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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

臺北市社區安全與隱私權問題之探討:以里鄰錄影監視系統為觀察焦點 / Research for Community Safety and Privacy Issues in Taipei:Focus on Neighborhood CCTV

陳碧蘭, Chen, Pi Lan Unknown Date (has links)
中文摘要 近年來治安問題日益受到重視,錄影監視系統之設置也成為改善治安的重要策略之一,臺北市里長以裝設錄影監視系統作為預防犯罪的重要政見,致里鄰監視器大幅成長甚至達全國之冠。里長無公權力且缺乏維管監視系統之專業力,為解決里辦公處設置之錄影監視系統大幅成長衍生纜線附掛凌亂、維修經費不足及隱私權等問題,臺北市政府決定整合並移轉警察局專業管理。 本研究以網絡政策治理的觀點分析臺北市錄影監視系統建置政策決策,探討里鄰錄影監視系統產生治安與資訊隱私難以兼顧之政策弔詭。個案聚焦於臺北市錄影監視系統之整合過程相關利害關係人意見,期能回顧建置過程相關問題並針對現況缺失提出改進之策。 本研究以立意抽樣的方式選定臺北市錄影監視系統整合期間實務運作者進行深度訪談,並蒐集官方機構有關臺北市錄影監視系統建置相關資料,兼採文獻分析法及個案研究法以取得描述性資料。研究主要目的包含:(1)探討臺北市里長建置管理錄影監視系統產生的問題;(2)探討臺北市錄影監視系統整合政策決策過程;(3)依據研究結果提供建置錄影監視系統相關建議及公部門如何與民力合作改善治安之未來方向。 研究結果如下:(1)人民重視治安甚於隱私;(2)里長沒有公權力不適合管理監視器;(3)里長建置之錄影監視系統機器老舊廠牌規格各異,警察局無法以接收方式整合;(4)新系統設置點位經警察局以治安專業評估,移轉過程難以配合里長一支換一支的期待;(5)利害關係人意見往往沒有那麼客觀;(6)警力有限民力無窮,以中長期而言整合社區資源結合民力協助警力為重要的未來方向。 而針對上述的研究發現,本研究提出三點建議:第一、維護治安應凝聚社區認同;第二、應加強風險管理及危機處理能力;第三、落實民間設置錄影監視系統之管理。 / Abstract Recently, the public security is a significant issue concerned by government. Setting the closed-circuit television (CCTV) system is one of the strategies for improving the public security. Village chiefs in Taipei have an important political view: To set neighborhood CCTV for crime prevention. As the result of that, the number of neighborhood CCTV in Taipei is the top in Taiwan. However, the village chiefs have neither public right nor the specialty for maintain the CCTV system. In order to conquer the problems: messy cables, lack of funds and privacy issues caused from the neighborhood CCTV, the Taipei City Government make a decision to shift the management rights to the police department. From my studies, I analyze the policy of Taipei CCTV and search for the community safety and privacy issues caused by the neighborhood CCTV. My research cases focused on the related-stakeholders’ opinions to the processing of Taipei CCTV integration. As we focus on that, we can propose better policies to improve the problems we have now. I chose purposive sampling as the way to select the workers in Taipei CCTV integration processing to have in-depth interviews. Moreover, I collected some information of Taipei CCTV from government resources and used literature review methodology with case review to have a descriptive research. The main propose of my studies including (1) To investigate the problems from the setting of CCTV by village chiefs. (2) To verify the processing of making Taipei CCTV integration policy. (3) To give some suggestions about how government and citizens work together to improve the community security in the future. Result as below: (1) Citizens thought security is more important than privacy. (2) Village chiefs aren’t suitable to manage the CCTV because they have no public right to do that. (3) It is difficult for police department to integrate the CCTV system because the monitors were old and the brands of CCTV were different. (4) The new CCTV system from police department is difficult to meet the every requirement from village chiefs. (5) The Opinions from related-stakeholders are not quite objective. (6) The number of police is limited. Thus, it is important to combine the citizen and police together to improve the public security. As follows, I have three recommendations. First, we need to agglomerate social identity to maintain the public security. Second, we need to improve the abilities on risk management and crisis handling. Third, we need to manage the setting of CCTV system.
32

使用本體論與規則執行企業隱私保護規範 / Using ontologies and rules to enforce enterprise privacy protection policies

