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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

金融控股公司之風險管理與資本配置

謝 俊, Chun Hsieh Unknown Date (has links)
鑒於金融機構跨業經營乃係現況發展趨勢,而風險管理已成為金融機構業務管理之首務,本研究將探討國際金融機構風險管理的新規範-新版巴賽爾資本協定(Basel II),並蒐集民國八十三年六月至民國九十二年三月我國上市公司公開發行之財務資訊,分別以商業銀行、證券公司、人壽保險公司、產物保險公司及票券公司為代表,模擬為金融控股公司下之各個子公司,將結合營運性、風險性、及法令為考量之資本配置模型;進一步探討金融控股公司之風險管理與資本配置。 歸納模擬結果如下: 以營運性為考量並配合法令要求之資本配置,此配置模型係在設定盈餘目標下,追求風險極小值,或設定風險容忍水準,以追求盈餘之極大值。經過目標值的變動下,此最適化模型可得一效率前緣曲線。由此效率前緣圖可知,在盈餘維持在平均盈餘水準下,此模型可使風險值由原來的8,860佰萬元降至7,045佰萬元,其降幅為20%,RAROC由原來的0.77升至0.97,升幅為25%;若固定風險值在原來未分配前的平均水準,則盈餘由先前的7,681佰萬元提升至8,821佰萬元,其提升幅度為14%,RAROC由原來的0.77提升至0.90,提升幅度為16%,亦相當可觀。若將資本維持在歷史平均水準,則可使其盈餘達到7,305佰萬元,而風險值為6,446佰萬元,RAROC為1.00,升幅為29%。據此推論,依此配置模型分配結果,將可改善整體金融控股公司之經營績效。 綜合營運性、風險性並考量法令要求之資本分配模型,納入了風險限制條件,主要係考量高風險之業務,須有高資本以因應其非預期性損失,但同時為兼顧經營績效,必須在營運性與風險性間求得平衡點;實證結果發現,受到風險性限制條件的影響,使得此條效率前緣曲線均落在以營運性為考量資本配置模型之下方,這代表的是在此模型下,無法達到較高之盈餘,原因來自於高盈餘伴隨著高風險,但高風險在此配置模型中是不允許的。惟此模型依然有提升整體經營績效的功能。例如,將盈餘目標設為原來的7,681佰萬元,則風險值降為7,601佰萬元,降幅約14%,RAROC也提升至0.90,升幅為16%;若資本維持在平均水準177,185佰萬元,則盈餘可達到5,802佰萬元,風險值則為4,528佰萬元,RAROC為1.09,較原先高出41%。 / As cross business managing is the modern development trend and risk management has been the first task for the financial institutions, this study attempts to analyze the new standard of the international financial institutions’ risk management – new Basel II. The data concerning business operations, risks, regulations from June 1992 to March 2003 are collected for each group of commercial banks, security houses, life insurance companies, non-life insurance companies, bill finance companies to build a capital allocation model. The financial holding companies’ risk management and capital allocation is further discussed. The results of this study are summarized as follows: The capital allocation model considers business operations and regulations. This allocation model sets up profit target, seeks minimum risk or sets up level of risk tolerance to seek maximum profit. After the variable target, the suitable model can get a efficient frontier curve. From this curve we find out that the profit maintains under the average profit level. The model can make Value-at-Risk reduce from 8,860 million to 7,045 million, down 20%, RAROC rise from 0.77 to 0.97, up 25%; if the fixed Value-at-Risk is before distributing, the profit will rise from 7,681 mission to 8,821 million, up 14%, RAROC will rise from 0.77 to 0.90, up 16%, still outstanding. If the capital remains at historical average level, then the profit can reach 7,305 million, and the Value-at-Risk is 6,446 million, RAROC is 1.00, up 29%. According to the inference, the distributing result of the allocation model can improve the operation performance of the financial holding company. The capital allocation model synthesize operation, risk and consider legal requirement, bring into the restriction of risk is to consider high risky business should have high capital to deal with unexpected loss, but also to consider operation performance, need to seek balance between operation and risk; From the result of this study finds that under risk restriction, the efficient frontier curve is within the capital allocation model which considers operation, this means under the model, higher profit is hard to achieve, the reason is high profit accompanies high risk, and high risk is prohibited from the model. But this model still has the function to approve whole operation performance. For example, if the profit target is 7,681 million as original, the Value-at-Risk will reduce to 7,601 million, down 14%, RAROC will rise to 0.90, up 16%; if the capital remains at the average level’s 177,185 million, the profit can reach 5,802 million, the Value-at-Risk is 4,528 million and RAROC is 1.09, up 41%.
22

