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Syftet med denna uppsats är att se skillnaderna mellan de nya ämnesplanerna i Svenska jämför med de nuvarande kursplanerna. Det är även att se skillnaden mellan betygsskalorna IG-MVG och F-A.           Metoden som jag använt mig av är en komparativ textanalys där jag jämfört de olika kursplanernas motsvarigheter i de nya ämnesplanerna samt de två olika betygskalorna. Jag har dessutom genomfört en intervju med en informant som spelades in samt transkriberats.           I denna uppsats har jag kommit fram till att det finns skillnader mellan kursplanerna och de nya ämnesplanerna i Svenska, speciellt i Svenska 1 och Svenska 3. I Svenska 1 har det kommit att bli mer stoff som ska arbetas med under terminen och Svenska 3 har fått ytterligare 50 poäng vilket leder till en större kurs. Den största skillnaden i alla tre nya ämnesplanerna är att litteraturen har blivit mer förtydligad, vad det är som eleven ska läsa och från vilka epoker och författare.           Den stora skillnaden mellan de olika betygskalorna är enligt min mening inte kunskapsnivåerna utan det är just betygen D och B och därför är det är rimligt att bedömningen blir mer rättvis enligt mig.

Syftet för denna kvalitativa studie var att utveckla förståelse för föräldrars perspektiv på deras barns förskolestart och vad som då kan vara problematiskt. Syftet var också att bidra med kunskaper om önskvärda handlingsmönster hos pedagoger vid förskolestarten. Studien genomfördes på internet där tio respondenter hittades på ett internetforum för föräldrar. Föräldrarnas inlägg insamlades och därtill genomfördes en e-postenkätundersökning som jag formulerat för denna studie. Några aspekter som visade sig vara viktiga för alla tillfrågade föräldrar var tillgången till information i förhand, möjligheter till inflytande över inskolningsarbetet, samt en fungerande kommunikation mellan pedagoger och föräldrar. I samtliga undersökta fall av problematiska inskolningar uppstod med eller mindre uttalade konflikter kring när och hur föräldern skulle lämna barnet och hur man skulle tolka barnets gråt.

Together with the advancements in animal cloning, the ability to efficiently target specific genes in somatic cells would greatly enhance several areas of research. While it has been possible for quite some time to target specific genes in the germ cells of mice, the advancements in somatic cell gene targeting has been slowed for two main reasons. First, the finite lifespan of somatic cells, due mainly to the inability of the somatic cells to regenerate or maintain their telomeres, poses a major problem given the lengthy selection process needed to identify a targeting event. The second problem is the overall inefficiency of homologous recombination. A double strand break or introduction of foreign DNA into a cell can be processed either through the homologous recombination or non-homologous end joining pathways. Of these two, non-homologous end joining is dominant in somatic cells. A two plasmid recombination system was used to study the effects of the manipulation of several non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination pathway molecules on the rates of homologous recombination in porcine fetal fibroblasts. In addition, the effect of telomerase expression, cell synchrony, and DNA nuclear delivery was examined. Results indicate a strong positive relationship between inactivation of p53, cell synchronization, and efficient DNA nuclear delivery in enhancing the rate of homologous recombination. These findings were then applied to an actual locus in the pig, the α1,3 galactosyltransferase gene. Results from these transfections are compared to published accounts of successful targeting at this locus and possibilities for the differences found are discussed.

The purpose of this study is to examine how two different primary schools with the same school management district work with daily physical activity. We have chosen to conduct our investigation based on interviews. Through the interviews, we can highlight the teacher´s and principal´s interpretations of the concept regarding physical activity and find out the school´s arguments and working methods for pupil´s physical activity. These two schools work with physical activity in two different ways and the study describes the teacher´s and principal's choice of approach. Since our training is directed towards the younger ages, school years 1-3, we chose to interview teachers who work in these classes. It is also at a young age that teachers can influence pupil´s to adopt a healthy life style. Our results show that the individual teacher's own attitude can be reflected in the lesson planning. The teacher´s we interviewed felt that the breaks and activities encouraged students to be physically active. Trends we saw in the collection of our empirical data are that teacher´s want to be able to plan more physical activity but that they feel the pressure for all pupil´s to achieve the learning outcomes. Our results show that there might be a concern among teacher´s about the concept of physical activity and what it means.