郭弘毅, Guo, Hong Yi Unknown Date (has links)
在今日愈來愈普及的電子商務方面,客戶資料的搜集來源更加廣泛,對於個人資料外洩的影響將非常嚴重,可能帶來個人財務上或者公司信譽上的重大損失。本研究期望可以建構一個在企業內部(backbone)架構的環境中,透過語意網(Semantic Web)中的本體論(Ontology)和規則(Rule)的加入,希望實現具有語意的個人隱私保護規範架構,實現在語意層級上的隱私權政策安全控管。找出並且驗證以Ontologies+Rules為規範的表達與管理的架構的優勢,以確保各企業伺服器平台在收集客戶個人資料時能夠遵守最初協商後的承諾。最後本研究可以透過第三方平台的架構來加以落實個人資料的流通、分享、與保護。 / In today's increasingly popular e-commerce, ways to collect personal data of customers are is more extensive, and the impact of data disclosure will be very serious, maybe it will cost heavy losses on personal reputation or the credit of companies. We hope to build a in-house (backbone) structure of the environment through the semantic web in the ontology and rules, hoping for enabling the semantics of personal privacy protection normative framework to achieve the privacy policy on the security control. We will identify and verify Ontologies + Rules to regulate the expression of the advantages of the structure and management to ensure that the enterprise platform servers will obey the usage of personal data after their initial consultation commitment. Finally, we propose a third-party platform to enforce data sharing and protection of personal data.
33

政府機關提高隱私保護信任機制之研究-以金融監理為例 / A study on improving the trust mechanism of privacy protection in government agencies -a case of the financial supervision system

林占山 Unknown Date (has links)
個人資料保護係屬隱私權的範疇之一, 現代化政府不斷面臨內外在施政環境變遷的衝擊與挑戰,其中資訊科技的快速發展與廣泛運用,更直接衝擊著政府施政定位、服務範圍、運作模式及治理原則。現代化國家在思考打破施政的常規和舊制,面對資訊公開與行政效率要求下,走向電子化政府的道路,也就成為勢之所趨。但另一方面,資訊革命所帶來對隱私與個人資料保護的衝擊,亦較以往更為強烈而深刻。從許多文獻可得知為何民眾可能不信任政府的原因是多方面的,這些原因與他們個人資料安全、隱私權保護及完整性維護是息息相關連的。在政府努力發展電子化政府以便民眾享受其便利性的同時,如何建構政府機關及政府企業間之個人資料隱私保護電子治理機制及協同作業,以強化我國公共治理指標之政府效能、回應力及課責能力,確保個資的合理流通,並能兼顧隱私保護,提昇整體政府信任度,實為電子化政府對人民基本權利之保障及實踐「隱私保護」之重要課題。 新版《個人資料保護法》已於民國九十九年四月在立法院三讀通過,在新法實施後,將因擴大適用個資法之主體範圍,規範個人資料蒐集與處理程序,加重持有個資業者的保管責任,並調整資料外洩求償上限至二億元,預計將加重企業蒐集與利用個人資料的成本與相關責任。本研究之目的在於探討政府機關如何透過持續隱私保護IT治理框架及系統,設計有效的「行政程序控制」(administrative procedural control)、課責(Accountability)及透明(Transparency)機制進的定期公開與積極散佈。透過個人控制自己資訊應該如何被處理與使用的資訊自我控制(local control)權利,一方面提高了政府的施政透明度及政府課責,另一方面也增強隱私保護及人民信任度;同時並以金融監理體系為例,如何因應新版個資法的衝擊,有效的調整內部資料蒐集與資安控管流程,試圖以銀行業透過監理機制建構雛型,監督管理金融業之營運,以期能提供客戶最佳之服務,有效避免新個資法為金融機構帶來的營運風險,進而建議政府機關隱私保護之IT架構,冀能提供主動積極安全又便利之服務,以贏取國民對政府之信任與向心力。 / Personal data protection is one of the categories in privacy. Modern governments constantly face impacts and challenges of political environment changes internally and externally, which rapid developments and extensive applications of information technologies affect the government policy positioning, service ranges, operation modes, and governance principles directly. Modern countries are always thinking over to break routines and aged systems of administration. Under requirements of facing the information disclosure and the administration efficiency, it has become a potential of the trend towards the road of e-government. However, on the other hand, compares to impacts of privacy and personal data protection which have been brought about by the revolution of information, currently, it becomes more intense and profound than before. Many literatures reveal why civilians may not trust the government for reasons in multiple aspects which is related closely with their personal data security, privacy protection, and integrity maintenance. In the meantime, in order to strengthen our government performances of public governance indicators, responsiveness, and accountability for ensuring a reasonable flow of private data, taking into account of privacy protection, and enhancing the overall trust into government, government is striving to develop e-government for civilians’ ease to enjoy its convenience, and this is truly the important subject for e-government of how to construct e-governance mechanisms of personal data privacy and collaboration operations between government organizations internally and between government vs. business enterprises externally on the protection of civilians’ basic rights and the practice of "privacy protection”. The new version of “Personal Data Protection Act” has been passed after third reading by Legislative Yuan on April, 2010. After taking effective of this new law, due to the applicable main scope enlargement of Personal Data Protection Act, it regulates personal data collections and processing procedures, expends the custodial responsibility to dealers who own the personal data, and adjusts the limitation of penalty up to NTD$200 millions for data leakage, which expects to enlarge the cost and relative responsibilities to enterprises for collecting and using personal data. The object of this analysis is going to explore how government organizations go through IT government frameworks and systems of the consistent privacy protection to design effective “Administrative Procedural Control”, “Accountability”, and “Transparency” mechanisms for proceeding periodic disclosure and positive broadcast. Not only to increase the transparency of government administration and the government accountability, but also to enhance the privacy protection and the trust to civilians, through the right of information “Local Control”, individual controls over self own information which should be dealt with and used. Meanwhile, for example of governance system in financial industry, how to respond to the impact of the new version in Personal Data Protection Act to adjust internal data collections and information security control processes effectively, and try to build up the prototype through governance mechanisms in banking for supervising and managing operations of financial industry. Furthermore attempt providing clients with the best service to avoid operation risks effectively for financial institutions which are caused by the new version of Personal Data Protection Act, and then suggest the IT infrastructure of privacy protection for government organizations. Hope to be able to provide active, positive, safe, and convenient services for winning upon trust and cohesion from civilians to the government.
34