銀行信用風險管理資訊架構之探討

吳明憲 Unknown Date (has links)
銀行風險管理架構的建立必須與銀行的經營管理相結合,如資產品質管理、資本分配、績效評估與發展策略等。面臨新的風險管理觀念與架構趨勢,銀行的資訊系統也必須做結構化的調整,以有效支援銀行風險控管的決策與執行。 本研究以銀行信用風險管理整合需求為出發點來推導信用風險管理資訊架構: 一、銀行信用風險管理資料蒐集、風險量化與驗證、風險監控與審核, 必須建立資訊運作流程。 二、因應系統平台的多元性,銀行必須建置整合性信用風險控管系統, 以建立即時監控風險機制。 三、風險預警機制與風險定價決策支援整合至現有銀行資訊系統。 四、建立資本配置與績效衡量決策支援與管理系統,以建立風險與績 效之連結機制,提升銀行經營績效。
23

導入資料採礦技術於中小企業營造業信用風險模型之建置 / Establishment of credit risks model for the construction industry of the SMEs with data mining techniques

謝欣芸, Hsieh, Shin-Yun Unknown Date (has links)
為了符合國際清算銀行在 2006 年通過的新巴賽爾資本協定,且有鑑於近年 來整體經濟環境欠佳,銀行業者面對外部的規定以及內部的需求,積極地尋求 信用風險模型的建置方法,希望將整個融資的評等過程系統化以提高對信用風 險的控管。 本研究希望利用 92 至94 年未上市上櫃中小企業之營造業的資料,依循新 巴賽爾資本協定之規定並配合資料採礦的技術,擬出一套信用風險模型建置與 評估的標準流程,其中包含企業違約機率模型以及信用評等系統的建置,前者 能預測出授信戶的違約情形以及違約機率;後者則是能利用前者的分析結果將 授信戶分成數個不同的等級,藉此區別授信戶是否屬於具有高度風險的違約授 信戶,期待能提供銀行業者作為因應新巴賽爾協定中內部評等法的建置,以及 中小企業的融資業務上內部風險管理的需求一個參考的依據。 研究結果共選出 5 個變數作為企業違約機率模型建立之依據,訓練資料以 及原始資料的AUC 分別為0.799 以及0.773,表示模型能有效的預測違約機率 並判別出違約授信戶以及非違約授信戶。接著,經過回顧測試與係數拔靴測試, 證實本研究的模型具有一定的穩定性。另外,透過信用評等系統將所有授信戶 分為8 個評等等級,並藉由等級同質性檢定以及敏感度分析的測試,可以驗證 出本研究之評等系統具有將不同違約程度的授信戶正確歸類之能力。最後,經 由轉移矩陣可以發現,整體而言,營造業在2003 年到2005 年間的表現有逐漸 好轉的趨勢,與營造業實際發展情形相互比較之下,也確實得到相互吻合的結 論。 / In order to conform to the New Basel Capital Accord passing in 2006 by the Bank for International Settlements and due to the slump faced by economies globally and the rise in the number of defaulters in the recent years, the banking industry has aggressively looked for ways to establish the reliable credit risk model that can accommodate required regulations set forth by the Accord as well as the internal banking procedure demands. The banking industry attempts to standardize the process of evaluating credit rating in regards to capital risk in the loan business to enhance the control of credit risks. The attempt of this research is to perform the process of the establishment and evaluation of the credit risk model which includes the default risk model of companies and the credit rating system within the framework of the New Basel Capital Accord using the statistical tool known as data mining. The data adopted in this study is taken from the construction industry of the SMEs from 2003 to 2005. The default risk model assesses the probability whether a company is at risk of being defaulted. In addition the credit rating system assigns credit scores to a company in question based on the application result from the default risk model to differentiate those who have high risk of being defaulted. More importantly this research provides banking industry of varying degrees of complexity to monitor its risk assessment as well as becoming a reference basis of the loan business in the SMEs. Based on the result of this study, five variables are selected as the default probability model basis. The AUC for the training data is 0.799 and for the raw data is 0.773 which represents the accuracy and reliability of the model in predicting the probability of default risk and determining the likelihood of the companies to default. After series of testing, our model stability plays a key role in determining whether the algorithm produces an optimal model in this study. The credit rating system formulates credit scores of the companies into 8 credit ratings. Applying homogeneity test and sensitive analysis, this study is able to verify the validity and accuracy of the rating system to correctly classify different levels of credit risk that could have jeopardized the companies to default. Finally, through the transformation matrix, there has been an improvement trend of performance in the construction industry from 2003 to 2005 which coincides with the result of this study.
24

