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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
331

串流資料分析在台灣股市指數期貨之應用 / An Application of Streaming Data Analysis on TAIEX Futures

林宏哲, Lin, Hong Che Unknown Date (has links)
資料串流探勘是一個重要的研究領域,因為在現實中有許多重要的資料以串流的形式產生或被收集,金融市場的資料常常是一種資料串流,而通常這類型資料的本質是變動性大的。在這篇論文中我們運應了資料串流探勘的技術去預測台灣加權指數期貨的漲跌。對機器而言,預測期貨這種資料串流並不容易,而困難度跟概念飄移的種類與程度或頻率有關。概念飄移表示資料的潛在分布改變,這造成預測的準確率會急遽下降,因此我們專注在如何處理概念飄移。首先我們根據實驗的結果推測台灣加權指數期貨可能存在高頻率的概念飄移。另外實驗結果指出,使用偵測概念飄移的演算法可以大幅改善預測的準確率,甚至對於原本表現不好的演算法都能有顯著的改善。在這篇論文中我們亦整理出專門處理各類概念飄移的演算法。此外,我們提出了一個多分類器演算法,有助於偵測「重複發生」類別的概念飄移。該演算法相比改進之前,其最大的特色在於不需要使用者設定每個子分類器的樣本數,而該樣本數是影響演算法的關鍵之一。 / Data stream mining is an important research field, because data is usually generated and collected in a form of a stream in many cases in the real world. Financial market data is such an example. It is intrinsically dynamic and usually generated in a sequential manner. In this thesis, we apply data stream mining techniques to the prediction of Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index Futures or TAIEX Futures. Our goal is to predict the rising or falling of the futures. The prediction is difficult and the difficulty is associated with concept drift, which indicates changes in the underlying data distribution. Therefore, we focus on concept drift handling. We first show that concept drift occurs frequently in the TAIEX Futures data by referring to the results from an empirical study. In addition, the results indicate that a concept drift detection method can improve the accuracy of the prediction even when it is used with a data stream mining algorithm that does not perform well. Next, we explore methods that can help us identify the types of concept drift. The experimental results indicate that sudden and reoccurring concept drift exist in the TAIEX Futures data. Moreover, we propose an ensemble based algorithm for reoccurring concept drift. The most characteristic feature of the proposed algorithm is that it can adaptively determine the chunk size, which is an important parameter for other concept drift handling algorithms.
332

我國各縣市整體環保績效之研究 / The Performance Evaluation of Environmental Protection in Taiwan’s Local Governments

游京晶, Yu, Jing Jing Unknown Date (has links)
台灣1970年代以來經濟起飛,人民生活日漸富裕,隨著經濟實力成長,同時也犧牲了環境,為了使人類永續發展,人民開始重視環境保護,要求政府改善以維護生活品質。因此環保投入的效率成為重要的研究課題。 本研究目的以資料包絡分析法建立客觀的「投入-產出」模型,來評估2001年至2010年各縣市環保機關在空氣、噪音、水及廢棄物污染防制的續效表現,再分析各縣市環保機關整體績效,並研究四個環保評估面向影響整體環保績效的比例為何。 實證結果發現,整體績效而言,台北市、高雄市資源雖然多,但技術仍然不足以應付沉重的環境、人口負荷量,使得投入與產出的效率不如其他縣市。並由各環保面向績效的趨勢分析發現,資源回收率的效率進步最多,水污染防制效率最差。 Tobit迴歸模型中,四個環保評估面向對整體環保面向的影響為顯著正相關,而且資源回收率效率值對整體環保效率值的影響最大,符合本研究預期。 / This research aims at assessing environmental protection performance in Taiwan’s local governments about air pollution, noise pollution, water pollution and resource recycling from 2001 to 2010 base on DEA and Tobit regression model to analyze the effect of each part’s CCR on whole Environmental Protection efficiency. The result of DEA are (1)The Taipei city and Kaohsiung are good in input than other cities, but lower than other cities in output, because there are too many population to deal with those pollution. (2)Analyzing the trend of each environmental protection part, the resource recycling make great progress. According to this study, the fore evaluations are significantly positive effect on whole performance evaluation of environmental protection. The most value is resource recycling that meet our expected
333