雲端運算法律問題之研究-以教育雲為例 / The legal issues of cloud computing:a case study of education cloud

鍾賢斌 Unknown Date (has links)
雲端運算的概念是Google執行長Eric Schmidt於2007年所提出,目前並無一個統一的說法。一般認為,雲端運算服務是藉由網路連線從遠端取得服務的資訊服務型態。在本地端資源有限的情況下,可透過網路取得遠方的運算資源。雲端運算對教育的影響,則是教育雲(Education Cloud)概念的產生。所謂教育雲,是應用雲端運算無限延展軟、硬體與儲存設備,把書包、教材、課堂測驗等對學生學習效果有顯著幫助的資訊放在雲端資料中心處理,透過雲端桌面服務的方式傳送給教師與學生。 本文以為,不論教育雲是由政府或私人部門所建置,將來勢必面臨相關法律問題,例如國際管轄權及準據法、民刑事責任之歸屬、資訊隱私權與個人資料保護、著作權法、公平交易法等問題,然而國內迄今仍欠缺相關探討文獻及案例,十分可惜,這也是本文的研究動機所在。本文嘗試提供個人淺見,期望能對雲端運算法律問題的探討貢獻一份心力。 本文第二章先就雲端運算的概念及分類作一簡單說明。其次,為了搶佔市場商機,許多IT廠商開始投入雲端運算的發展,並競相推出各式各樣的雲端運算產品和服務。本文將簡介一些和雲端運算相關的廠商及產品,讓讀者對雲端運算的發展現況及商業模式有初步了解。 本文第三章在說明教育雲的概念及發展現況,包含世界各國及我國教育雲的發展現況。本文所稱的教育雲,包含一切使用雲端運算技術的教育服務在內,包含電子教科書、數位學習、未來教室、雲端資料庫…等,不限於名稱上有標示教育雲的教育服務。 本文第四章在討論教育雲所可能面臨的相關法律問題,由於目前尚無具體案例事實發生,因此本文會先假設幾個案例,再藉由案例去討論教育雲的相關法律問題,讓讀者能簡單了解。隨著教育雲的持續發展,本文所假設的幾個案例將來都有可能發生,本文嘗試拋磚引玉,對相關法律爭議提出個人淺見,希望引發社會對雲端運算法律問題的討論。 本文第五章在討論雲端運算時代下的隱私權及個人資料保護。從網際網路時代走向雲端運算的發展趨勢,個人資訊隱私權被侵害的型態,或個人對隱私權的合理期待是否有別於過去,勢必會成為受關注的議題。在雲端運算時代,雖然使用者在網路上公私領域的界限逐漸模糊,使得對所謂合理隱私權的期待保護程度有所爭議。本文以為,回歸到最根本隱私權的核心概念,確保不受監視的個人自由,以保護個人的意志自主與根本尊嚴,屬於憲法保障的個人基本權利。另外本文也討論世界各國及我國對於個人資料保護的規定,及教育雲所面臨的資訊安全與個人資料保護問題。 為因應我國雲端運算產業未來發展,本文在第六章會檢討現行法規,並提出若干修法意見,供政策制定者、立法者做為將來修法參考。第七章則提出本文結論。
35

預防醫學大數據之法律研究:以「蒐集端」、「管理端」、「應用端」為中心 / Studies on the Legal Issues of Big Data for Preventive Medicine : Centered on Its Collection, Management and Application