資料採礦應用於中小企業服務業信用風險模型建置

謝尚文 Unknown Date (has links)
2008年,美國華爾街危機影響全球金融市場,即使美國擬出許多救市計畫,全球股市依舊暴跌。在此危機衝擊下,各大金融機構不但利潤下滑,且資產減記和信貸損失也愈來愈嚴重。造成此一現象的主因即是次級房貸的影響,次級房貸主要是針對收入低、信用不佳卻需要貸款購屋的民眾,這類客戶通常借貸不易,倘若銀行內部沒有完善的評等機制那放款則需承受較大的違約風險。為因應此趨勢,本研究以台灣未上市中小企業為實例,資料的觀察期間為2003至2005年,透過資料採礦流程,建構企業違約風險模型及其信用評等系統。 本研究分別利用羅吉斯迴歸、類神經網路、和分類迴歸樹三種方法建立模型並加以評估比較其預測能力。發現羅吉斯迴歸模型對於違約戶的預測能力及有效性皆優於其他兩者,並選定為本研究之最終模型,並對選定之模型作評估及驗證,發現模型的預測能力表現尚屬穩定,確實能夠在銀行授信流程實務中加以應用。 / In 2008, the financial crisis on Wall Street had severe impacted the global economy. Although the US government has drawn up regulatory policies in an attempt to save the stock market, the value of global stock market has shrunk drastically. As such, the profits of many financial institutes’ have not only plunged, their value of assets have decreased while loss related to mortgage became more severe. The main cause behind this global phenomenon can be attributed to the effect of subprime mortgages. Subprime mortgages are mainly aimed at consumers who have low income and poor credit history but wish to purchase homes through the means of mortgage. These consumers usually find it difficult to obtain mortgage loans. If banks do not have a well structured evaluation system, they would have to bear more risks in the case of a default. To better understand this trend, this research chooses middle and small private enterprises as its samples. The period of observation is 2003 to 2005. Using the data mining process, this research builds a model that shows the risk associated with contract failure and credit score system. The research builds a model based on logistic regression, Neural Network, and cart to compare and contrast each of the three model’s ability to predict. The result shows that logistic regression is better at predicting defaults and is more effective than the other two models. The research, therefore, concludes logistic regression model as the research’s final model to study and evaluate. In process, the research result demonstrates that the logistic regression model makes more precise prediction and its prediction is fairly stable. Logistic regression model is capable for banks to employ in performing credit check.
25