中文資訊擷取結果之錯誤偵測 / Error Detection on Chinese Information Extraction Results

鄭雍瑋, Cheng, Yung-Wei Unknown Date (has links)
資訊擷取是從自然語言文本中辨識出特定的主題或事件的描述,進而萃取出相關主題或事件元素中的對應資訊,再將其擷取之結果彙整至資料庫中,便能將自然語言文件轉換成結構化的核心資訊。然而資訊擷取技術的結果會有錯誤情況發生,若單只依靠人工檢查及更正錯誤的方式進行,將會是耗費大量人力及時間的工作。 在本研究論文中,我們提出字串圖形結構與字串特徵值兩種錯誤資料偵測方法。前者是透過圖形結構比對各資料內字元及字元間關聯,接著由公式計算出每筆資料的比對分數,藉由分數高低可判斷是否為錯誤資料;後者則是利用字串特徵值,來描述字串外表特徵,再透過SVM和C4.5機器學習分類方法歸納出決策樹,進而分類正確與錯誤二元資料。而此兩種偵測方法的差異在於前者隱含了圖學理論之節點位置與鄰點概念,直接比對原始字串內容;後者則是將原始字串轉換成特徵數值,進行分類等動作。 在實驗方面,我們以「總統府人事任免公報」之資訊擷取成果資料庫作為測試資料。實驗結果顯示,本研究所提出的錯誤偵測方法可以有效偵測出不合格的值組,不但能節省驗證資料所花費的成本,甚至可確保高資料品質的資訊擷取成果產出,促使資訊擷取技術更廣泛的實際應用。 / Given a targeted subject and a text collection, information extraction techniques provide the capability to populate a database in which each record entry is a subject instance documented in the text collection. However, even with the state-of-the-art IE techniques, IE task results are expected to contain errors. Manual error detection and correction are labor intensive and time consuming. This validation cost remains a major obstacle to actual deployment of practical IE applications with high validity requirement. In this paper, we propose string graph structure and string feature-based methods. The former takes advantage of graph structure to compare characters and the relation between characters. Next step, we count the corresponding score via formula, and then the scores are takes to estimate the data correctness. The latter uses string features to describe a certain characteristics of each string, after that decision tree is generated by the C4.5 and SVM machine learning algorithms. And then classify the data is valid or not. These two detection methods have the ability to describe the feature of data and verify the correctness further. The difference between these two methods is that, we deal with string of row data directly in the previous method. Besides, it indicates the concept of node position and neighbor node in graphic theory. By contrast, the row string was transformed into feature value, and then be classified in the latter method. In our experiments, we use IE task results of government personnel directives as test data. We conducted experiments to verify that effective detection of IE invalid values can be achieved by using the string graph structure and string feature-based methods. The contribution of our work is to reduce validation cost and enhance the quality of IE results, even provide both analytical and empirical evidences for supporting the effective enhancement of IE results usability as well.
334

疾病群聚檢測方法與檢定力比較 / Disease Cluster Detection Methods and Power Comparison

王泰期, Wang, Tai-Ci Unknown Date (has links)
空間群聚分析應用於流行病學已行之有年,但國內這方面的研究仍較缺乏,尤其在找出哪些地區有較高疾病發生率的群聚偵測。本文針對台灣鄉鎮市資料的特性,提出一套合適的群聚檢測方法,這個方法使用兩階段的電腦模擬,實證上更容易使用;這個方法除了可找出最大顯著群聚外,也能夠偵測出多個群聚的分佈。本文使用電腦模擬比較本文的方法與目前使用較為廣泛的方法(包括Kulldorff(1995)的spatial scan statistic和Tango(2005)的flexible scan statistic),以型一誤差、型二誤差及錯誤率三種標準衡量方法的優劣。最後套用台灣癌症死亡率與健保就診次數資料,探討台灣癌症空間群聚與就診情形的變化。 / Spatial cluster analyses have applied in epidemiology for many years. In this topic there still are few researches in Taiwan, especially in detecting the areas which have higher disease intensity. In this paper, we proposed a new cluster detection method which is aimed at Taiwan counties’ data. This method which uses two-stage computer simulation procedures is useful in practice. This method can find the most likely cluster. Besides, it can find multiple clusters. We use computer simulations to compare our method with others (Kulldorff’s spatial scan statistic& Tango’s flexible scan statistic). Type-I error, Type-II error and error rate are criterions of measurement. At last, we use Taiwan cancer mortality data and all the people health insurance data to discuss Taiwan cancer spatial clusters and the change of diagnoses.
335