楊現貴 Unknown Date (has links)
科技進步神速且日新月異,電腦大數據資訊的傳播與統計資料,可以與物聯網結合,方便消費者一系列之採購需求,各行各業也莫不受其恩賜,但同時可能讓個人隱私權的保密受到威脅。同理,今日預防醫學大數據比起傳統生物統計學,可以處理更多複雜的生物統計項目,包括昔日公共衛生之生物統計學所難以處理的複雜DNA序列,而加以收集、歸納、分析與應用於基因流行病學、癌症基因之篩選、個人化醫療的用藥、老人之長期照顧、孕婦產檢、新生兒疾病篩檢等,並且越來越蓬勃發展。 預防醫學大數據主要是由三種類型之電腦資訊所建構而成:(一)病歷,必須將紙本病歷之數據轉為電子檔案,才可能對於所收集之資料加以歸納分析,形成日後具備預知能力的大數據。(二)病患提供之DNA,收集病患提供之DNA亦可作成具有預測能力的大數據,應用於未來人類基因缺陷之篩檢或治療,以及提供個人化醫學更精準的治療。(三)傳染病之通報案件,作成預防醫學大數據以利於調查疫情,亦有釐清何種因素促成疫情擴散之能力,進而實施衛教宣導,讓民眾知道當地疫情狀況,並貢獻預防方法及加強自我保護。 因此,預防醫學大數據的DNA序列也涉及隱私權之保障,雖指紋、虹膜與DNA序列皆可用來辨識個人身份,對尋人偵辦法律案件皆有幫助,但唯獨DNA序列可用於大眾疾病之預測以及個人化醫學之預防與治療,是人類生物辯識系統中可謂重中之重,不僅可以依此DNA序列尋人辦案,更可以評估個人健康狀況與未來壽命,具備有「預測能力」。因此,不論病患日後之求職履歷或投保,皆可能因DNA序列之外洩,而遭遇到主管的監督或審核者的排斥。將來病患對DNA序列所要求的保密程度會因此更加嚴謹,使得原先醫病之間的隱私權關係,提昇到另一更高的層次。 整個預防醫學大數據基因庫之建立如同水壩,在研發基因庫的單位當然希望「上游」的自願者欲提供自身之DNA人數,可以源源不絕,以增大基因庫的量,期待有更多新的發現。因此,基因庫之「蒐集端」應該以其他國家建立基因庫建置前之規劃或與民眾有公開且相互瞭解之溝通,來進行研討。在「中游」之「管理端」,著重資料之保密與更新,遇到「選擇退出」的民眾,則必須將選擇退出之民眾資料徹底銷毀。如果保密工作未做好,不但自願者會減少,甚至會影響已經參與者繼續參加之意願,正如同水壩有管理上之缺口,容易潰堤。至於「下游」之「應用端」須考慮DNA用於病患篩檢結果,是否影響其日後生活與人際關係。 不論「蒐集端」之提供者對收集者之無私供出自身病歷與DNA資料;「管理端」之對已經提供巨量自願者的DNA的資料,於固定時間與自願者的日常習慣、作息或歷年來的病歷記錄作交叉比對,經常年累月之採取自願者的DNA與更新的日常習慣或最新之病歷記錄作交叉比對,如此不斷更新(up-date)來取得統計學上有意義的DNA序列與某疾病多因子的關聯性,對自願者之病歷與DNA資料有保密義務;或是「應用端」測得DNA後之結果,揭發於受測者知曉;此三階段之流程,無不涉及到個人之隱私權。 世界各國對基因數據的保障有不同立法之思維:德國對基因數據的蒐集及利用,從「個人資訊自決權」著眼,看重於外顯的自由行為是否同意來決定,必須與「告知後同意」始能蒐集、管理與利用的程序保護連結在一起,之後才有權利對抗的問題。然而美國是從個人的「隱私權」出發,強調個人內心私密空間不容任何人干擾,保障個人人格的最後一道城牆,凡侵入或侵占城牆內的任何行為,皆構成侵權行為。 本文解說出「國家防疫」、「個人疾病基因隱私權」與「臨床醫學研究」,此三者間的「衡平原則」:以預防醫學大數據運用而言,所涉及社會秩序公共利益,流行性傳染病之通報,個人「隱私權」之保障,臨床醫學的研究,聯合國宣言等,亦合併本文對國內外案例判決之評析以探究之。 最新之歐洲聯盟執行委員會(European Commission)就「歐盟資料保護規範」(General Data Protection Regulation ; GDPR)之條文內容,使歐盟新個人資料保護法擴及至非歐盟企業也一體適用的法律,已經於2016年年初獲得確定後,並且於2018年正式生效,尤其是法規要求於資料洩漏時必須在72小時內發出通知,知會其所屬企業公司個體、行政主管機關及個資當事人,以及必須遵守資料傳輸的重要相關規定,於本文亦有詳細介紹。 我國最新的醫療法第82條已經於民國107年1月24日公布施行,內容對醫師的損害賠償責任及刑事責任規定為:「醫療業務之施行,應善盡醫療上必要之注意。醫事人員因執行醫療業務致生損害於病人,以故意或違反醫療上必要之注意義務且逾越合理臨床專業裁量所致者為限,負損害賠償責任。醫事人員執行醫療業務因過失致病人死傷,以違反醫療上必要之注意義務且逾越合理臨床專業裁量所致者為限,負刑事責任」。此次修法之目的在於:近年醫療爭議事件動輒以「刑事方式」提起爭訟,不僅無助於民眾釐清真相獲得損害之填補,反而導致醫師採取防禦性醫療措施,修正醫療刑法「過失」之要件,即以「違反醫療上必要之注意義務且逾越合理臨床專業裁量」定義現行條文所稱之「過失」。但是,本文所引用國內外之法院判決,皆為民法與行政法的範圍與案例,即使在最新之醫療法第82條公布之後,亦不影響本文的主張。 本文結論分兩大節提出見解與建議:第一節內容,著重於綜合國內外之民法與行政法的案例判決,以提出評析與見解。第二節內容,從「上游」源頭增加預防醫學大數據「蒐集端」基因庫之泉源,提出建議,以增加我國大數據基因庫的量。透過基因(DNA)之捐贈,可以使「上游」之預防醫學大數據「蒐集端」的源頭能夠源源不絕。「前人種樹,後人與前人皆可以受惠乘涼、利益共享」,況且「預防又勝於治療」;不論國家社會或個人,對於如何促進預防醫學大數據之茁壯與永續經營發展,並且兼顧病患隱私權之保障,本文也提供了最佳的方法與展望。
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應用區塊鏈技術設計具資料隱私性之綠色供應鏈管理平台框架 / Using Blockchain Technology to Design a Green Supply Chain Management Information Platform Framework with Data Privacy