由新巴塞爾資本協定探討銀行市場風險管理系統之建置與應用 / A Study on the Construction and Implementation of A Bank Market Risk System under Basel II

陳星宏, Chen,hsing hung Unknown Date (has links)
鑒於金融市場快速的變動與日趨複雜之金融商品種類,銀行經營管理中所面臨之風險,尤以因金融市場價格變動(如市場利率、匯率、股價及商品價格之變動)造成對銀行資產負債表內及表外部位可能產生之損失,其所因應而生之市場風險須及時管控與適時因應。然而2007年因次級房貸問題引發全球性金融危機,益加彰顯風險管理制度的重要性與其再精進之處。 本研究期能藉由新巴塞爾資本協定中市場風險管理規範的探討,個案銀行之實例探究,對國內銀行在建構符合其需要的市場風險管理系統時有所助益,在建置市場風險管理系統的考量因素以及該系統的建置與應用,循序周全建構質化與量化標準之風險管理機制。 本研究由新巴塞爾資本協定規範探討銀行市場風險管理系統建置與其實際應用,歸納出研究結論顯示,市場風險管理系統架構之依循須能符合新巴塞爾資本協定之基本規範,藉由系統內建模型計算風險值以有效衡量交易簿與銀行簿之部位,及其利率、權益證券、外匯及商品四大類風險因子。市場風險管理系統需求規畫與評估,須就應用面(系統相關模組功能)、資料面(系統執行所需資料及存取介面、資料庫建置及資料完整性)與技術面(系統運作之軟體與硬體環境)予以考量。系統專案建置須有高階管理階層對市場風險管理系統專案相關執行程序的支持,前檯、中檯、後檯、資訊單位主管之配合與溝通協調。市場風險管理系統架構應考量市場風險限額管理須至各交易層級(如總行別、部門單位別、交易簿與銀行簿產品別等),因此系統功能模組設定與管理報表規畫設計則配合系統架構分級建立。市場風險管理制度之建立,應配合市場風險管理系統之應用與管理流程結合,訂定相關管理辦法,以規範市場風險管控機制運作及程序之確實執行。 關鍵字:新巴塞爾資本協定、市場風險、衍生性金融商品、風險值 / Recently, financial market is changed quickly and types of product are more and more complicated. Operation of Bank faces many risks that are losses of in or out balance sheet by price moving. Therefore, we need to manage and monitor the market risks that result from change in interest rate, exchange rate, equity price, commodity price in the time. In 2007, global financial crisis caused by subprime mortgage storm stands out the importance of risk management and needs of improving it. On one hand, this research hopes to benefit banks to build up its market risk system satisfied the need by discussing market risk management under Basel II and looking into case study on the bank. While constructing the system, we have to pay attention to its practicability which meets standards of quantification and quality. On the other hand, this research discusses system built up and reality applying through Basel II and indicates some useful conclusion. At first, market risk system not only meets mainly criteria under Basel II but creats the value at risk (VaR) which can effectively estimate interest rate, securities, foreign exchange and commodities risks.Secondly, technology of applying, data and information should be considered into when evaluating the demands of market risk management system. Moreover, risk system constructed needs support from senior management team and cooperation between relative departments. Besides, we need to take into account whether this mentioned system can implement market risk limit management to every transaction class, for example, trading books ,banking books, product type…etc.The system function and the management reports could be able to operate with the market risk limit management, accordingly. Most of all, market risk management regulation should be thought over the application and management process of market risk management system to make sure that market risk management could be implemented certainly. Keywords: New Basel Capital Accord, Market Risk, Derivatives,Value at Risk
26

從巴塞爾資本協定三之觀點探討銀行資產配置與結構調整 / A Study of Bank Asset Allocation and Structure Adjustment under Basel III