上市(櫃)建設公司財務結構與效率衡量之研究--土地持有與開發觀點檢視 / Listed Real Estate Companys’ Financial Structure and Efficiency Measurement: Aspects of Land Holding and Developing

章定煊 Unknown Date (has links)
建設公司的產業發展,並不可以單純的以經濟活動的一環來看,它也是家與生活場合的提供者。但是,在市場上所見到仍是一案建商的活躍,而績優建商卻相對委屈。問題的根源是,在資本市場大家無法分辨建設公司的好壞,資源無法有效流向好的建設公司,自然在市場上就發生劣幣驅逐良幣的現象。但是,在國內建設公司特有的經營環境,使得建設公司財務報表的功能性大幅受限,進而使其誘導資源的能力也相對降低。本論文之主要目的,即是分析建設公司之經營特性,分析其持有土地、在建工程與待售成屋存貨之經濟意涵與會計處理上之問題。同時,透過四個實證研究,提出建設公司存貨持有對建設公司財務報表影響之相關結論與建議,希望能解決部分目前對建設公司財務報表解讀困境與促進對建設公司之瞭解。本文主要內容,由四個實證研究所構成,分述如下。 第一個實證研究為以國泰建設為例,透過時間序列之共積(cointegration)模型,分析養地型建設公司財務報表之長期結構。研究結果發現,土地、在建工程與待售成屋三種存貨間存在長期穩定關係;此外,土地存貨持有率與毛利率長期間呈現負相關,顯示土地存貨持有,利潤率呈現上有不利的影響。實證結果也發現土地存貨持有率與負債比率,長期間呈現負相關,顯示建設公司將在財務結構較健全時進行土地持有。 第二個實證研究為透過資料包絡法(Data Envelopment Analysis;DEA)建構建設公司之績效指標,並利用Tobit迴歸分析比較績效指標與房地產投資開發變數之關連性。研究結果發現,建設公司有能力購入土地進行策略性等待,可以帶動績效指標上升;待售成屋存貨與在建工程存貨就如同預期,與績效指標呈現負相關。該部分實證結果顯示,分析建設公司之績效時,應考慮其存貨構成項目與其背後策略意涵,分析才會周延。至一般常用財務績效指標方面,結果不是完全無法掌握土地開發變數,就是在待售成屋存貨此項土地開發變數方面,與本文建構績效指標的符號方向相反,顯示有進一步探討空間。 第三個實證研究為透過Malmquist生產力指數,進一步計算績效指標之跨期變動,並以拔靴複製法(bootstrap)進行檢定不同土地持有策略對生產力、效率與技術變動影響為何。實證結果顯示,在房地產景氣之起跌階段,生產力均無顯著變化。在房地產景氣之續跌階段,長期大量持有土地之建設公司效率提升;短期大量持有土地之建設公司,產生技術退步。在房地產景氣之探底階段,建設公司為了在訴求高品質之推案以迴避景氣壓力,所以,全體建設公司均發生技術進步。至房地產景氣上升階段,一般性購屋需求大增,建設公司推案以量取勝,此時全體建設公司均發生技術退步現象,但不影響其生產力。 第四個實證研究,針對建設公司業績具有高度隨機性之特性進行研究。利用三階段DEA可以同時調整環境變數與隨機性之特性,深入探討建設公司之純粹技術效率。實證結果發現在一階段DEA中,低持有土地的效率值較好,但是,在三階段DEA則未達顯著水準。成屋存貨持有率與在建工程成有率在一階段DEA都未達顯著水準。在三階段DEA調整環境因素與隨機性後,結果發現,即使房地產景氣上升,擁有待售成屋存貨與在建工程之建設公司仍是效率不利。 綜合以上的結論,本文認為目前財務報表分析重點往往置於損益表之上,財務報表使用者非常關心當期損益,但是基於建設公司的營運特性與會計原則特性,透過當期損益根本難以掌握建設公司未來動態。所以,觀察重點應該重回資產負債表之上,尤其是房地產相關存貨的結構與土地持有策略。同時也必須留意景氣變化對建設公司造成的影響,並調整隨機性對其財務報表數字之表達。 / Construction companies (developers) play a key role in the housing market. However, one-case companies but good performing companies dominate the real estate market. Homebuyers and investors are not able to tell which companies have good quality from their financial reports. Consequently, capitals can not support good companies. The main purpose of this dissertation is to analyze construction companies’ operation, financial report, and economic senses. This dissertation employs four essays to figure out the relation between financial report and land holding and development and to propose some suggestions for solving some dilemmas about construction companies’ financial analysis. The first essay tries to find out the relation between financial structure ratios and real estate related inventory ones. Empirically, we find that there is strong relation between these ratios in the long run. We also find there is a negative relation between land inventory ratio and gross profit rate. Finally, an option of buy-and-hold strategy for land will be exercised under a healthy financial structure. Under considering risk control, the second essay employs Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to calculate the efficiency of the listed real estate development firms in Taiwan and to discriminate the factors which cause the inefficiency of those. The results show companies which exercise buy-and–hold-land strategy for land have better performance and it can conform to real option theory. The market beats the companies which own buildings or houses for sale as well as constructions in process. By comparing traditional performance indices and DEA indices, the land purchasing decision and the costs for construction in progress go in the same direction. However, the direction of houses for sale and that of land inventory are the opposite. Therefore, the conclusion is that more information is required when we evaluate the performance of real estate companies. The third essay tries to use Malmquist productivity index combine some financial ratios and bootstrapping method to test productivity, efficiency, and technical change of listing real estate companies. At the beginning of a recession, there was no significant productivity change for both companies which hold long-term mass lands(LTML) or short-term ones(STML). For an extension of this period, efficiency improvement and productivity enhancement occur to LTML and technical regress to STML. When the economy hits the bottom, technical progress occurs to both but productivity enhancement occurs only to STML because of huge financial pressures upon LTML. At the period of a recovery, mass-production oriental policy causes technical regress for all companies. Based on the highly stochastic attribute of construction companies operation, the fourth essay applies a three-stage DEA procedure to calculate pure managerial efficiency. We find that the pure managerial efficiency of companies which holding existing houses and construction in progress is at disadvantage. But there is no significant evidence that buy-and-hold-land strategy will lower pure managerial efficiency. From the above four essays, we conclude that financial report analyst should pay more attention to real estate related inventory rather than income statement. We also suggest that more information for land holding, construction in progress, and existing houses should be required.
336