黃方佐 Unknown Date (has links)
在今日,實施綠色供應鏈管理不僅是遵守法規規範,更積極的是實施綠色供應鏈管理可為企業帶來更多競爭優勢,因此綠色供應鏈管理對企業而言越來越是值得探討與重視的議題。 目前綠色供應鏈管理平台的建立普遍是依賴政府或是第三方機構建立資料交換的機制,或是串接供應鏈上各個企業不同的企業系統達到資料交換的目的,然而這樣的做法有其風險。因為物料資料對企業來說是敏感且有價值的,企業須對提供儲存、資料交換服務的平台有高度信任度,且整個系統亦有中央集權式系統架構之缺陷。運用區塊鏈技術的特性可以解決這樣的問題,區塊鏈技術提供資料永久保存、不可篡改的分散式系統解決方案。本研究更近一步將區塊鏈技術結合加解密機制,讓資料僅有提供者本身以及其同意之查詢者能讀取,如此一來使得區塊鏈系統更具資料隱私之特性,並透過區塊鏈外部儲存系統的設計使儲存空間更易規模化,使得綠色供應鏈中大量、有價值物料資料之儲存、交換且須高度信賴物料資料不被篡改以及綠色認證不被篡改、偽造的這些議題能被解決。 / Nowadays, the implementation of green supply chain management system can bring more competitive advantages for enterprises. This issue is increasingly worthy of discussion. Until now, the establishment of green supply chain management platform generally depends on the government or third parties building the mechanism of exchanging the information, and connecting the various enterprises of different enterprises on supply chain to achieve the purpose of data exchange. However, the approach has risks. The features of blockchain technology can provide permanent preservation and tamper-proof system through the decentralized system solutions. Moreover, this study combines with data-privacy design and off-blockchain storage design to solve the problems of storaging and exchanging the valuable data and ensure material information and green certifications are tamper-proof.
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合理隱私期待之研究-以定位科技為例 / A Study of Reasonable Expectation of Privacy- Case Studies related with Positioning Technology