施佳妤 Unknown Date (has links)
巴塞爾銀行監督委員會(Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, BCBS) 於2010年發布巴塞爾資本協定三。為強化銀行流動性風險管理,新增兩項流動性風險量化衡量指標:流動性覆蓋比率(Liquidity Coverage Ratio, LCR)以及淨穩定資金比率(Net Stable Funding Ratio, NSFR)。我國於2015年開始將流動性覆蓋比率納入監管要求,亦將於2018年開始導入淨穩定資金比率。然而在提高銀行風險控管及標準的同時,銀行需考量其股東權益報酬。新規範的實施使銀行需要進行調整以符合法規,過往鮮少有研究針對本國銀行探討其資產配置調整與結構調整。本研究除探討個案銀行如何在巴塞爾資本協定三框架下調整其資產負債配置與結構,更進一步探討其各項調整對銀行之獲利能力以及各項法定比率之影響,希望能幫助銀行在未來調整結構之前能更了解其決策所帶來之影響。 本研究發現,在不提高資產負債表規模的情況下,可以透過銀行結構調整達到巴塞爾資本協定三於2019年之標準,同時提高銀行獲利能力;在適度提高資產負債表規模的情況之下,其獲利能力高於不提高資產負債表規模之情況。此外,本研究針對不同情境探討銀行應如何調整資產負債配置與銀行結構。風險趨避情境相較於風險偏好下,應在存放款方面,吸收更多長天期之存款、降低長期放款占比;資產配置方面則應增加政府公債占比。由於巴塞爾資本協定三採階段性實施,本研究針對個案銀行2015到2019 年之資產負債配置與銀行結構做研究,發現個案銀行隨著法規越趨嚴格,應提高公司債占比並同時降低權益類等相對風險較高之資產占比;另一方面為達到淨穩定資金比率要求,銀行應提高其長期存款占比。最後,本研究針對各項結構與資產負債配置調整做更深入的分析,探討其對於各項指標之敏感度,以實際的量化數字表示每項變動的影響,以利銀行在做決策時更了解其決策之利與弊。 / Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) released Basel III in 2010. In order to ensure the maintenance and stability of funding and liquidity profiles of banks’ balance sheets, two liquidity standards, Liquidity Coverage Ratio(LCR) and Net Stable Funding Ratio(NSFR), were introduced in Basel III. To in line with international norm, Taiwan government plans to implement LCR and NSFR in 2015 and 2018 respectively. However, there is a trade-off between return and risk. With the implement of new law, how to adjust banks’ asset allocation becomes a critical issue. In this study, we focus on business structure and ways to adjust A bank’s asset allocation. We found that A bank can meet government’s requirements and increase it’s return on equity without increasing balance sheet size by adjusting business structure; In the situation where balance sheet size is increased, A bank can meet the requirements with higher return on equity than where the balance sheet size isn’t increased. In three different scenarios: risk seeking, risk neutral and risk aversion, we found that A bank should increase more long-term deposits and decrease long-term loans in risk aversion scenario than in risk seeking scenario. In risk aversion scenario, A bank should also hold more government bonds than in risk seeking scenario. From 2015 to 2019, the requirements become stricter and stricter, A bank should hold more corporate bonds and less securities. At the same time, A bank should increase more long-term deposits to meet the NSFR requirement. The research also shows how business structure and asset allocation changes can affect A bank’s related required ratio and return on equity. Our findings can help A bank makes more precise decision by knowing actual quantitative influence before they implement the new policies.
27