影響地方財產稅收因素之探討

吳亭瑩 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,我國財政收支嚴重不平衡,地方政府相較於中央財政問題更困窘。由歷年來賦稅依存度或稅收資料顯示,地方賦稅收入並無法足夠支應地方支出,加上因為地區經濟發展狀況不同,各縣市財政收入不平衡,造成貧窮縣市之財政狀況更為艱辛,須依靠中央政府之補助款才得以提供地方事務。 本研究探討各地方財產稅之影響因素,因財產稅占各地方政府之賦稅收入之大宗,加上探討地方稅建制之文獻均認為財產稅最適合最為地方財源收入,故本研究藉由探討影響地方財產稅收之因素,分析我國地方政府財政制度之現況與困境,並對目前我國地方財政之困難提出建議。 本研究將影響地方財產稅因素分為經濟因素、人口因素、治安狀況、商業情況與房地產市場狀況,利用台北市、台北縣、高雄市與台中市民國81-93年之資料,進行實證分析。因本研究所採用的資料涵蓋4個轄區與13個年度,故計量模型採用Panel Data模型,Panel Data模型不僅可以分析解釋變數對財產稅收之影響程度,利用固定效果模型 (Fixed Effect Model) 更可以得知4個轄區之地方特定效果與時間效果。 根據實證結果顯示,我國地方財產稅具有明顯的地方特定效果與時間效果,表示地方財產稅容易受到各地人文地理制度之不同、地方無法量化之特質、土地政策的變動與總體景氣之影響。對於財產稅易受土地政策的變動與總體景氣之影響,我們合理懷疑其原因是因為本研究所稱之財產稅中含有土地增值稅與契稅兩種機會稅,才導致財產稅收會受到景氣變動之影響,經由實證分析結果驗證我們的論點,土地增值稅與契稅相較於地價稅與房屋稅易受整體經濟與土地政策變動之影響。 我國地方政府財政狀況,從實證結果亦能發現財政水平不均之情況,觀察固定效果發現台北市相對於其他轄區財產稅收較多,其原因可能為台北市為我國首都,人文地理與經濟發展情況均較其他轄區進步的地方特質效果所導致。透過本研究時間效果之分析,顯示地方政府若欲以降低該地區犯罪率或活絡該地之商業活動等僅具地區性之經濟活動來增加財產稅收,是較無效果的。地方財產稅收之增加主要仍須倚靠國家整體經濟景氣活絡,或以土地政策誘導房地產市場交易,是較可行的方法。
337

