進行資料分析之前，資料清理與整理是必要的事前處理工作。 我們從母體資料分佈與樣本資料分佈得知，在清理與整理資料之前，平均創新員工人數為92.08，平均工商員工人數為135.54；在清理與整理資料之後，我們比較兩個資料庫員工人數的相關性、相似性、距離等性質，結果顯示兩個資料庫的資料一致性極高，平均創新員工人數與平均工商員工人數分別為39.01與42.12，跟母體平均員工人數7.05較為接近，也顯示出資料清理的重要性。 本研究使用的方法為事後分層抽樣，主要研究目的是要利用產業創新調查樣本來推估95年工商及服務業普查母體資料的準確性。產業創新調查樣本在推估母體從業員工人數與母體營業收入方面皆出現高估的狀況，推測出現高估的原因是產業創新調查母體為前中華徵信所出版的五千大企業名冊為母體底冊，而工商及服務業普查企業資料為一般企業母體底冊。因此，我們利用和產業創新調查樣本所相對應的工商普查樣本做驗證，發現95年工商及服務業普查樣本與產業創新調查樣本的資料一致性極高。 / Data quality is good or bad will affect the decision quality and achievements in the implementation of various actions, so the data quality more and more attention in recent years. This study consists of two databases, one is the industrial innovation survey database, another is the industry and commerce census database in ninety five years. Data quality is good or bad of a database is also a very important issue, the database often contain erroneous information, incorrect information will result in bias of the analysis results. So before carrying out data analysis, data cleaning and consolidation is necessary. We can know from the parent and the sample data distribution. Before data cleaning and consolidation, the average number of innovation employees is 92.08, and the average number of industrial-commerce employees is 135.54. After data cleaning and consolidation, we compare the correlation, similarity, and distance of the number of employees in two databases. The results show the data consistency of the two databases is very high, the average number of innovation employees is 39.01, and the average number of industrial-commerce employees is 42.12, it is closer to the average number of parent employees 7.05. This also shows the importance of data cleaning. Method used in the study is post-stratified sampling, the main research objective is to use industrial innovation survey sample to estimate the data accuracy of the industry and commerce census in ninety five years. Use industrial innovation survey sample to estimate the number of employees and operating revenue in the industry and commerce census in ninety five years are both overestimated, we guess the reason is that the parent of the industrial innovation survey is five thousand large enterprises published by China Credit Information, and the parent of the industry and commerce census is general enterprises. Therefore, we use the corresponding industry and commerce census sample for validation. The results show that the data consistency of the industrial innovation survey sample and the industry and commerce census sample in ninety five years is very high.

對於零碎且結構複雜的資料來源時，社會網路分析能夠給予整體性的觀察，還能檢視個體之間的關係。目前社會網路分析研究中，因為將網路退化至簡單連結關係，所以會遺失許多珍貴的資訊。而網路規模和型態隨著研究議題的不同，也會跟著增大或趨於多變，但動態網路分析能夠提供我們檢視每個時期，網路的變化或社群的形成或消失，甚至能知道節點間的互動影響。本論文研究，以政府人事異動資料為主，並且加入了其他政府組織的相關資料，建構出政府組織的從屬網路，並在每個網路快照中，擷取出重要的官員異動；每一筆人事異動都是一個事件的發生，而特任或簡任官員在本研究中視為重要事件，從這些重要事件的發生，我們能夠對每個時間的官員，使用EventRank的演算法做排名計算。最後能從時間的變化中，觀察出每個時期的佔有重要影響力的官員。 / To fragmented and complex structure data, social network analysis (SNA) can give an overall observation, but also view the relationship between individuals. Recent research in SNA is the degradation of the network link to a simple relationship but it will lose a lot of valuable information. The size and type of network with different research topics will follow the increase or rapidly changing, dynamic network analysis can provide our view of changes in the network or community to form or disappear in every period, even know the impact of the interaction between nodes. This thesis is based on the government official changes and other related data to construct manager-subordinate network of the government organization and capture the important interactions between officials in every network snapshot. An official change is the occurrence of an event and special level official changes in this study as a critical event. From these critical events, we can use the Event Rank algorithm to rank the officials. Finally, we can observe which official has more influence from the time changes.