我國票券金融公司符合BASELⅡ量化要求之比較研究-以華票為例

蕭長榮, Hsiao, Chang-Jung Unknown Date (has links)
本研究利用問卷方式及訪談蒐集票券金融公司符合新巴塞爾資本協議量化要求之風險管理制度及量化技術,首先就新舊巴塞爾資本協定對量化要求之演變做比較分析,再藉由相關文獻之搜集與探討,來了解風險管理制度之實務架構,就金融服務業經營業務所面臨風險之管理過程及各類風險衡量方式、理論及實務進展做探討。其次對票券金融公司經營概況及風險管理方式作敘述及說明。再次,將就國內票券金融公司自行掲露及評等機構揭露之風險管理制度、管理方式佐以訪談內容做研究,期以了解國內票券金融公司(含個案票券金融公司)風險管理現況及有待改善之處,俾供票券金融公司未來改善風險管理機制及量化技術符合新巴塞爾資本協議量化要求之參考。 華票因應Basel Ⅱ量化要求方面,簡言之,在風險管理制度上除未將風險與績效結合考量外,基本上已符合未來標準法所需之監理規定,但在量化技術上,信用風險之內部信用評等法尚無符合BASEL Ⅱ量化要求之方法學可與外部評等機構之評級作一合理對照,量化技術相當不足,目前擬先觀摩金融同業作法,再作改善,至於市場風險方面,目前評價進度除有市價依市價者外,不具高度流動性現貨商品而無市價者,係採具流動性債券之市場利率,依被評價債券之屬性酌予對信用風險及流動性風險加碼,或以插補法方式估算後反推其市價;對於衍生性及結構性金融商品,現況下並無能力逐一合理評價,目前正委由業界專家培訓中,最終仍希望能以風險值法來估算整體交易之VaR值,但預估最快在一、二年之後才有建置之可能。流動性風險之衡量及監控上尚符Basel Ⅱ要求之內涵,但與作業風險一樣,均欠缺更進階之量化技術,有待加強。 多數票券金融公司在走向風險量化之實際運作前,仍存在下列主要缺失: 1.在符合新巴塞爾資本協定信用風險之量化要求方面:部分票券金融公司雖已建立集團企業及個別授信戶之內部信用評等等級,但此內部評等等級設計背後之方法學未見揭露,該等級之違約機率、違約風險額、違約損失率之資料,除中國信託票正配合其母金控公司積極蒐集外,各家票券金融公司均尚未有系統之蒐集及整理,不符合新巴塞爾資本協定量化要求。違約機率、違約損失率及違約曝險額等資料庫之蒐集不易或有所欠缺也是原因之一。 2.在市價評估方面,釘住市價是估算金融性交易部位未實現損益之基石。部份票券金融公司坦承在衍生性商品之評價及量化技術上並不高明,但也不願意隨意購置套裝軟體,因為外購軟體無法取得程式原始碼,對該套裝軟體之設計原理無從了解,更無從指出有無瑕疵。但也有部分業者,傾向購置軟體解決燃眉之急但對於評價合理性並無十足把握,唯一好處是相關參數之說明可獲軟體廠商之支援,較易取得監理機關之認可。部分票券金融公司目前店頭市場金融商品之評價,如:除利率交換、債券選擇權係購買套裝軟體使用外,很多均無法透過套裝軟體評價者,均洽由交易對手或委由評價能力較成熟之券商或銀行提供,這也曝露票券金融公司評價能力不足之缺失,易使交易對手賺取評價能力不足之價差。 3.在選擇權市場風險之量化計算上,目前票券金融公司都採標準法中之簡易法,而居於交易商之立場,對選擇權之多空部位均有涉入,選擇權交易金額早已超出或迫近監理機關須提升量化技術之要求,故最近有不少票券金融公司擬改採Delta-plus法,但只有一家花費半年時間才獲監理機關同意,且該票券公司係使用路透社kondor+軟體,由此可見票券金融公司欠缺風險量化人才及量化技術之嚴重性。 