我國產險業經營效率之研究-財務中介法與附加價值法之比較

呂學仁 Unknown Date (has links)
保險公司之經營效率如何,影響保險公司經營效率之因素為何,是國內外保險學者長期以來研究的議題。本研究以我國產險業為對象進行效率之研究,分別以財務中介法與附加價值法選取投入產出變數,以資料包絡分析法衡量產險公司之經營效率,並以Tobit迴歸分析公司型態、再保險比率、資產規模與產品集中度四項因素對效率值之影響,樣本期間自1988年至2004年,共17年。 效率值之逐年變動狀況顯示本國公司在財務中介法的效率值長期不如外商公司,且有逐年降低的趨勢;附加價值法則是外商公司逐漸追上本國公司。 Tobit迴歸分析顯示再保險之使用弊多於利,產險公司應加強核保,在承保能量範圍內盡量降低再保險之使用。產險公司應擴大規模,同時亦應積極開拓保險市場、加強投資,提高投資報酬率與資產報酬率。最後,產險公司應思考本身的優勢,集中經營某幾項險種,累積相關知識及經驗,以增進效率。
338

投資抵減與企業經營績效間之關聯性研究

鄭惠方, Cheng,Hui-Fang Unknown Date (has links)
政府為了提升國家及產業的競爭力,特制定租稅獎勵法規以獎勵投入研發與設備、技術改良之產業與企業,而其中最具代表性的租稅獎勵法規即為「促進產業升級條例」。「產升條例」自施行以來已損失鉅額稅收,尤其「產升條例」中第六條的投資自動化機器設備、研究發展、人才培訓之投資抵減項目,該項目之抵減稅額約占總抵減稅額的百分之三十,堪稱是最重要的租稅獎勵措施,因此本研究特以「產升條例」第六條之投資抵減為研究範圍,以探討政府所提供的投資抵減租稅獎勵政策對於提升企業的經營績效是否有具體影響? 本研究以民國87年度至93年度之上市櫃電子及電機公司為研究對象,採用資料包絡分析方法計算效率值,再以是否取得投資抵減為分類,運用單變項無母數方法檢定效率值,比較有無投資抵減與經營績效之間的差異,最後以Tobit迴歸控制各項公司特性與總體產業因素進一步探討投資抵減對企業經營效率之影響。 本研究實證結果發現,不論是電子業或電機業,均顯示投資抵減政策確實使得公司降低成本,但是未能明顯提升公司的技術效率。在Tobit迴歸分析中的電子業部分,實證結果顯示投資抵減並不是提升公司經營效率的關鍵影響因素,若公司過於依賴租稅減免,反而不利於改進其成本效率;在電機業部分,實證結果顯示投資抵減獎勵沒有達成政府預期的效果,因此電子業與電機業有同樣之現象:企業過度依賴租稅減免,而未致力於技術水準之提升。 / In order to strengthen the competitiveness of the nation and industries, the government has instituted the related regulations to stimulate the R&D input, equipment investment, and technology improvement of companies. One of the most representative regulations is “Statute for Upgrading Industries,” especially the Article six of which, the most important tax measure, referring to invest in automatic equipment, R&D, and personnel training and resulting in huge number of losses of tax revenue. The number of investment credit against tax in accordance with the Article six accounts for thirty percent of the total investment tax credit. Therefore, the Article six of “Statute for Upgrading Industries” is chosen as the research topic of this thesis. The research goal is to review whether corporate operating efficiencies are influenced concretely by this tax measures. We sample the several listed companies in the electric industry and in the electrical machinery industry as our research targets, and choose DEA to calculate the efficiencies of companies classified by the applicability of investment tax credit. Finally, we utilize statistical methods to research the relationship between investment tax credit and corporate efficiencies. In our empirical study, we find that the companies, in both electric industry and electrical machinery industry, eligible for investment tax credit, have higher allocation efficiency, but those unqualified for investment tax credit have higher cost efficiency and pure technical efficiency. This result indicates that the policy of investment tax credit is able to help companies reduce costs, but is unable to improve their technical efficiencies.
339