如何藉由DNA微陣列資料跟存活資料的資訊來找出基因表現定型一直是個重要的議題。這些研究的主要目標是從大量的基因中找出那些真正跟存活時間或其它重要的臨床結果有顯著關係的小部分。Threshold Gradient Directed Regularization (TGDR)是ㄧ種已經被應用在高維度迴歸問題中能同時處理變數選取以及模型配適的演算法。然而，TGDR採用一種梯度投影型態的演算法使得收斂速率緩慢。在本篇論文中，我們建議新的包含Newton-Raphson求解演算法類型的改良版TGDR方法。我們建議的方法有類似TGDR的特性但卻有比較快的收斂速率。文中並利用一筆附有設限存活時間的真實微陣列癌症資料來做示範。 本篇論文的第二部份是關於適用於區間設限存活資料的重複抽樣Peto-Peto檢定。這個重複抽樣Peto-Peto檢定能夠評估存活函數估計方法的檢定力，例如Turnbull的估計方法以及Kaplan-Meier的估計方法。這個檢定方法顯示出在區間設限資料時Kaplan-Meier的估計方法的檢定力要比Turnbull的估計方法的檢定力來得低。這個檢定方法將以模擬的區間設限資料以及一筆真實關於乳癌研究的區間設限資料來說明。 / Analyzing censored survival data with high-dimensional covariates arising from the microarray data has been an important issue. The main goal is to find genes that have pivotal influence with patient's survival time or other important clinical outcomes. Threshold Gradient Directed Regularization (TGDR) method has been used for simultaneous variable selection and model building in high-dimensional regression problems. However, the TGDR method adopts a gradient-projection type of method and would have slow convergence rate. In this thesis, we proposed Modified TGDR algorithms which incorporate Newton-Raphson type of search algorithm. Our proposed approaches have the similar characteristics with TGDR but faster convergence rates. A real cancer microarray data with censored survival times is used for demonstration. The second part of this thesis is about a proposed resampling based Peto-Peto test for survival functions on interval censored data. The proposed resampling based Peto-Peto test can evaluate the power of survival function estimation methods, such as Turnbull’s Procedure and Kaplan-Meier estimate. The test shows that the power based on Kaplan-Meier estimate is lower than that based on Turnbull’s estimation on interval censored data. This proposed test is demonstrated on simulated data and a real interval censored data from a breast cancer study.

保險契約又稱之為「最大善意契約」或「誠信契約」，歸因於保險契約之制定需仰賴要保人及被保險人之善意與誠信，而於保險事故發生前最重要者為保險法上據實說明義務及危險增加通知之義務，此二義務要求要保人及被保險人提供大量個人資料，俾使保險制度能順利運作。我國個人資料保護法第6條關於敏感性個人資料部分之蒐集、處理、利用部分遲遲尚未施行，連帶影響保險法上據實說明義務及危險增加通知義務之履行無所適從。 自外國立法例觀之，個人資料保護隨著資訊發展而逐漸受到各國重視，爰參考OECD經濟合作發展組織之隱私保護原則、歐盟個人資料保護指令及經濟合作發展組織亦提出隱私保護暨個人資料跨國傳遞指導原則，對於美國、英國及日本保險實務對於個人資料保護法實施分別制定不同措施。美國最早提出告知後同意原則，並由美國保險監理協會制訂保險資訊與隱私保障標準模範法典予以落實；英國則遵照歐盟個人資料保護指令特別制定特種個人資料處理原則，將個人資料種類予以不同程度化區分；日本對於個人情報保護法除金融廳制定金融領域下指針外，其生命保險協會及損害保險協會分別制定生命保險業之個人情報處理指針及損害保險公司之個人情報保護指針。基此，以上各國之立法及保險實務運作，亦為我國制定保險法第177條之1之參考依據。 惟保險法第177條之1於主體面、客體面、內容制定、免除告知義務規範及過渡條款之設計等皆有可議之處。本文分析保險法上據實說明義務及危險增加通知義務與個人資料同意權之衝突，並依據保險事業發展中心委託研究計畫及行政院草案，以立法沿革及法規面逐一剖析保險法第177條之1之妥適性並給予立法建議。希冀本研究能有助於保險實務上對於現行個人資料保護法之制定，予以明確且完善之配套措施，並為保險法第177條之1開啟新紀元。