4.在量化下方市場風險方面,如VaR模型之建置,也發現採用自有模型法,在估計市場風險,須符合監理機關所謂的「質的標準」、「量的標準」、「市場風險因子(參數)之規格」等之規定。顯然,此類量化技術須由前、中、後檯人員與資訊人員共同合作方能達成,也亟須量化人才方能協助完成。 5.欠缺資本配置與績效評估管理:各票券金融公司現行風險管理制度除前述在衡量信用、市場風險之量化模型方法上都未揭露,並不符合量化管理之潮流趨勢外,對於績效之衡量亦未提及。 6.部份票券金融公司尚未設有專責風險管理單位,交易人員與風險人員尚未分離,這也不符新巴塞爾資本協議量化要求之精神。 針對票券金融公司風險管理制度並未能符合新巴塞爾資本協定量化要求之缺失提出建議如后: 1.建議應建置獨立運作執行的風險管理部門,最好直接隸屬於董事會,以符合新巴塞爾資本協定量化要求之精神。或由最高管理階層負責或指派具代表性人員〈如總經理〉統籌建置整體風險管理制度,宣示或凸顯董事會或最高管理階層之高度重視。 2.建議可由董事會在風險管理制度中加入落日條款,明訂一定期間後須採行某一量化風險之方法及曝險量化資訊,以迫使各票券公司經理部門朝此目標努力。 3.交易部門及風險管理部門須自行培養或擁有高素質專業人才,最好具有財務工程或財務金融背景,並能自行撰寫簡單程式之人才,方能確實掌握可能的之風險,不致因誤用模型或不瞭解模型之限制而誤算或錯誤評價。 4.建議集全體票券金融公司之力,相互交換個別違約資訊及已公開之財務資訊,擴大樣本庫,減少建置成本,共同發展基本之信用風險量化方法或模型,再自行依個別需求加以擴展。同理,亦可運用於市場風險值之量化,集眾人之力,可節省建置及學習之成本、期間,共同培養及提升量化能力。 5.建議全體票券金融公司宜儘速在風險管理制度加入績效之衡量,落實風險調整後之績效管理,藉以協助票券金融公司有效配置各風險產生單位之風險資本。 6.為配合量化資訊之建置,建議票券金融公司應檢視目前之軟、硬體資訊系統是否足以確保並滿足未來可能的風險管理功能之需求,預作必要之更新規畫。 7.建議可由票券公會出面或透過台灣金融研訓院或證券期貨基金會邀請金融商品評價之學者或專家指導,當可提升整體票券金融公司之金融商品合理評價能力。 為符合新巴塞爾資本協定之量化要求,對監理機關的建議如後: 1.建請監理機關儘速提供業界致力於量化風險管理之誘因,如允諾開放具有利基性之新種業務供有能力可進行量化風險管理之票券金融公司承作,當可以鼓勵業者提升量化技術。 2.透過票券金融公會出面,根據各票券公司之共同實際需求,延聘具專精量化技術之博士及學者或專家與業者合作,由淺而深的實地建置或共同開發不同風險之基本量化模型,再由個別業者針對其不同風險管理需求自行擴展該基本模型,全面提升票券金融公司之量化技術,既可節省成本,亦可在實作中培養風險量化人才。 3.為要求業者加強揭露其風險管理資訊,應比照93年版之「銀行年報應記載事項準則」之第7、8及21條之相關規定,修訂「票券金融公司年報應記載事項準則」,詳實揭露其質化及量化之風險管理資訊,間接促使各票券金融公司提高其風險管理透明度,激發量化技術落後之票券業者力求改善,進而提升整體票券金融公司之量化風險管理能力。 4.為協助票券金融公司盡速向監理機構申請運用進階之市場內部模型法及信用內部評等法,監理機構應與票券金融公司共同參予研討,縮短認知差距,明確規定監理評估各項不同風險進階法量化之審理標準,供業界朝此目標努力。
28