台灣TFT-LCD大尺寸液晶面板廠商研發效率與影響因子分析

謝榮明 Unknown Date (has links)
本篇主要是研究大型TFT-LCD產業的研發活動進行效率分析的論文,本研究採取二階段的方法來對大型TFT-LCD產業進行分析,研究期間為2001~2003年,第一階段採用資料包絡分析法(Data Envelopment Analysis;DEA),其產出項為專利件數,其投入項為研發人力,研發資本,一般研究TFT-LCD的經營績效都以研發費用當作投入,而本研究以研發效率為為討論對象,研發資本當作投入,為其特殊之處。 第二階段以Tobit回歸分析找出可能影響研發活動的影響因子,發現影響大型TFT-LCD研發的因子有碩士以上研發人員(R&D)占研發人員比例、研發人員年約收入高低、研發人員平均年資、專利累積數量、專利數量變化量不同會影響技術效率。 實驗結果發現友達的整體相對效率、研發績效、規模效率皆為1為最有效率的廠商,這也印證友達能在世界TFT-LCD占據第三名的地位;友達是連續三年總體及技術效率被評估為最有效率廠商;廣輝在技術相對效率是相當好且穩定的公司,而在營收表現也逐年進步;瀚宇彩晶在整體效率、技術效率、及規模效率是逐年下滑的,而營收表現也不佳;華映則是整體相對效率、技術效率逐年改善。 研究也發現公司規模、技術移轉費用的多寡並不影響研發效率,因此並不是買技術就可提昇研發能力,最根本還是要從資源妥善運用及管理。 關鍵字:研發資本、研發人力、資料包絡分析法、TFT-LCD
340

金控與非金控銀行經營績效影響因素之探討 / An Investigation of the Performance of Financial Holding and Non-Financial Holding Banks

陳添智, Chen, Tien-Chih Unknown Date (has links)
我國自民國90年11月「金融控股公司法」制定公佈施行以來,已核准設立14家金融控股公司,初步完成建構金融跨業經營目標,然嶄新的金融控股公司型態是否能產生預期綜合效益,在金控公司成立屆滿3年之際,實有必要對其投資主體事業-「銀行」之經營績效進行實證瞭解。本論文以94年底45家本國銀行為研究對象,以金控公司成立前後各推3年為資料涵蓋期間,運用資料包絡分析法(data envelopment analysis,簡稱DEA)及Tobit截斷迴歸模型,分別從全體銀行及金控公司旗下銀行二大群組角度,探討金控公司成立對銀行經營績效的影響。 實證發現:本國銀行平均技術效率水準介於56.81%~85.86%間,代表銀行投入資源使用效率仍待改善,其技術無效率來源主要應歸因於資源浪費造成的純技術無效率,各銀行技術效率水準存在明顯差異,且多數非處於最適規模階段經營;金控銀行平均規模效率水準在金控公司成立前後均高於非金控銀行,顯示金控銀行先天在經營規模上即較具效率;銀行加入金控公司後平均技術效率水準明顯提升,且提升幅度高於非金控銀行;銀行透過業務分散、加入金控公司、擴增分行家數、降低逾放比率等經營策略,均有助提高技術效率;銀行公股比率與逾放覆蓋率高低,對技術效率影響效果,視時空環境因素及銀行經營策略而異,銀行資產市占率高低對技術效率的影響,統計解釋上並無顯著性;金控公司透過分散銀行子公司業務、積極整合金控資源、納入保險子公司、增加銀行子公司資產市場占有率等策略,將有助提升銀行子公司技術效率水準。

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