李明勳, Li, Ming Shiun Unknown Date (has links)
大法官在釋字第689號解釋中,首次在解釋文中引進美國法上的「合理隱私期待」概念,以作為人民是否受到憲法隱私權保障的判定標準。事實上,「合理隱私期待」的概念在我國法上並不令人感到陌生。例如,通訊保障及監察法第3條第2項即明確規定:「前項所稱之通訊,以有事實足認受監察人對其通訊內容有『隱私或秘密之合理期待』者為限」。 除了尾隨、全天候視覺監控等類似的古老方法,隨著科技的進步,諸如以衛星為基礎的汽車導航系統、以基地台為基礎的行動電話定位服務等低成本、高效率的定位科技,可以更輕易且嚴重地侵害我們的私生活及隱私。當定位科技成為我們每天生活的一部分時,如何在這樣的脈絡下正確地操作「合理隱私期待」概念,已成為一項重要的議題。 惟國內學術文獻對於如何正確地操作「合理隱私期待」,似乎欠缺全面性地研究。為了填補國內的空白,本文進行了美國及台灣案例法之深入比較分析,尤其是關於合理隱私期待及定位裝置的判決。本文指出了以往我國及美國法院判決的問題,以及邏輯矛盾之處。為了達到更加一致、正確的判決結果,本文認為,在操作合理隱私期望概念時,法院應著重於四個因素,其分別是:「資訊的性質」、「侵害的手段」、「侵害的場所」及「第三人原則」。 / In J.Y. Interpretation No. 689, the Constitutional Court , for the first time, employs the concept of “reasonable expectation of privacy”, originated from the United States, in order to determine whether an individual enjoys a constitutionally protected right to privacy. The concept, however, is not new to our legal system. For example, Paragraph 2, Article 3 of the Communication Protection and Surveillance Act provides: “The communications referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be limited to those for which there is an adequate showing of facts that a person subject to surveillance would have a reasonable expectation of privacy or confidentiality with respect to the content of the communications.” In addition to tailing, around the clock visual surveillance and similar old-fashioned methods, with the advance in technology, our private life and privacy could be more easily and greatly intruded by low-cost, high-efficiency location positioning technology, such as satellite-based car navigation system and cell sites-based cellphone positioning service. When location positioning technology becomes part of our everyday life, how to properly apply the concept of “reasonable expectation of privacy” in this context has also become an important issue. So far, there seems to lack a comprehensive study on the aforementioned issue in domestic academic literature. To fill the gap, this thesis conducts an in-depth comparative analysis of both U.S. and Taiwan case law, especially those involving reasonable expectation of privacy and location positioning devices. This thesis points out the problems and logical inconsistencies in past decisions in both jurisdictions. In order to reach a more consistent and appropriate result, this thesis argues that when applying the reasonable expectation of privacy test, courts should focus on four factors which are: “nature of information,” “measure of infringement,” “the place where the intrusion happens,” and “third party doctrine.”
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由病人資訊隱私權觀點論我國全民電子病歷政策 / An analysis for Taiwan national electronic medical record system: from the perspective of patients' information privacy

劉汗曦, Liu, Han Hsi Indy Unknown Date (has links)
我國全民健康保險制度自2004年1月1日開始使用健保IC卡後,醫療資訊電子化的趨勢,某種意義上來說,已經如凱撒(Gaius Julius Caesar)渡過盧比孔河(Crossing the Ribucon)時所說:「骰子已經投下(the die is cast)」一般,只能前進不能後退了! 時至今日,電腦、網路連線、憑證簽章已經成為任何一間醫療院所從事醫療行為時的開門七件事之一,民眾用健保IC掛號、醫師用電腦下診斷作病歷、行政人員用健保VPN申報費用等,皆成為醫療實務中的標準模式。而我國衛生署也信心滿滿地希望能於2011年達到全國80%醫院實施電子病歷、60%醫院可為院際交換互動之目標。在此「全民電子病歷」旋將施行之當下,相關隱私權之配套對於病人之保障是否足夠,即成為該政策是否受到國人支持之關鍵所在。 本研究透過整理衛生署自2000年迄今所有與電子病歷相關之專案計畫,以及與電子病歷領域,產、官、學界共9位受訪者進行深度訪談後發現,我國現行電子病歷政策推廣有架構、標準、法制、補助、動機等五大問題,其中關於法制規範及隱私保障不足所造成的民眾疑慮與醫事人員躊躇,已成為電子病歷發展上的一大阻礙,而其中計畫推行的電子病歷索引交互中心,更可能對於病人資訊隱私權產生重大危害與影響。另一方面,若回頭省視司法院大法官釋字第603號解釋,大法官們其實已對涵蓋電子病歷等個人資料之資訊隱私權,有過相當明確的闡釋。其所強調「個人自主控制其個人資料之資訊隱私權」,若能配合2010年5月26日修正通過但尚未施行之個人資料保護法,並非不能為電子病歷提供一個基本、框架式的法律基礎。 在此前提之下,本文提出「電子病歷自主控制機制」之概念,主張在現行憲法資訊隱私權之精神下,應該讓病人在充分瞭解到其權益後,得以選擇「是否將病歷電子化」、「電子病歷儲存場所」、「是否放於交換區」、「是否留存索引紀錄」、「是否允目的外利用」,並能透過管道隨時查詢其「電子病歷使用紀錄」。本文並認為,藉由「推力理論(Nudge)」中「自動加入(Opt-in)」與「主動加入(Opt-out)」等「預設值(Default)」概念之運用,資訊科技中「隱私偏好選項(Privacy Preference)」與「電子病歷使用紀錄明細」等系統之設立與使用,以及國際相關隱私及安全規範之借鏡,與我國健保IC卡推行之在地經驗,或許能夠解決論者對於電子病歷自主控制機制,在參與度、決定能力、行政成本、法規及技術架構、多元價值上的各項疑慮與爭論,並進而證明該構想之初步可行性。 / After implementation of the National Health Insurance (NHI) IC Card on January 1, 2004, the trend of e-health, including enforcing a national electronic medical record (EMR) system in Taiwan, is reminiscent of Julius Caesar’s words when he crossed the Rubicon, “The die is cast.” The return point has been passed; there is no return. Nowadays in Taiwan it has become routine in hospitals and clinics for medical practitioners to use a digital authentication or signature transmitted via a computer scan of an NHI IC card to register patients for diagnosis and treatment, and for administrtive staff using Virtual Private Network (VPN) to file fee claims. Furthermore, the Taiwan Department of Health has announced its implementation of the EMR system and has pledged that, in 2011, 80 percent of hospitals and clinics will start to use a more comprehensive EMR system and 60 percent of hospitals will be able to exchange EMRs. However, while Taiwan’s government is very proud and eager to enforce the EMR system, an increasing number of people doubt that adequate regulations have been put in place to protect against the violation of patients’ information privacy rights. This paper first reviews all former DOH projects related to EMRs, and interviews nine industry, government, and academic professionals who have EMR experience. It next argues that the current laws and regulations in Taiwan cannot provide sufficient protection of patients’ privacy rights, especially with regard to information privacy and autonomy. This is a cause for concern for patients and practitioners who are leery of further EMR implementation or development. This paper proposes a controlling mechanism for patients’ autonomy that will empower patients to determine if they want to electronize their medical records, where they will store their EMRs, and if it is in their best interests to set up an index and allow the transmission of additional EMRs. Moreover, patients will have unrestricted access to a log of all users and uses made of their EMRs and be able to set up their own privacy preferences with opt-in and opt-out choices. This paper concludes that the controlling mechanism for patients’ autonomy will solve the current concerns about the implemenation of a national EMR system and improve patients’ ability to enforce their information privacy and information autonomy rights.
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醫學圖書館個人化資訊服務需求之研究--以台北榮民總醫院圖書館為例