長久以來，我國在偵辦民刑事案件時，調閱相關人等之銀行帳戶資料通常是必要作法之一，表面上看來行之有年、理所當然，但深究後卻發現未臻完善、有待改進，其中尤以正當合法性及與個人隱私權之衝突最具爭議。調閱銀行帳戶資料固然是快速有效偵查案情的方式之一，但若無合理的法律依據、明確的施行方針、完善的配套措施及必要的懲處規定，將易流於擴權濫用，不僅違背法理，亦侵害當事人之隱私權，影響甚鉅，而當今我國文獻中卻較缺乏關於此方面之探討，殊為可惜。因此，目前我國偵查機關調閱銀行帳戶資料之法律依據為何？與其他法律是否有矛盾衝突之處？實務上如何施行？有哪些配套措施？未來有何改進之道？若公務機關違法濫權有何懲罰機制？如何適當修改現有法令規範以使其更臻完善？凡此皆與社會大眾息息相關，並使筆者產生高度興趣及強烈研究動機，期盼透過深入研究，得以充分瞭解相關理論與實務，並對問題提出解決或改善之建議。 無論自人性尊嚴、隱私權或資訊自決權之觀點來看，個人資料保護皆為基本且重要之議題，不容忽視，而銀行帳戶實為個人資料當中非常重要之一環。美國為隱私權概念發源地，理論與實務發展久遠，深具探討價值，故本文擇其作為比較分析對象。為求深入探討調閱銀行帳戶資料在台灣及美國司法實務面運作之情形，本文整理解析兩國近年來相關法規及民事刑事裁判，2010年4月我國立法通過之「電腦處理個人資料保護法修正案」(後更名為「個人資料保護法」，2012年10月付諸實行，以下亦簡稱「新個資法」)亦在本文討論範圍內。本文將介紹各相關法規內容，分析新舊法規之差異，探究實務面作法及未來可能走向，以提供各位讀者先進參考。 國家為履行公共任務或打擊金融犯罪，通常需要調閱相關人等之銀行帳戶資料，此為偵查機關職責所在，但若稍有不慎即可能使個人資訊隱私權遭受重大侵害，而目前理論與實務面皆尚有未盡完善之處。筆者盼以本身面臨之法令疑義，對我國新個資法及台美兩國相關法規之檢視，對本文蒐集資料之研讀心得，及在金融業服務十年之工作經驗作為本文研究之核心。 本篇論文之主要目的，盼藉由各面向之探討及對法律制度之論述，檢視當今我國與美國調閱銀行私人帳戶資料之正當性與合法性；本文不僅描述兩國偵查機關調閱銀行帳戶資料之現況，亦針對問題分析研究，提出建議策略，盼能為我國目前存在之問題困境貢獻一己之力，以供法律界、金融界及相關公務部門參考。 透過本文研究，可觀察目前我國與美國調閱銀行私人帳戶資料相關法規與實務之發展方向，探討主管機關在提升偵查效率及保障個人財務資訊隱私權之間如何取得平衡，希冀政府機關不僅能快速有效完成偵查任務，亦能在合情合理合法範圍內作好個人資料保護，兩全其美。 / In Taiwan, law enforcement’s access to private banking account is a common way of investigating civil or criminal crimes. Although it seems very normal, it still has some problems need to be solved, especially its legality and controversy over privacy. It’s efficient to investigate a crime by retrieving data from private banking account, but it’s easy to invade personal privacy if there’s no reasonable law, clear direction, supplementary measures or necessary punishments. As a result, it’s very worthwhile and important to discuss this thesis’ title. However, there are not many relevant essays or writings in our country nowadays. About this issue, there are many relevant topics which are worthy to be discussed. For example, what is the legal basis of this kind of investigation? Is there any inconsistency between its legal basis and other laws? What are the implementations or supporting measures in practice and improvements in the future? Is there any supervision mechanism if the Government abuses its power? How to amend existing legal regulations appropriately to make them more perfect? Topics above are closely related to all society so the author has a high degree of interest and motivation. Hope this thesis will make readers fully understand relevant theory and practice then they may know how to solve problems and make improvements by this article’s suggestion. Whether from the point of view of privacy, human dignity or self-determination of revealing personal information, protection of personal data is always a basic and important issue which shouldn’t be ignored. The private banking account is actually one