4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a potent pulmonary carcinogen found in unburned tobacco and tobacco smoke. To exert its carcinogenic effect, NNK is metabolically activated to reactive intermediates that can damage DNA by alkylation or pyridyloxobutylation. NNK also has the ability to induce DNA oxidation and alter DNA repair activities that can result in deficient repair and potentially exacerbate carcinogenesis. Base excision repair (BER) is a ubiquitous DNA repair system that mainly repairs oxidative DNA damage. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of NNK on DNA oxidation status and BER activity in A/J mouse lung and liver. Female mice were treated with 10 µmol of NNK i.p. and lung and liver were isolated 1, 2 and 24 hours post administration. DNA was isolated from lung and liver, and the formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, a biomarker of DNA oxidation) was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. At 1, 2 and 24 hours in both murine lung and liver, there was no statistically significant difference in 8-OHdG levels (n = 4, P > 0.05) between control and NNK-treated mice. To assess BER, cell-free whole tissue nuclear protein extracts from liver and lung were prepared and incubated with a plasmid substrate containing oxidative DNA damage. In vivo treatment with NNK did not alter BER activity in lung or liver compared to control mice (n=3 or 4, P > 0.05). These experiments indicate that acute treatment with a tumourigenic dose of NNK does not significantly stimulate oxidative DNA damage or significantly alter BER activity in murine lung and liver. / Thesis (Master, Pharmacology & Toxicology) -- Queen's University, 2011-04-28 17:42:08.172

Syftet med detta arbete är att få kunskap om hur pedagoger i förskoleklass samt årskurserna 1-3 som har tillgång till iPads i sin matematikundervisning ser på användandet av dessa. Hur resonerar pedagoger när de använder iPadsen och finns det en tanke bakom hur iPadsen används när det gäller matematiska mål i Lgr 11? Metoden som användes för att få svar på frågeställningarna var dels en enkätundersökning för att nå ut till många pedagoger och därefter fördjupande intervjuer som baserade på enkätfrågornas resultat.

This dissertation reports the development of a new multi-band multi-output synthesizer, 1/2 dual-injection locked divider, 1/3 injection-locked divider with phase-tuning, and 1/3 injection-locked divider with self-injection using 0.18-micrometer CMOS technology. The synthesizer is used for a multi-band multi-polarization radar system operating in the K- and Ka-band. The synthesizer is a fully integrated concurrent tri-band, tri-output phase-locked loop (PLL) with divide-by-3 injection locked frequency divider (ILFD). A new locking mechanism for the ILFD based on the gain control of the feedback amplifier is utilized to enable tunable and enhanced locking range which facilitates the attainment of stable locking states. The PLL has three concurrent multiband outputs: 3.47-4.313 GHz, 6.94-8.626 GHz and 19.44-21.42-GHz. High second-order harmonic suppression of 62.2 dBc is achieved without using a filter through optimization of the balance between the differential outputs. The proposed technique enables the use of an integer-N architecture for multi-band and microwave systems, while maintaining the benefit of the integer-N architecture; an optimal performance in area and power consumption. The 1/2 dual-ILFD with wide locking range and low-power consumption is analyzed and designed together with a divide-by-2 current mode logic (CML) divider. The 1/2 dual-ILFD enhances the locking range with low-power consumption through optimized load quality factor (QL) and output current amplitude (iOSC) simultaneously. The 1/2 dual-ILFD achieves a locking range of 692 MHz between 7.512 and 8.204 GHz. The new 1/2 dual-ILFD is especially attractive for microwave phase-locked loops and frequency synthesizers requiring low power and wide locking range. The 3.5-GHz divide-by-3 (1/3) ILFD consists of an internal 10.5-GHz Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) functioning as an injection source, 1/3 ILFD core, and output inverter buffer. A phase tuner implemented on an asymmetric inductor is proposed to increase the locking range. The other divide-by-3 ILFD utilizes self-injection technique. The self-injection technique substantially enhances the locking range and phase noise, and reduces the minimum power of the injection signal needed for the 1/3 ILFD. The locking range is increased by 47.8 % and the phase noise is reduced by 14.77 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset.

Th.--Litt.--Helsinki, 1961. / Bibliogr. p. 10-17. Index.

Thèse (Ph.D)--Université Laval, 2001. / Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 22 mars 2004). Bibliogr. Présenté aussi en version papier.