徐嘉僑, Hsu, Chia-Chiao Unknown Date (has links)
在數位化的進程及環境中,圖書館已由對大眾一視同仁的服務演變成重視個體不同需求的服務,圖書館的服務也不再是齊頭式平等的服務。讀者個人的喜好及需求已漸融入到圖書館建置的各種服務項目中,也就是必須因人而異,以滿足使用者的資訊需求,就如同商業市場的機制一樣,唯有行銷與競爭才能使圖書館更具有持續力。 個人化為導向的資訊管理與資訊服務,正逐漸被人們所重視。為了真正滿足使用者的資訊需求,創造出實用的資訊價值,個人化資訊的服務系統強調「因人而異,各取所需」的資訊服務系統,而圖書館也從傳統大眾化式的服務走向分別式、個別化差異的服務模式。 本研究為了要能瞭解醫事人員,對於圖書館所提供的服務需求內容及需求程度,以文獻分析及網站內容分析以及問卷調查的方法對台北榮民總醫院醫事人員的基本背景資訊、網路使用行為,以及對圖書館的網站使用行為與個人化服務需求做一問卷調查。並利用交叉分析的方法,探討醫事人員身份、年齡、學歷與個人化服務需求相關度問題,歸納研究結果重點如下: 一、醫學圖書館在網站上建置個人化服務需求首先應重視個人化資訊環境的建立。 二、國外圖書館網站內容之分析是提供國內醫學圖書館個人化服務項目的參考指標。 三、醫事族群中因不同的身份、年齡、學歷對個人化資訊服務需求有所影響。 四、醫事人員應加強個人興趣檔的建置觀念,以強化醫學圖書館個人化服務功能的提昇。 五、圖書館在個人化服務系統中應規劃隱私權政策。 六、醫學圖書館對整體個人化資訊環境及資訊服務的需求有其必要性且是非常肯定的。 對研究結果提出建議如下: 國內醫學圖書館應儘快整合共同發展個人化服務的機制;對於個人化服務中群體屬性的差異要能持續的注意及改進;對使用者的調查研究由完全量的統計進展到質與量的交叉運用調查研究;圖書館應協助醫事人員建立正確的興趣檔觀念以強化個人化服務的功能;隱私權政策的制訂應多加宣導並於圖書館資訊政策時明訂;個人化服務應多加推廣與宣傳。 / In the progress and environment of digitalization, the library has transformed its service mode from satisfying general needs into catering for different individuals. The library is no longer a one-for-all service. The users' personal interests and needs have been integrated into all the services the library provided; that is, the service differs from person to person so as to meet the users' needs for information. Just like the commercial world, only with marketing and competition will the library last. The individual-oriented information management and service is gradually getting people's attention. To really satisfy the users' information needs and create practical information value, the individualized information service system emphasizes providing "tailor-made" service for different users. And such is a trend the modern library follows. This research is carried out to understand what the users of the medical library need and to what extent they need it, regarding the service the library offers. This research uses literature review, Internet content analysis, and questionnaire survey of the basic background information, Internet usage behavior, the library Internet usage behavior and the needs for personalized service of the medical staff of Taipei Veteran General Hospital. Meanwhile, it uses cross-analysis to find out the relationships between the medical staff's positions, ages, education, and the needs for personalized service. The results of the research are as follows: 1. The personalized service of the medical library on its website should put major emphasis on the establishment of personalized information environment. 2. The analysis of oversea library websites can provide the benchmark for the personalized service of our country's medical libraries. 3. There exists influence from the medical staff's positions, ages, education on the needs for personalized service. 4. Medical people should strengthen their concept of establishing personal interest profile to enhance the personalized service in the medical library. 5. Privacy policy should be taken into consideration in setting up the personalized service system. 6. The personalized information environment and service is essential to the medical library. The implications of the research: The local medical libraries should cooperate to develop the personalized service as soon as possible; they should pay attention to the differences among different groups of users; when doing the survey of users, quality research coupled with quantity research should be conducted instead of completely using quantitative statistics; the library should assist the medical people to establish correct concept of interest profiles to enhance personalized service; the privacy policy should be established and implemented; and finally, the users should be familiarized with the personalized service.
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散布性私密影像行為之研究 / A study on non-consensual pornography