kind of the most important personal data. The United States (hereinafter also “America”) is the birthplace of the concept of privacy which has developed there for a long time. It is worth researching so the author selects America for comparative analysis task. In order to discuss the judicial practice about private banking account being investigated by the authorities in Taiwan and America, the author sorts out and analyzes relevant regulations and criminal judges of these two countries in recent years. “Computer Processed Personal Information Protection Act Amendments” (later renamed “Personal Information Protection Act”, implemented in October 2012, hereinafter also “New Personal Information Act”) passed by the Legislative Yuan of Taiwan in April 2010 is also within the scope of this article. This article will describe the contents of relevant laws, analyze the differences between old and new regulations and discuss practical approaches and possible directions in the future so this thesis will provide reference for all readers. The Government often needs to retrieve banking account information to fulfill public tasks or fight against financial crimes. Although this is the duty of the authorities, it will result in serious violation of personal information privacy if the authorities make any mistake. In fact, both of relevant theory and practice in our country have some drawbacks and deficiencies at this time. The author looks forward to discussing the doubts of law, examining “New Personal Information Act” and relevant regulations of Taiwan and America and sharing study experience on this issue and a decade of work experience in the financial industry in order to constitute the core of this research. The main purpose of this thesis is to examine the necessity and legality of retrieving banking account information in Taiwan and America by discussing all relevant aspects and legal systems. This article not only describes the authorities’ access to banking account information in the current situation but also analyzes problems, makes suggestions and offers strategies. The author hopes to do his best to make some contribution to the law, financial industry and related public authorities. Through this thesis, readers could observe Taiwan and America’s investigation of private banking account currently and developing directions of relevant regulations and actual situations in the future. Readers could also learn and discuss how the authorities weigh improvement of investigation efficiency and protection of personal financial information privacy. Hope our Government will not only complete investigation quickly and efficiently but also protect personal information privacy legally and reasonably.