BASEL II 與銀行企業金融授信實務之申請進件模型

陳靖芸, Chen,Chin-Yun Unknown Date (has links)
授信業務是銀行主要獲利來源之一,隨著國際化趨勢以及政府積極推動經濟自由,國內金融環境丕變,金融機構之授信業務競爭日漸激烈,加上近年來國內經濟成長趨緩,又於千禧年爆發本土性金融風暴,集團企業財務危機猶如骨牌效應ㄧ樁接ㄧ樁,原因在於大企業過度信用擴張,過高槓桿操作,導致負債比率上升,面臨償債困難;還有銀行對企業放款之授信審核常有大企業不會倒閉之迷思。故如何找出企業財務危機出現之徵兆,及早防範於未然,將是本研究在建立企業授信之申請進件模型的重點之ㄧ。 此外,2002年新修定的巴塞爾資本協定主在落實銀行風險管理,國際清算銀行決定於2006年正式實行新巴塞爾協定,我國修正的「銀行資本適足性管理辦法」自民國九十五年十二月三十一日起實施,故本國銀行需要依據本身的商品特色、市場區隔、客戶性質、以及經營方式與理念等因素,去建制一套適合自己的內部風險評估系統。故本研究第二個重點即在於依據我國現有法令,做出一個符合信用風險基礎內部評等法要求之申請進件模型。 本研究使用某銀行有財務報表之企業授信戶,利用財報中的財務比率變數建立模型。先使用主成分分析將所有變數分為七大類,分別是企業之財務構面、經營能力、獲利能力、償債能力、長期資本指標、流動性、以及現金流量,再進行羅吉斯迴歸模型分析。 / Business loan is one of the main profits in the bank. But increasing business competition causes the loan process in the bank is not very serious, the bankers allow enterprise to expand his credit or has higher debt ratio, that would cause financial crises. The first point in this study is to find the symptom when enterprise has financial crises. The second point is that under the framework of New Basel Capital Accord〈Basel II〉, we try to build an application model that committed the domestic requirements. The bank should develop the fundamental internal rating-based approach that accords with its strategy、market segmentation、and customers type. This research paper uses financial variables〈ex. liquid ratio、debt ratio、ROA、ROE、… 〉to build enterprise application model. We use the principle component analysis to separate different factors which affect loan process: financial facet、ability to pay、profitability、management ability、long-term index、liquidity、and cash flow. Then, we show the result about these factors in the logistic regression model.
29

新巴塞爾資本協定與衍生性金融商品操作影響本國銀行業經營效率之實證研究-應用資料包絡分析法 / Research for the efficiency in domestic banking industry with a view of regarding Basel II and derivatives products-An application of DEA approach

許郁甄 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,由於金融產業的進步與科技的日新月異,越來越多樣的衍生性金融商品被廣泛使用,此類具有高獲利高槓桿的金融商品固然有避險的功能,另一方面也提高了銀行業的經營風險。巴塞爾委員會有鑑於此,大幅更動了早期巴塞爾資本協定的內容,稱為Basel II。 Basel II 的資本適足管制雖能避免金融機構發生倒閉之危機,但卻也影響金融機構之產出結構及品質,改變了金融機構之效率表現,因此,瞭解 Basel II 對金融機構效率表現之影響程度是本文目的之ㄧ,此外,有鑑於衍生性金融商品的高風險特性,本研究也將此變數加入,探討此兩項變數對本國銀行經營效率的影響為何。 本研究以資本適足率與衍生性商品使用量作為外生變數,以國內32家銀行為樣本,利用民國九十七年底之資料,採取三階段資料包絡分析法探討此兩項變數對銀行經營績效的影響。首先求算第一階段效率值,接下來考量資料截斷的特性,採用 Tobit 迴歸模型,計算差額變數並做調整,在第三階段排除其影響力,使所有決策單位在同一起跑點上再進行效率評估。 實證結果發現,資本適足率對於銀行效率的影響是有利的,而衍生性金融商品使用量則為不利因素,第一階段與第三階段的效率值在利用Wilcoxon 符號等級檢定之後的結果顯示第一階段與第三階段的效率值分布在0.5%的顯著水準下是不相同的,可進一步推論資本適足率與衍生性金融商品的使用量對銀行經營效率的影響十分顯著。

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