張凱強 Unknown Date (has links)
隨著科技日新月異的快速演進,在這資訊科技爆炸性發展的當代社會,傳播科技提供世人許多日常生活中的便利性,然於此同時,亦促發諸多舊有之犯罪態樣因不當濫用傳播科技,而產生新型態之蛻變。近年來,個人與性相關的私密影片照片,在未經當事人同意的狀況下而遭到外流的事件頻傳,此種犯罪態樣在全球氾濫的程度,已然引起各國關注。   這種被稱為「未得同意散布性私密影像」(Non-Consensual Pornography,NCP),亦常被泛稱為「復仇式色情」(Revenge Porn)的新興犯罪態樣,被害人多以女性為主,且經常係發生於親密伴侶在彼此關係破裂後,遭持有影像之一方用以威脅、恫嚇,或進而散布以造成傷害之手段,尤其結合網際網路複製便利、快速傳播及高度匿名等特質,往往會對於被害人造成其隱私、人格、就學就業等人際關係之破壞,更因資訊一旦經上傳於網路即難以完全移除,故此種犯罪行為實會對被害人身心造成深遠、長久且難以挽回的創害。   本文期欲探討「未得同意散布性私密影像」行為,此種犯罪類型在我國有何態樣及其氾濫程度,又我國刑事司法政策對此如何評價。此外,國際立法趨勢又如何防治此種因新傳播科技所衍伸之新興犯罪態樣。故本文於第二章先透過蒐整分析國內外相關新聞資料、學術文獻,以爬梳、探究此一新興之犯罪態樣在國際社會間之發展脈絡及其定義,並蓋覽此一犯罪態樣呈現於各國統計資訊中之盛行趨勢,以及其以女性為主要被害族群之特質,探究社會文化中之厭女文化(Misogyny)惡性因果循環,而此種顯著之性別暴力問題。   進而於第三章中,本文首先將「未得同意散佈性私密影像」予以類型化分為「影像取得階段」、「藉以恐嚇階段」及「實行散布階段」等三種層面,並分別討論我國現行相關法制在其中之適用與司法判決實務現況,進而,剖析現行法益保護之紊亂,以及相關法律適用之錯誤與困境。   有鑑於前揭我國現行法制度之諸般問題,本文於第四章以「比較法分析」為基礎,探究國際社會對此新興犯罪態樣之立/修法趨勢,並分別爰引英國、加拿大、菲律賓及日本等四國之立法先例,探究並闡述各國將「未得同意散佈性私密影像」行為予以罪刑化(criminalize)之保護法益、構成要件與罪責,以及其他對於被害人之保護性措施。   透過前述國外立法先例之引介及分析,本文進而摘整其中值得我國參考借鏡之處,於第五章提出我國未來刑事立法及防治政策之相關建議,期能做為我國整體制度改革之楔子。 中文關鍵字:裸照外流、未得同意散布性私密影像、復仇式色情、散布猥褻物品、性隱私權 外文關鍵字:Non-Consensual Pornography、Revenge Porn、Intimate Sexual Images、Privacy

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