本文所探討的中心為貝氏模型運用於加速壽命試驗，並且假設受測項目之壽命服從Weibull分配。加速實驗環境有三種，其中第二種環境代表正常狀態，採用加速壽命試驗的方式涵蓋了三種：固定應力、漸進之逐步應力和變量曲線之逐步應力。對於先驗參數，並不是直接給予特定的值，而是透過專家評估，給定各種環境之下的產品可靠度之中位數或百分位數，再利用這些資訊經過數值運算解出先驗參數。資料的型態分成兩種，一為區間資料，另一為型一設限資料，透過蒙地卡羅法模擬出後驗分配，並且估計正常環境狀態的可靠度。 / This article develops a Bayes inference model for accelerated life testing assuming failure times at each stress level are Weibull distributed. Using the approach, there are three stressed to be used, and the three testing scenarios to be adapted are as follows：fixed-stress, progressive step-stress and profile step-stress. Prior information is used to indirectly define a multivariate prior distribution for the scale parameters at the various stress levels. The inference procedure accommodates both the interval data sampling strategy and type I censored sampling strategy for the collection of ALT test data. The inference procedure uses the well-known Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods to derive posterior approximations.

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(工学) / 乙第12423号 / 論工博第4033号 / 新制||工||1480(附属図書館) / 27519 / (主査)教授 寶 馨, 教授 岡田 憲夫, 教授 角 哲也 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当

本文主張，隱私是公民社會的構成元素，它保障個人在社會建構的形塑之下，保有日常行為實踐的能動性，得在自我自主經驗與社會建構的來回探索之間，生成個人的主體性。這個動態的主體性發展空間，使我們得以開拓環境中的意外發現並建立心智的批判獨立性，具備如此公民特質的社會，才有能力促進自我決定、創新、人際交往互動等實踐可能性，形塑健全的公民社會。 然而，巨量資料在數位環境中，正全面影響我們日常行為實踐的模式。巨量資料以統計相關性的知識論與方法論，形成不同的洞察與價值，其以資料驅動技術所辨識出的現象模式，建立其宣稱的客觀性優勢。巨量資料脈絡下的數位技術物，不僅是日常生活的輔助工具，而毋寧是我們個人感官的延伸，其精巧的影響我們與周遭世界的關係，積極介入、給予指示、引導行為，甚至定義我們的身分，調整、調控我們的行為。作為一種知識生產與治理模式，巨量資料的監控本質對於個人或群體所加諸的權力作用，將削弱個人主體性的發展空間，進而影響健全的公民社會發展，形成新型態的、難以察覺的隱私權侵害風險。並且，本文認為，商業監控結合監控資本主義邏輯的調控治理，對於公民社會的傷害更鉅。 面臨如此的風險，本文指出作為資訊社會產物的現行個人資料保護機制，無法回應數位環境中巨量資料隱私威脅的三個因素：個人資料性質的改變、告知與同意機制的失敗、資料汙染。並在奠基於隱私權的社會價值理論之上，提出三種原則性建議：巨量資料的應用倫理、巨量資料利用的正當程序原則、社會責任與自律規範。在原則性建議以外，亦將視角拉回我國的個人資料保護機制，參考歐盟一般資料保護規則的相關立法，建議我國應盡速設置專責之資料保護監管機構，並提供具體的個人資料保護規範修法方向：創設涵蓋資料保護影響評估的資料管理機制、建置組織內部資料利用監督機制、以及創設使用者的資料可攜權。

科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(B)(2) 課題番号:07458049 研究代表者:尾崎 明人 研究期間:1995-1997年度

在有限的資源之下，各區域地方政府相當渴望跳脫僵化與官僚的決策模式，尋求創新有效率的治理機制，另一方面開放政府資料已為國際化的趨勢，台灣於開放資料領域耕耘成果亦相當豐碩。本研究希望建置商業智慧平台，將開放資料轉換為無形的「智慧資本」，持續驅動創新有效率的「治理機制」，進而改善在地人民的生活品質。 本論文研究實作一網頁為基礎的商業智慧分析平台，工具包括資料包絡分析法、競爭者分析，透過探索式資料分析，使用者彈性操作指標與決策參數，反覆進行資料探索分析，進而了解（一）地方之競爭縣市與區域特色（二）各縣市相對治理績效（三）單一縣市之優勢產業。並藉由宜蘭縣的文創、觀光、環境此三個產業面向的資料為例說明。 本論文聚焦於使用前端框架技術—AngularJS之系統實作，藉由資料視覺化設計、提升使用者經驗，建置高擴充性的資料探勘分析的平台，更可滿足使用者一次購足的統計資料查詢環境。 / Facing the challenges of limited resources and budget constraints, regional governments have been actively pursuing strategies to transform conventional bureaucratic decision-making model into innovative and efficient governance mechanism. At the same time, “open government data” is becoming a political commitment for many countries and Taiwanese government has made significant advances in this respect recently. To leverage the trend for open public data, this thesis aims to develop a web-based business intelligence system to support efficient governance through in-depth analysis of intellectual capital. The tools provided in this system include data envelopment analysis (DEA), competitor identification, and exploratory data analysis. The system is designed to allow average users to experiment with different parameter settings and view the results interactively. Insights on competing counties and regional characteristics, relative governance efficiency and leading industry can be gained with ease. We illustrate the functionalities of the system using data from Yi-Lan County and investigate its competitiveness in three areas, namely, culture and creative industry, tourism, and environmental industry. AngularJS, a front-end framework, is utilized to implement the proposed business intelligence system. The objective is to provide a one stop shopping service for interactive data analysis and visualization with user friendly design and good extensibility.